aass_l 







Book 



'Pdlr 



OFFICIAL DONA.XION. 



ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON. 

Robert R. Livingston, statesman, was born in New York City Novem- 
ber 27, 1746; died February 26, 1813, at Clermont, New York. He was 
Minister to France from 1801 to 1805 and negotiated tlie treaty with Na- 
poleon for the purchase of the Louisiana Territory; member New York 
Provincial Assembly and Continental Congress; on committee with Jef- 
ferson to draw up the Declaration of Independence; Chancellor of New 
York; administered oath of office to President Washington; Secretary of 
Foreign Affairs; interested with Robert Fulton in the manufacture of the 
steamboat, "Clermont;" agriculturist, and introduced gypsum as fertilizer, 
and Merino sheep in New York. Called by Benjamin Franklin "the Cicero 
of America." 



"The praise for this magnificent accomplishment 
[the Louisiana Purchase] is more due to Robert R. 
Livingston than to any other American; and some 
city or county in every state formed out of this im- 
perial purchase should bear his name in commemora- 
tion of his courageous statesmanship." — John A. Kas- 
son, at dedication of Floyd Monument, Sioux City, 
May 30, 1901. (Annals of Iowa, Vol. V, No. 3, page 
189.) 




ROBERT LIVINGSTON, Statue by Augr. L,n Keman. 

Statesman. Negotiated the Treaty for the Purchase of Louisiana Territory. 



REPORT 



OF THE 



IOWA COMMISSION 



TO THE 



LOUISIANA PURCHASE 
EXPOSITION 

ST. LOUIS 

1904 



COMPILED AND EDITED BY 
THE SECEETAKT 

FREEMAN R. CONAWAY 



1 to 



The Register and Leader Companj^ 
Des Moines 



Iowa Commission to the Louisiana Purchase 

Exposition 



APPOINTMENTS MADE APRIL 29, 1902, BY HON. A. B, CUMMINS, 

GOVERNOR OF IOWA. 



Commissioners at Large — 

William Larrabee Clermont 

W. W. Witmer Des Moines 

District Commissioners — 

First District, Leroy A. Palmer Mt. Pleasant 

Second District, George M. Curtis Clinton 

Third District, W. F. Harriman . Hampton 

Fourth District, Thos. Updegraff .McGregor 

Fifth District, J. H. Trewin Cedar Rapids 

Sixth District, S. S. Carruthers Bloomfield 

Seventh District, S. M. Leach Adel 

Eight District, *S. Bailey, M. D Mt. Ayr 

Ninth District, W. T. Shepherd Harlan 

Tenth District, C. J. A. Ericson Boone 

Eleventh District, W. C. Whiting .Whiting 

Executive Committee — 

W. W. Witmer, Chairman; S. M. Leach, Leroy A. Palmer, J. H. Tre- 
win, Geo. M. Curtis; Wm. Larrabee, honorary member. 

F. R. Conaway, Secretary, Des Moines; elected by the Iowa Commission, 
October 7, 1902. 

*Appointed by Governor Cummins, December 18, 1902, to succeed P. 
L. Prentis, M. D.f of , Ringgold cCleunty,^resi#ised.^ «®® 

I. t e ^ir \ 6 ,s •- 6 « 6 «■ «' * 

«. « fc e c « " ^ ^ 6 a Ci 6 s ® s a 6 «, « 

rf o t fo <) f" e c- ® © e ^ e e e ® 

s t e » « t> e ^ e 6 6 e e> e ® s ts « e^ "^ 



* . * 



«'• • • 



D. ot D. 



Table of Contents 



PART I. 



Robert R. Livingston, bicgiaphy 1 

Title Page 3 

Iowa Commission 4 

William Larrabee, biography 10 

Letters of Transmittal — 

By the President 9 

By the Executive Committee 11 

By the Secretary 17 

Report of Preliminary Commission 20 

Thomas Jefferson, biography 26 

Laws Governing Iowa's Participation 27 

Rules of Iowa Commission 29 

Proclamations 33 

Governor A. B. Cummins, biography 34 

Official Utterances 36 

Iowa at 'the World's Fair, address by President Francis 41 

General Awards by Iowa Exhibitors 44 

Some World's Fair Figures, by Secretary Stevens 45 

Departments and Employes 49 

Proceedings of the Iowa Commission 51 

PART II— DEPARTMENTS. 

Department of Construction — 

Report of Commissioner W. T. Shepherd 107 

Report of Salvage — Board of Control 115 

Department of Education — 

Report of Commissioner James H. Trewin 121 

Report of Superintendent Sessions 124 

Awards 128 

Iowa State College, Ames 130 

The Iowa State University Museum 134 

I-epartment of Anthropolcgy and History — 

Report of Commissioner Thomas Updegraff 137 

Report of Curator Aldrich 139 

Aw ards 141 

Deposited for Reference 142 

Chronology of Iowa at t.ie World's Pair 145 

Iowa and Expositions 146 

Iowa Days at Expositions 148 

Exposition aad Historical References 149 

Department of Woman's Work — 

Report of Commissioner George M. Curtis 153 

Feport of Auxiliarj^ Committee 155 

Exhibits and Valua 156 

Iowa Authors 160 

Iowa Composers 161 



6 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

Press and Exploitation — 

Report of Commissioner W. W. Witmer ' 162 

Newspaper Exhibit 163 

General Assembly Exploits Exposition 168 

Addresses by Representatives B. F, Cummings, M. L. Temple, 

Will C. Whiting, Senator L. W. Lewis 168 

Department of Live Stock — 

Report of Commissioner W. F. Harriman 171 

Report of Superintendent White 172 

Exhibitors 173 

Awards 174 

Department of Agriculture — 

Report of Commissioner Will C. Whiting 185 

Report of Superintendent Forest 188 

Value of Farm Products 190 

Awards 191 

Report of Superintendent Clute 194 

Department of Apiary — 

Report of Commissioner C. J. A. Ericson 195 

Awards 197 

Department of Dairy — 

Report of Commissioner C. J. A. Ericson 199 

Address of Dairy Commissioner H. R. Wright 200 

Address of Professor G. L. McKay , 201 

Address of S. B. Shilling 203 

Awards 205 

Dairy Cow Demonstrations 208 

Department of Horticulture — 

Report of Commissioner Samuel Bailey 211 

Awards ^ 214 

Department of Manufactures and Machinery — 

Report of Commissioner S. M. Leach 217 

Report of Superintendent Hutchins 222 

Individual Exhibitors and Awards 228 

Department of Mines and Mining — 

Report of Commissioner S. S. Carruthers 239 

.Report of Superintendent Piatt .T.~. 241 

Awards 245 

PART lll~CEREIVIONIES. 

Allottment of Iowa Site — 

Addresses by President D. R. Francis, President William Larra- 

bee and Commissioner L. A. Palmer 249 

The Louisiana Purchase, Address by Commissioner J. H. Trewin 257 

Corner Stake Driving — 

Prayer by Richard C. Barrett 260 

Address by Governor A. B. Cummins 261 

Address by Frederick W. Lehmann 262 

Address by Lafayette Young 263 

Exposition Buildings Dedicated 265 

Iowa's Flag Raising — 

Address by Commissioner W. T. Shepherd 267 

Address by President D. R. Francis 269 

Louisiana Purchase Day Address, by President A. B. Storms 271 

Iowa Building Dedicated 279 

Prayer bj^ Frederick M. Smith 280 

Address by Commissioner Witmer 280 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 7 

Addresses by President D. R. Francis and Frederick W. Lehmann 281 

Louisiana Purchase Flag Day 282 

Address by Hon. Henry Sabin 284 

Opening Day Ceremonies 289 

Memorial Day 293 

Iowa Day - 295 

Discovery of Iowa, June 17, 1673, Historical 295 

Prayer by Rev. Jesse Cole 303 

Address by President William Larrabee 304 

Address by President D. R. Francis 306 

Address by Governor A. B. Cummins 308 

Address by Thomas D. Healy 310 

Address by Commissioner L. A. Palmer 319 

Fourth of July 328 

Addresses by Commissioner J. H. Trewin, N. Graham Thwaites. . 329 

Poem by George F, Rinehart 330 

Address by President Francis 331 

American Boy Day 333 

Poem by Angus M. Berry 333 

Iowa Cities' Day 335 

Addresses by Colonel and Mrs. A. W. Swalm, Senator Harsh and 

Senator Samuel Harper 335 

Addresses by President Larrabee and Chief F. W. Taylor 336 

Address by President D. R. Francis 337 

Thanksgiving Day 338 

Addresses by Commissioner S. S. Carruthers and Mrs. Noble 

Prentis 338 

Address by Mrs. Henry J. Howe and Charles M. Sessions 339 

Address by John Cownie 341 

Address by President Larrabee 342 

Sunday Sacred Concerts 342 

Address by Col. A. H. Winchester 344 

Address by Mrs. William Larrabee 345 

President's Day .■ 347 

Closing ■ Day 347 

Executive Commissioners' Association 349 

Address by President Yerrington 349 

Address by Charles M. Reeves 353 

Addresses by Col. R. H. Henry and Col. J. A. Filcher 356 

Exposition Management 360 

Iowa Building 363 

Functions of a State Pavilion 363 

Building Plans 365 

Location, Architecture and Arrangement 367 

Service and Lunches 371 

Interior Decorations 374 

Academy of Music 377 

The Organ 380 

State Songs 381 

Musical Entertainments 382 

Hospitality Extended 384 

Addresses at Sunday Service 384 

Conventions and Reunions 385 

Social Features 386 

The Hostesses 388 

Iowa People in Positions 391 

Iowa People Connected Officially with the Exposition 392 

Iowa People on Exposition Programs 394 

The Visitors' Register 396 

Attendance from Iowa 397 

Index 401 




WILLIAM LARRABEE, 

President of the Iowa Commission. 



3Inhia (Gnmmisaimi 
iCmtBtana $Jurd|aap lExpnaitinn 



lExfruItbp Wfatt 




WILLIAM LARRABEE. 

William Larrabee was born January 20, 1832, in Ledyard, Conn. He 
was a son of Capt. Adam Larrabee, a distinguished soldier of the War 
of 1812 and a graduate of West Point. Both grandfathers were heroes 
of the Revolutionary War. Captain Larrabee was a member of the Con- 
necticut legislature, state Railroad Commissioner, and a presidential 
elector for William Henry Harrison. 

William Larrabee came to Clermont, Iowa, in 1853. He had received 
a common school education and had taught school in Connecticut, fol- 
lowing this avocation for a time at Hardin, Allamakee County. He be- 
came foreman of the large farm of Judge Williams in Clayton County. In 
1856 he commenced the manufacture of flour and later of brick and tile. 
Subsequently he added banking to the varied industries occupying his 
attention. In 1861, when the war broke out, he assisted in the organiza- 
tion of a company, and was appointed lieutenant, but owing to the injury 
to his eye was not accepted into service. He has erected monuments to 
perpetuate the memory of the nation's heroes, the one he has taken the 
greatest pride in being the Lincoln monument at Clermont, which gives 
representation to the first Clermont company and the figure of Thomas 
Henderson, a brother of Col. David B. Henderson, the first Clermont sol- 
dier to be killed in battle. 

Mr. Larrabee was married September 12, 1861, to Miss Ann M. Ap- 
pelman of Clermont, who was born August 13, 1842, at Ledyard, Conn. 
She was a daughter of Capt. Gustavus A. Appelman, formerly of Con- 
necticut. Their family consists of Charles and Frederick, of Fort Dodge; 
William, Jr., and Miss Anna, Clermont; Mrs, Julia Love, Lincoln, Neb., 
and Mrs. Helen Robbins, Cedar Rapids. Their daughter, Augusta, wife of 
Mr. Victor Dolliver, died March 14, 1897. 

Mr. Larrabee was elected to the state senate in 1867 and occupied 
the position continuously for eighteen years, and almost the entire time 
as chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. He resigned when nom- 
inated for Governor. He was elected Governor in 1885 and re-elected in 
1887. In 1898 he was appointed chairman of the Board of Control of 
State Institutions, and after the new system was well established on a busi- 
ness basis he resigned in February, 1900. He was appointed Commissioner 
at Large of the Iowa Commission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and 
elected president. "The Railroad Question," of which he is the author, 
is widely known throughout the United States. 



REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 11 

By the Executive Committee 

To Hon. William Larrabee, President Louisiana Purchase Exposition 

Commission of Iowa. 

Dear Sir — Among other duties delegated by the Commission to the 
executive committee was that of preparing for submission to the Governor 
a statement of the doings of the Commission, including a showing of all 
exhibits made by the state of Iowa, or the citizens thereof, and the awards 
made on such exhibits and such other matter as the Commission might 
deem valuable to the people of the state of Iowa. 

The work of the Commission appointed to represent Iowa at the Lou- 
isiana Purchase Exposition covers a period of over two- years and a half. 
The purpose of the General Assembly in providing for the appointment of 
the Commission and in making the appropriation was to give expression 
to the desires of the people for a suitable exhibition of resources and the 
advantages of the state in comparison with other states and countries. 
The pride of our state is justly found not alone in the admitted excellence 
of material resources, but also in the high character of its citizenship. 
The Commission early concluded to exert all its powers to maintain the 
reputation of Iowa as the first state in the Louisiana Purchase, and second 
to none in the Union — with what success may be judged in a measure by 
a careful perusal of this book. It seems a duty to record some of the 
many flattering utterances made for our splendid commonwealth by chos- 
en representatives, by our state officials, and by high officials of the great 
exposition, and, indeed, by many others whose friendship was gained 
through association made possible only at such periods in a nation's life. 

The carefully prepared reports of the heads of the several depart- 
ments will prove interesting to the reader, for he will be able to get in 
condensed form what could only be seen, and hardly remembered, and 
seen only in a maze of wonderful exhibits. The student of history in years 
hence will even more greatly appreciate these reports. In the years to 
come is there to be growth, improvement and development along material 
and moral lines, or is there to be decay? These records will furnish op- 
portunity for comparison. Ic was a wonderful exposition. It was, indeed, 
a mark of the time, a great mark, a mark recorded not only in the mem- 
ories of those who saw it, but one recorded in every published paper and 
almost every public record of the period. 

Promotion. — The very first dutj^ of the Commission was the promo- 
tion of the exposition and the event it celebrated among the people of 
the state. The Prelioiinary Commissioners appointed by Governor Shaw 
spent much time' and labor in an investigation of the subject. While this 
Preliminary Commission was an honorary one, it was made up of repre- 
sentative citizens, many of whom had had exposition experience at Chi- 
cago and Omaha, After much deliberation that Commission recommended 
a larger appropriation than the legislature believed advisable. During the 
public discussions of the matters the people became interested and edu- 
cated in this great event, making the work of the Permanent Commission 
in promotion very much lighter. 

In the organization of the Commission the policy was adopted of 





W. W. WITHER, 
Chairman Executive Coniniittee. 



REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 13 

dividing- the work into departments, with one Commissioner at the head 
of each, and to place the responsibility in each department upon one head. 
This required much time and intelligent labor, particularly for those Com- 
missioners in charge of the larger dspn.rtments. But the co-operation of 
the entire Commission, with the eflicient aid rendered by the secretary, 
the interest shown by state officials and departments, and by civic and 
industrial associations, made the work of promotion easier and saved ex- 
penses to an extent impossible to estimate. The time given to the service 
of the state by the individual members of the Commission during nearly 
two years prior to the opening of the fair is not noted anywhere except 
in the minds of the members themselves. That labor was done cheerfully 
and with the same enthusiasm and interest as if liberally rewarded in pe- 
cuniary compensation. Commissioners were early called upon to attend 
association meetings and to make addresses. At their homes they con- 
ducted voluminous correspondence, giving information to those who be- 
came interested. 

Education. — The purpose of the exposition v/as to celebrate the one 
hundredth anniversary of the purchase of Louisiana Territory. Through 
the educational department a universal celebration was arranged of this 
centennial on the day of transfer in the schools of Iowa, December, 1903. 
This was the most effective work undertaken, and was so recognized by 
exposition officials, who regretted that similar movements had net been 
inaugurated in other states. So general was this event celebrated in Iowa 
that a new patriotism was aroused and an active interest in Iowa's part 
in the exposition manifested. 

School teachers and school children sought and received instruction 
through the educational department of the Commission, and also from 
state officials. This information was not confined strictly to the purpose 
and value of the great exposition to be held at our very doors, but included 
the history of our country, so that the impressions of the period are left 
upon a generation to follow the close of this great event. 

The live stock department is an example of results accomplished with 
long preparations prior to as well as with faithful management at the 
fair. World's Fair prize blood will flow in the veins of Iowa live stock 
for centuries, and with increasing value. Pedigree records will honor 
and preserve the credit of the men who thus, with this opportunity, earned 
enduring and cumulative wealth to the state. The prizes won are not 
profit and only slight recompense for a year and more of time, labor and 
scrutiny devoted to the animals placed on exhibition. That profit will 
follow is to be wished by an unselfish people. So it should be borne in 
mind always that the work of promotion for months and years prior to 
the exhibition was of first importance, and this Commission did not and 
could not, except in its own experiences, fully realize the great importance 
of this early work. 

The State Building. — The Commission, at its first meeting, decided to 
make the Iowa Building a strong feature. To accomplish its purpose. 
Commissioners were delegated to proceed at once to St. Louis to make an 
early selection of a site. Success followed with an exceptionally desirable 
location. The Commission then proceeded promptly with the construction 



14 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

of the building and its practical completion in November, 1903, five months 
before the opening of the fair, gave economical results of which the Com- 
missioners are justly proud. Mr, W. T. Shepherd, head of the building de- 
partment, fortunately had had experience with building operations, and by 
pushing the work escaped the congestion which followed. The Iowa build- 
ing was completed before the strikes and lockouts and extortionate prices 
became obstacles to the completion of building operations. The location, 
of the Iowa Building at the head of the Plateau of States, on high ground, 
kept it in view to practically every visitor to the fair, and thousands- 
passed and repassed it every day. It was the sense of all Iowa visitors 
as well as the judgment of strangers that the money expended upon the 
Iowa Building was productive of most satisfactory results. A house is^ 
not a home. A home is often found in a more modest dwelling. It was 
the purpose of the Commission to have a beautiful house In a beautiful 
spot, and to make within it a place of hospitality and comfort which would 
evidence the character of Iowa people. The Commission and the state 
were favored and fortunate in having at its head an honored citizen wha 
contributed wisely and liberally of his own time and means toward mak- 
ing the building and its administration so successful. 

Music. — The splendid pipe organ which was installed by Governor 
Larrabee for use during the fair made it possible to provide entertainment 
for guests who daily thronged the great rooms of the Iowa Building, in 
the beginning the Commission set apart $5,000 for music and other states 
spent as much and more. On account of this generous gift, Iowa was en- 
abled to provide more and better music than any other state or nation. 

Receipts and Disbursements. — The following is a statement of re- 
ceipts and disbursements: 

Receipts. 

Appropriation 29th General Assembly $125,000.00 

Appropriation 30th General Assembly 20,000.00 $145,000.00 

Disbursements. 

Administration and General — 

Contingent Expenses 18,516.49 

Wm. Larrabee, Expenses 273.41 

P. L. Prentis, Expenses 70.40 18,860.30 

Agricultural Department, Expenses 9,343.20 

W. C. Waiting, Expenses 699.47 10,042,67 

Building and Grounds, Exterior — 

Building 40,147.02 

Plumbing 3,176,99 

Sidewalks and Grounds 1,238,00 

W. T. Shepherd, Expenses 860.49 45,422.50 

Building, Interior — 

Fixtures 1,378.03 

Furniture 4,582.70 

Decorations 2,795.85 

L. A, Palmer, Expenses 1,166.29 9,922.87 

Dairy and Apiary Department Expenses 1,894.31 

C. J. A. Ericson, Expenses 367.61 2,261.92 

Education Department Expenses 7,173.08 

James H. Trewin, Expenses 318.63 7,491.71 

Insurance 1,077.32 



REPORT OP THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 15 

Historical Department Expenses 69.75 

Thomas Updegraff, Expenses 157. Go 227.40 

Horticulture Department Expenses 6,480.32 

Dr. S. Bailey, Expenses 1,017.22 7,497.54 

Live Stock Department Expenses 10,890.44 

W. F. Harriman, Expenses 206.14 11,096.58 

Manufactures Department Expenses 3,487.80 

S. M. Leach, Expenses 513.43 4,001.23 

Mines and Mining Department Expenses 2,687.59 

S. S. Carruthers, Expenses 360.68 3,048.27 

Music 1,273.49 

Press and Exploitation Department Expenses 1,280.98 

W. W. Witmer, Expenses 308.90 1,589.88 

Woman's Work Department Expenses 728.97 

George M. Curtis, Expenses 269.25 998.22 

Expenses of Final Report — 

Printing, Engraving and Binding 1,849.64 

Postage, Express, Wrapping and Cartage 315.75 

Secretary's Services 750.00 2,915.39 

$127,727.29 
Balance Unexpended 17,272.71 

Total $145,000.00 

The rule adopted in the beginning provided that the money should be 
drawn from the state treasury from time to time as needed and disburse- 
ments made only on accounts rendered and sworn to. All accounts were 
audited by a committee of three Commissioners and paid by check issued 
with the joint signature of the president and secretary of the Commis- 
sion. At stated periods the itemized disbursements were reported to the 
State Executive Council, and the same are published in detail in the re- 
ports of the Executive Council of Iowa, and will be found on pages 364 to 
372 for 1903 and pages 478 to 516 for 1905. Every expenditure is shown 
in these reports as provided by law. Because of unexpected necessities 
impossible to anticipate, it was found necessary at times to make read- 
justments and reapportionments in order to prevent the appropriations 
from becoming exhausted. Expenses were held under control from begin- 
ning to end. Weekly statements of bills incurred were required from ev- 
ery department, and weekly estimates made as well of bills to be in- 
curred. With such strict rules and a careful scrutiny of current affairs, 
the Commission was enabled to close its business without drawing upon 
the appropriation made by the Thirtieth General Assembly except for the 
cost of the publication of this book. All vouchers and account books are 
deposited with the Governor. It was the desire of some of the Commis- 
sioners to submit only a simple typewritten report. After discussion 
among themselves, however, and after consultation with members of the 
Executive Council, and with their approval, it was decided to publish this 
report for distribution to members of the Legislature, state officials and 
public libraries and newspapers. 

Administration. — A perusal of the condensed report of the meetings 
held by the Commission and by the executive committee will show attend- 
ance with reasonable regularity. Each one appreciated his duty. The 
work assigned to some of the Commissioners required more time and 



16 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

travel than others. None of them shrank from their responsibility. The 
law specified that Commissioners should serve without compensation, 
though actual expenses were provided for. Economy was practiced and 
the administration of affairs was managed as business men would manage 
their own affairs. 

The Commission was fortunate in its appointments of officials and 
executive officers to conduct its affairs during the exposition. The secre- 
tary, as custodian, with his estimable wife as hostess, and rheir children, 
took up their home in the Iowa Building and made it for all who entered 
a house full of cheer and generous hospitality. Light, order, nusic and 
friends were to be found always in the Iowa Building. 

The executive committee, speaking for the Commission, acknowledges 
the great service rendered to the state by Governor and Mrs. Larrabee 
for giving their time almost the entire summer at their own personal ex- 
pense to the affairs of the Commission. The duties of the executive com- 
mittee were simplified because of the active work of the president of the 
Commission. 

The condensed reports of the meetings of the Commission give only 
the general results of the deliberations. The Commission was harmonious 
but made so by a full and frequently vigorous discussion of matters under 
consideration. Every member had an opinion upon every subject. Debate 
was useful for open minds, and the work is concluded with harmony un- 
broken and with friendships established which will be treasured while life 
lasts. To be one of such a Commission, chosen for such a purpose, for 
such a service, to a state of such grandeur as the state of Iowa, and with 
results so clean and beneficial, is an honor. 
Respectfully submitted, 

W. W. WITHER, Chairman. 

JAMES H. TREWIN. 

S. M. LEACH. 

GEORGE M. CURTIS. 

L. A. PALMER. 

Executive Committee. 




ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. 



SECRETARY'S LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 



17 



By the Secretary 

To Hon. William Larrabee, President of the Iowa Commission, Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition. 

Dear Sir — I herewith present for your consideration a compilation of 
the work assigned to the Secretary and Custodian, including a general 
financial report and the reports of ceremonies, music and entertainment. 

The performance of the duties 
assigned has brought me in close as- 
sociation with j^ou, Mr. President, 
and also the chairman of the Exec- 
utive Committee, Hon. W. W. Wit- 
mer, and to both I desire to express 
my hearty appreciation of the con- 
sideration shown me, as well as to 
every other member of the Commis- 
sion in the work of general admin- 
istration and conduct of their sev- 
eral departments. Because of the 
hearty co-operation in the Commis- 
sion, the comprehensive policy in 
the administration of its affairs, or- 
ganized and operated in a thought- 
ful, business-like manner, the duties 
of the secretary have been a pleas- 
ure and the experience one always 
to be cherished. 

Governor Cummins, in making his appointments for the Iowa Com- 
mission, placed the selection above a partisan basis. Ability, fitness and 
qualification for the duties being the only consideration. The wisdom of 
his selections has already been proven. Each commissioner was not onh' 
strong in the particular department work assigned, but was considerate 
in the administration of the work as a whole, and to these men who have 
devoted their time without remuneration, understanding the sacrifices 
that had to be made to give the state conscientious service for the honor 
bestowed, the secretary has noted with pleasure the hearty approval and 
appreciation of the people of Iowa for the work performed hf the mem 
bers of the Iowa Commission. 

It is an honor and a pleasure to have been selected to serv-j; such a 
commission as its secretary. 

To Governor Cummins for his ready response at all times in giving 
aid to the Commission in its work, and especially for the many courtesies 
shown in the departments assigned to the secretary; 

To the state officers and those connected with the various depart- 
ments at the state house and in the several institutions, for the consid- 
eration and assistance given the plans of the Commission; 

To the Department of Agriculture for its courtesy in sharing office 
room at the state house with the Iowa Commission during the prelimi- 
nary work and previous to the removal of its office to S^". i^ouis; to tht 




F R. CONAWAY, Des Moines, 
Secretary Iowa Commission. 



18 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

secretary, Mr. John C. Simpson, especially, for the many kind attentions 
and acts of courtesy; 

To each and every one of these it is the desire of the secretary to 
express the gratitude which is felt by every member of the Commission. 
In the departments assigned the secretary I desire to thank the mem- 
bers of the Women's Auxiliary Committee and Mrs. Larrabee, and the 
ladies and families of the Commission for their tireless energy and valu- 
able assistance in the entertainments and ceremonies at the Iowa Build- 
ing; the superintendents of departments for their generous services and 
the aid they have given to the secretary's office; to the assistants in the 
secretary's office and in the Iowa Building for the loyal support rendered 
and the uniform courtesy extended. Not a state at the Exposition had a 
more competent force, and their conscientious work in the discharge of 
their duties was the subject of meritorious comment by many visitors to 
the building associated with other state and foreign buildings and ex- 
hibits. To the organists, vocalists, pianists, instrumentalists and those 
assisting in the many entertainments, I desire to express the hearty 
thanks and appreciation of the Commission for their valuable aid in mak- 
ing these functions at the Iowa State Building so representative of the 
life, character and talents of a fair and favored state. 

The Commission desires to express its appreciation of the friendly 
co-operation of the individual exhibitors from the state who entered heart- 
ily into the general plan of the Commission in exploiting Iowa's re- 
sources, and also those from Iowa serving the Exposition in other capac- 
ities, for their friendly offices; 

To President Francis for his ready responses to appear at the Iowa 
Building upon all occasions to assist in ceremonies; 

To Secretary W. B. Stevens for the many favors and attentions that 
were shown in his department; 

To Charles M, Reeves, chief of the Department of Domestic Exploita- 
tion, whose work naturally brought him in close touch with state com- 
missioners, for his efforts to adjust matters and provide for the execution 
of plans previously promised and guaranteed by the Exposition Company; 

To Director Isaac S. Taylor of the Division of Works for his prompt 
efforts to expedite the work of construction; 

To Mr. W. A. Kelsoe, superintendent of the Press Bureau, and his as- 
sistants, and to Mr. J. C. Thompson, Jr., secretary to the president, for 
many favors shown; 

To the chiefs, superintendents and assistants at the Administration 
Building and exhibit palaces for their courteous consideration of matters 
brought to them for adjustment; 

To Hon. Frederick W. Lehmann, Mr. C. H. Huttig, Mr. James Hager- 
man. Gen. John W. Noble, and many other former Iowa residents, now 
honored citizens of St. Louis, for the many contributions in time and in 
labor to make Iowa all that it should be at such an exposition. 

Through the activity and careful supervision of the State Board of 
Control, the furniture and fixtures from the representation of Iowa at th*** 
Exposition have been removed and distributed to the various state inst^ 



SECRETARY'S LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 



19 



tutions, the state realizing salvage to the extent of dollar for dollar on 
the investment. 

The beautiful building, the pride of every lowan who visited the Ex- 
position, has been leveled to the ground and practically every foot of lum- 
ber saved and distributed among the state institutions. 

All that remains of the splendid representation made by Iowa at the 
Exposition to preserve for future generations is the report here made, 
with accompanying views of the building and exhibits. 

Such a report is valuable not only as an historical record, but, in a 
way, will serve as a guide to those charged with similar responsibilities 
in the future, not for duplication, but as a means of information concern- 
ing a multitude of subjects which always arise. 

The most excellent reports compiled by former commissions, notably 
the compilations of the veteran commission secretary, Hon. F. N. Chase, 
and the commission statistician, Hon. Chas. Ashton, have been of inesti- 
mable value to the Iowa Commission of the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion in the preliminary and actual work. 

In the preparation of this report, it has been the policy of the Com- 
mission to prevent duplication and to eliminate such features as the laws 
governing the work of the Commission and the detailed expenditures, 
which may be found in the Session Laws and reports of the Executive 
Council. 

Respectfully submitted, 

F. R. CONAWAY, Secretary and Custodian. 



;v ;; -4, 




MAP OF ST. LOUIS. 



20 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Preliminary Commission 

January 6, 1899, Governor Leslie M. Shaw appointed and commis- 
sioned the following named gentlemen to represent the state of Iowa at a 
convention of representatives of the states in the "Louisiana Purchase," 
to be held in the city of St. Louis, Mo., in the month of January, 1899: 

Samuel B. Evans, of Wapello County; Charles M. Junkin, of Jefferson 
County; S. B. Ziegler, of Fayette County; Charles A. Stanton, of Appa- 
noose County; A. B. Funk, of Dickinson County; James C. Milliman, of 
Harrison County; Edward H. Hunter, of Polk County; Lafayette Young, 
of Polk County; Edward P. Heizer, of Woodbury County; John L. Waite,. 
of Des Moines County; David Brant, of Clinton County; Charles J. A. 
Ericson, of Boone County; Wm. E. Fuller, of Fayette County; Samuel M. 
Leach, of Dallas County; Joseph Wallace, of Hardin County; W. C. Hay- 
ward, of Scott County; Wm. H. Dildine, of Woodbury County. 

The above commission organized by selecting Hon. J. C. Milliman, 
Lieutenant Governor, as chairman. The commission visited St, Louis and 
participated in the convention of delegates from all the states carved out 
of the Louisiana Purchase, which was presided over by Captain Milliman. 
The report to the Governor follows: 

STATE OF IOWA, 

TWENTY-EIGHTH GENERAL ASSEMBLY, 

Rooms of the Liteutenant Governor. 

Des Moines, Iowa, January 24, 1902. 
Hon. A. B. Cummins, Governor, Des Moines, Iowa. 

Dear Sir — Complying with the instructions of the commission foi" 
Iowa appointed by your predecessor to arrange the preliminaries for our 
representation at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis in 1903, 
I have the honor to lay before you the estimates in detail of the amount 
required to suitably accomplish such purpose. 

The estimates herewith submitted are the result of careful labor and 
thought of a sub-committee, of which Mr. S. M. Leach, of Adel, is chair- 
man, and I need not assure you that, while the sum is large, the com- 
mittee has not been more enthusiastic than the great opportunity now 
presented to fairly exhibit our wonderful advantages and resources fully 
warrants. In fact, as such commission has considered the matters prop- 
erly before them, the future greatness of Iowa has grown in our minds 
and the opportunity to reap for our sowing so impressed the commission 
that, without a dissenting vote, $250,000 should be recommended was 
adopted as its judgment. The commission has labored without compen- 
sation, expenses paid by the membership, and submit this report of its 
doings in the hope that its work may be helpful. 
Very respectfully yours, 

J. C. MILLIMAN, Chairman. 



Hon. A. B. Cummins, Governor, Des Moines, Iowa. 

Your immediate predecessor appointed commissioners for Iowa for 
the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, to be held at St. Louis in 1903. At 



REPORT OF PRELIMINARY COMMISSION. 21 

their meeting, held on the 17th day of January, 1902, at Des Moines, a 
report was ordered made which should include an estimate of the neces- 
sary amount of money which your commissioners are of the opinion should 
be provided, and which it is hoped the present General Assembly will ap- 
propriate. 

The first meeting of the Commission was held in the city of St. Louis, 
in January, 1899, which was merely of an introductory and social char- 
acter. 

The next meeting was held in Des Moines, in 1901, at which time a 
chairman and secretary were elected and a committee was appointed to 
go to St. Louis to look over the grounds where the exposition is to be 
held and to confer with the principal officers and promoters of the enter- 
prise. This committee reported to the Commission on its findings as to 
the requirements of Iowa, and it is of the opinion that the opportunity 
which this great enterprise will give to us if we shall do our part is be- 
5'ond computation in dollars. 

The subjoined report of the requirements of the money for Iowa's 
part is hereby submitted as follows: 

(Estimate.) 

Preliminary promotion $ 5,000 

Building and plumbing 100,000 

Architect 5,000 

Commissioners 9,900 

Superintendents and employes 20,000 

Secretary, bookkeepers and stenographers 3,000 

Telegraph, telephone and express 2,200 

Printing, stationery and postage 1,500 

PostofRce and mail carrier 1,500 

Collecting exhibits 6,000 

Agricultural and horticultural 16,000 

Dairy 4,000 

Apiary 1,000 

Forestry and minerals 3,000 

Manufactures and machinery 6,000 

Fine arts 1,500 

Educational 6,000 

Historical and women's department 6,000 

Press 1,000 

Dedication exercises and special days 7,000 

Music 4,000 

Illustrated printing for the state 5,000 

Sundries, contingent and publicity 12,500 

Decorating grounds, grades, walks, etc 5,000 

Furniture, fixtures, heat and wiring building 8,000 

Bureau of information 3,000 

Live stock 15,000 

Total $258,100 

Your Commission is not unmindful of the fact that the various 
amounts in the general estimate may be too high in some places and too 
low in others, but, in view of the fact that it has for its basis the expendi- 
tures made at Chicago in 1893 and in Omaha in 1898, it may be accepted 
as approximately correct. 

It is the intention of the management at St. Louis to group in a vil- 
lage the buildings of the states that have been made out of the Louisiana 
Purchase, and to reserve for them the most commanding locations; there- 
fore it is important that the Iowa Building be of such proportions and of 
such style and finish as shall suitably reflect the culture, advancement 
and prosperity of our people. 

Respectfully submitted, 

J. C. MILLIMAN, Chairman. 



22 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Following these recommendations, the Preliminary Commission sub- 
mitted the following: 

The Centennial Exposition of Philadelphia covered 23G acres of 
ground; the Paris Exposition, 336 acres; the Chicago Exposition, 633 
acres; the Pan-American at Buffalo, 350 acres. The St. Louis association 
has secured for its "World's Fair and will occupy 1,200 acres. 

The construction cost of the Paris Exposition was $9,000,000; that of 
the Chicago Exposition, $18,322,000, and that of the Pan-American at Buf- 
falo, $10,000,000. The estimated cost of the St. Louis Exposition is $30,- 
000,000, which may be exceeded. 

Congress has appropriated the sum of $5,000,000 for the enterprise; 
St. Louis as a municipality has appropriated $5,000,000, and the citizens 
of St. Louis have raised $5,000,000 by private subscription. States and 
territories have already made partial appropriations and more are antici- 
pated. Besides the above, the people of St. Louis, by popular vote, have 
so amended their city charter as to enable the municipality to expend 
$10,000,000 in street paving and other public improvements. 

What part should Iowa take in this Exposition? There is no better 
state in the Union, and no state in better financial condition or with a 
lower tax levy. It would seem that the pride of our people would demand 
that the state be fairly and creditably represented, or not at all. 

Everything is higher now, at least in the line of building material and 
labor, than when pre\^ious expositions have been held, and it will require 
more money, or some difference in expenditure, or both, to make the same 
show. What is especially needed, in addition to an appropriation by the 
state, is a commission of business men with a strong executive head, that 
will handle the enterprise as a business proposition, and make every dol- 
lar count for something besides a soft snap for a small army of favorites. 

The amount appropriated by the Iowa legislature for the Chicago Ex- 
position was $135,000. This was supplemented by an appropriation of 
some $6,000 more by the Executive Council. For the Omaha Exposition 
$35,000 was appropriated. For the Pan-American at Buffalo not anything; 
the state was not represented. 

The Iowa Commission for the Chicago Exposition reported the ex- 
penditure of appropriations provided as follows: 

Publicity and promotion $ 5,000.00 

State building 30,504.24 

Fixtures and furniture .^ ._. 3,881.21 

Administration 16,881.86 

Salaries and employes 13,844.43 

Archaeological, historical and statistical 3,504.15 

Dedication ceremonies of opening and state days 6,592.34 

Music, Iowa State Band, six months. 16,500.00 

Printing, postage, stationery and telegrams 1,918.88 

Lights, fuel and insurance 1.859.94 

Contingent expenses 2,195.23 

Collective exhibit and dscoration 11,380.46 

Live stock 7,241.92 

Agriculture and dairy 8,045.05 

Horticulture 1,834.75 

Mineral and geology 2,292.94 

Press 759.78 

Woman's work 1,291.41 

Manufactures and machinery 11.39 

Education and liberal arts 5,322.64 

Forestry 146.50 



Total $141,009.12 

It may be noted that something was saved in cost of a state building 
by leasing a park building on the exhibition grounds, to which an addition 
was built. 



REPORT OP PRELIMINARY COMMISSION. 23 

The Iowa Commission for the Omaha Exposition reported the expen- 
ditures under their administration as follows: 

(Expenses at Omaha.) 

Building $ 8,682.82 

Architect 312.02 

Plumbing 503.68 

Insurance 176.50 $ 9,675.02 

Decorating 2,480.15 

Commissioners, including secretary 5,250.12 

Stenographers 320.50 

Telegraph and telephone 117.09 

Express 90.46 

Printing and stationery 536.52 

Freight 275.16 

Furniture 870.32 

Live stock exhibit '. 1,476.52 

Agricultural exhibit 418.89 

Fruit 390.31 

Postage 315.95 

Sundries 1,900.53 

Paid to individuals, only partly itemized 841.39 

Gathering exhibits 376.75 

Employes (weekly payrolls) 3,320.72 

Agricultural College cadets 450.00 

Tapestry painting 250.00 

Souvenir buttons 263.00 

Caterer 442.95 

Office rent at hotel 50.00 

Typewriter supplies 12.76 

Carriages 78.00 

Bookkeeper 78.00 

Music 442.00 

Typewriter machine 90.00 

Total .$ 30,813.11 

Respectfully submitted, 

J. C. MILLIMAN, Chairman. 



Hon. Charles Ashton, now deceased, a member of the Iowa Commis- 
sion to the Columbian Exposition at Chicago, submitted the following: 

Guthrie Center, Iowa, March 16, 1903. 
Secretary Iowa Commission, Des Moines Iowa. 

Dear Sir — I mail you today a copy of the Lohrville Enterprise, pub- 
lished by my son, J. C. Ashton, with marked article on the needs for the 
work of your Commission. My experience in the Columbian Commission 
convinces me that your Commission needs more funds than are now ap- 
propriated for its use in order to make such an exhibit in the pending 
exposition as the position and honor of our state demands. The question 
meets you, How will you get the means you should have for your work? 
I thought an article on the subject, even in so small a paper as the Enter- 
rise, might be of some benefit to the good work, and so I wrote the ar- 
ticle published in the Enterprise. 

You may notice that I made the statement that the Iowa Columbian 
Commission had about $180,000 for its work. I know some will tell you 
it had but $125,000, but the legislature first gave it $5,000, then $125,000, 
then it received $5,000 for the model capitol concession, then 
it received $12,500 from the Executive Council for the support of the 
state band; it received upwards of $800 from the dairy exhibit for butter 
donated; something more than $500 from the women of Iowa, and the 



24 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Iowa Horticultural Society contributed $2,000. It received $17,200 for serv- 
ices of the Iowa Band from the board of management of the World's Co- 
lumbian Exposition. Then it had the advantage of several thousand dol- 
lars through the use of the old Shelter, which saved the Iowa Commission 
that much cash in the construction of the Iowa Building. Then there were 
considerable amounts of individual donations, as the gift of a piano by 
Geo. H. Bent, advantages that your Comxmission may not find. It cannot 
have the use of a building already constructed to its hand in the St. 
Louis park, as did our Commission. I see that your contract for the con- 
struction of a building for Iowa exceeds the contract price of the Iowa 
Building at the World's Fair, Chicago, some $10,000. 

I am earnestly desirous of the success of your Commission in the St. 
Louis fair. I know you cannot succeed wiithout money. I hope the next 
General Assembly will vote your commission a liberal appropriation. 

Recapitulation of Means in Hand of Iowa Columbian Commission. 

State appropriation $130,000 

Appropriation by Executive Council 12,500 

Advantages in use of old building on the fair grounds . . . 10,000 

Dairy donations, butter 800 

Donations by ladies' organizations 500 

Donation, piano, Geo. H. Bent 300 

Earnings of Iowa Band during fair . , 17,200 

Concession to place model of Iowa Capitol in Iowa Bldg. . 5,000 
Contributed by Horticultural Society 2,000 

$178,300 
Other contributions, unknown value 1,763 

% 

Total $180,063 

Yours respectfully, CHARLES ASHTON. 

In addition to the above the expense to the state for Iowa troops at 
the dedication, October 16-23, 1892, was $20,704.53. (Adjt. Gen. Rept., 189H, 
p. 62.) 

Total Iowa expenditure, Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1892-3, $200,- 
767.53. 




IOWA BUILDING, COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 1893. 




IOWA STATE OFFICERS. 



Copyrighted 1904, la. Pub. Co., 
Davenport, used by permission. 



Central group. Executive Council. Albert B. Cummins, Governor; W. B. Martin, Secretary of State: B. F. 
Carroll, Auditor; G. S. Gilbertson, Treasurer. On left. C. W. MuUan, Attornej^ General; Wesley Green, Sec'y 
State Horticulture Society; Fletcher Howard, (now deceased) Pharmacy Commissioner; D. N. Lewis, Sec'y 
Railroad Commission; P. J. Palmer. Railroad Commissioner: B. Murphy. State Printer; Howard Tedford, 
State Binder. At right, John F. Riggrs, Supt. Public Instruction ; A. H. Davison, Sec'y Executive Council: H- 
R. Wright, Dairy Commissioner; E. A. Dawson. Railroad Commissioner; Charles Aldrich, Curator; J. C. Simp- 
son, Sec'y Department of Agriculture; Johnson Brigham, Librarian. 

John Cownie, (i. S. Robinson, L. G. Kinne. Board of Control of State Institutions; John Herriott, Lieutenant 
Governor; Prof. Samuel Calvin, State Geologist; W. W. Cornwall, Supreme Court Reporter; Dr. J. F. Kennedj-, 
Sec'y Board of Health. 

Bottom row. Supreme Court, S. M. Weaver, S. M. Ladd, John C. Sherwin, H. E. Deeraer, Emlin McClain. C. 
A. Bishop and Clerk of the Supreme Court. J. C. Crockett. 



THOMAS JEFFERSON, 
President of the United States at the time of the Purchase of L,ouisiana. 

Thomas Jefferson was born April 2, J 743, in Virginia, and died July 
4, 1826, fifty years after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence, 
of which he was the author. Elected to Colonial Congress, 1775; chair- 
man of committee to draw up the Declaration of Independence, 1776; suc- 
ceded Patrick Henry as Governor of Virginia, 1779; elected to Congress, 
1783; appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to France, 1785; Secretary of 
State in Washington's Cabine, 1789; Vice President of the United States, 
1797-1801; President of the United States, 1801-1809. 



LAWS AND RULES OF THE COMMISSION. 27 

Laws and Rules Governing Iowa's Participation 
in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition 



Chapter 195, Laws of the Twenty-ninth General Assembly. — An act to 
provide for an exhibit of the arts, industries and resources of the state 
of Iowa at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, to be held in the city of 
St. Louis, in the state of Missouri, and making appropriation therefor. 
Approved April 12, 1902. Appropriation, $125,000. 

Concurrent Resolution No. 16, Twenty-ninth General Assembly. — Con- 
current Resolution relative to the transfer of the Iowa Buildings at the 
Louisiana Purchase Exposition to the Board of Control. Adopted April 
11, 1902. 

Chapter 165, Laws of the Thirtieth General Assembly. — An act to pro- 
vide for the disposition of the property of the state used at the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition and to appropriate money for that purpose. Approved 
March 22, 1904. 

Concurrent Resolution No. 9, Thirtieth General Assembly. — Concur- 
rent resolution relative to a historical exhibit at he Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition at St. Louis. Adopted April 8, 1904. 

Chapter 146, Section 34, Laws of the Thirtieth General Assembly. — 
For the purchase of the Huebinger Map of Iowa by the Executive Coun- 
cil, said map to be loaned to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commis- 
sion, the sum of one thousand, eight hundred ($1,800) dollars. Approved 
April 13, 1904. 

Chapter 145, Section 1, Laws of the Thirtieth General Assembly. — 
Appropriates three hundred twenty-eight dollars and eighty-five cents 
($328.85) to the members of the Joint Legislative Committee, appointed 
to visit the Iowa Building at St. Louis and to inspect the work of the 
Iowa Commission. Approved April 13, 1904. 

Chapter 164, Laws of the Thirtieth General Assembly. — An act mak- 
ing twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) additional appropriation for the 
Iowa exhibit at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis, and 
amendatory of the law as it appears in chapter one hundred and ninety- 
five (195) of the acts of the Twenty-ninth (29th) General Assembly. Ap- 
proved March 22, 1904. 

Expenses incurred at dedicatory ceremonies and corner stake driving 
as follows — 

Dedication, April 28 to May 2, 1903— 

Governor and party $ 205.15 

Adjutant General and Staff 464.55 

Fifty-fourth Infantry, pay, subsistence, transportation 6,430.58 

$7,100.28 




FESTIVAL HALL AND CASCADES. 



RULES OP THE IOWA COMMISSION. 



29 



Iowa Day, June lG-17, 1904— 

Governor and party $ 238.86 

Adjutant General and Staff 279.15 

Adjutant General and Staff, transportation 121.86 

Ames Cadets 200.00 

Mentzer Drill Team (Marion) 300.00 

$1,139.87 
Expense of shipment, installation and return of historical 

exhibit at the Exposition $ 268.79 




TEMPLE OF FRATERNITY. 

Rules of Order 

(Adopted October 7, 1902.) 

(1) Officers. — The officers of the Commission shall be a president, a 
vice president, a secretary and a treasurer. 

(2) Committees. — The Commission shall appoint an executive com- 
mittee, consisting of five members, and such other special and standing 
committees as shall be necessary from time to time to carry out the ob- 
jects of its creation. 

(3) President. — The president shall preside at all meetings of the 
Commission when present, and shall perform such other duties as may be 
required of him from time to time by the Commission. 

(4) Vice President and President Pro Tem. — In the absence or in- 
ability of the president to act, the vice president shall perform the du- 
ties of president, and, in the absence of both, the Commission shall ap- 
point a president pro tem. 

(5) Secretary — Duties. — The secretary shall take and subscribe an 
oath of office and shall give bond in the sum of $2,000, to be approved by 
the Commission, for the faithful performance of his duties; shall be sec- 
retary of the executive committee; shall keep a separate record of all the 
proceedings thereof; shall keep a record of all the proceedings of the 
Commission; shall conduct its correspondence; shall keep and have 
charge of its books of accounts, and see that proper vouchers are returned 
for all disbursements made, and that the same are distributed to their 
proper accounts as provided by law, and, after such distribution, that the 
same are carefully filed and preserved; shall sign all warrants as pro- 
vided by law, and perform such other duties as may be required of him 
by the Commission or executive committee. His compensation shall be 
fixed by, and he shall hold office during the pleasure of the commission. 



30 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

(a) Ceremonies, Music, Entertainment. — Resolved, That all matters 
in regard to ceremonies, music and entertainment be placed in charge 
of the executive committee, and that it be the duty of the secretary to 
arrange all such matters and have general charge thereof under the di- 
rection of the said committee. Adopted April 30, 1903. 

(b) Custodian. — Resolved, That the additional duty of custodian of 
the Iowa Building be imposed upon the secretary. Adopted March 2, 1904. 

(c) Powers. — Resolved, That the custodian be authorized to dis- 
charge employes in and about the Iowa Building for inefficiency or mis- 
conduct, subject to the approval of at least one Commissioner. Adopted 
March 2, 1904. 

(6) Treasurer. — The treasurer shall take and subscribe an oath of 
office and shall give bonds as required by law; shall receive such funds as 
may, by law, be appropriated for the purposes of the Commission, and 
drawn from the state treasury upon its request; shall keep an account 
thereof, and shall make such payments as shall be ordered by the com- 
mission upon warrants signed by the president and countersigned by the 
secretary, and shall perform such duties as may be required by the Com- 
mission. 

(7) Bills — ^Auditing Committee. — All bills and claims shall be item- 
ized and verified as required by law, and, before being allowed by the 
Commission, shall be referred to an auditing committee of three members, 
to be appointed by the president of the Commission, and warrants shall 
not be drawn therefor until the same shall be audited by said committee 
and allowed by the Commission, (a) (amended December 19, 1902) ex- 
cept the compensation of the secretary and typewriter, which may be paid 
on the approval of a committee consisting of the president and treasurer 
of the commission and the chairman of the executive committee, (b) 
(amended March 4, 1903) provided, however, that all bills on account of 
construction, plumbing, decorations and furnishings of the Iowa Building 
may be audited and allowed by three members of the executive commit- 
tee after the same have been approved by the superintendent of construc- 
tion; (c) (amended September 2, 1903) provided, further, that bills neces- 
sarily incurred by the chairmen of the various departments may be audit- 
ed and allowed by three members of the executive committee after the 
same have been approved by the chairmen of such departments. 

(d) Resolved, That hereafter the auditing committee shall be com- 
posed of any three members of the executive committee. Adopted Sep- 
tembr 7, 1904. 

(e) Payroll. — Resolved, That the payroll for the employes of the 
Commission, including those engaged in the work of the several depart- 
ments, be made out weekly on blanks similar to those used by the State 
Board of Control, giving the names, the amount due and authorized by 
the Commission or executive committee to be paid, the actual rendition 
of the services being certified by the superintendent of the department 
or secretary of the Commission, and when such blanks are made and each 
employe has receipted for the same on the line on which the name ap- 
pears, or receipt for the amount is attached to the payroll sheet and veri- 
fied by the secretary, may be paid on the approval of an auditing com- 



RULES OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 31 

mittee consisting of the president, treasurer and one member of the ex- 
ecutive committee, and the secretary is hereby authorized to draw check 
for the full amount and present to the president or vice president of the 
Commission or chairman of the executive committee, who are hereby au- 
thorized to sign the same and deliver to the secretary to disburse the 
several amounts to said employes as shown on the payroll sheet. Adopted 
April 30, 1904. 

(8) Executive Committee and Powers. — The executive committee 
shall perform such duties and execute such plans as may be directed or 
ordered by the Commission (a) [and shall have general charge and super- 
vision of the work of the Commission]. (Words in brackets stricken out 
December 19, 1902. 

(b) Resolved, That there is hereby delegated to the executive com- 
mittee of this Commission authority and power to execute all or any plans 
that may have been devised or ordered by this Commission. Such author- 
ity is conclusive in the administration of current affairs and is subject to 
rules and regulations made and that may be made by this Commission. 
Adopted April 29, 1904. 

(c) Resolved, That there is hereby delegated to the executive com- 
mittee the duty and power to execute all and any plans which may have 
been devised or ordered bj" this Commission, granting said committee 
discretionary and full authority to complete the work of the Commission 
and to deliver the building and other property to the Board of Control, 
and at the close of the fair the executive committee shall prepare a re- 
port of the finances, including the amount drawn from the state treasurer 
and expended, the same to be submitted to the Commission at its meet- 
ing to be held December 7th. Adopted September 7, 1904. 

(d) Resolved, That the Commission authorizes the executive com- 
mittee to place unexpended funds and unnecessary balances in any de- 
partment or fund in the contingent fund and to use same for the benefit 
of any other department or purposes. Adopted September 7, 1904. 

(e) Resolved, That the executive committee is hereby directed and 
empowered to execute all matters relating to the final business of this 
Commission, receive reports, arrange and devise plans for the publica- 
tion of a suitable final report as provided by law to the state of Iowa, 
to audit unpaid bills, and to do whatever may be necessary in the final 
closing up of the affairs of the Commission. It is authorized to call a 
meeting of the Commission, whenever it may deem it to be necessary, 
through the president of the Commission. Adopted December 7, 1904. 

(9) Cushing's Manual. — Cushing's Manual of Parliamentary Practice 
shall govern the proceedings of the Commission and its committees, ex- 
cepted as otherwise provided by these rules. 

(10) Quorum. — A majority of all the members of the Commission 
and of the committees shall constitute a quorum. 

(11) Amendments of Rules — Any of these rules may be repealed or 
amended at any meeting of the Commission by a vote of two-thirds of the 
members of the Commission. 

(12) Order of Business. — The order of business at all meetings of 
the commission, unless otherwise ordered, shall be as follows: 1. Roll 



32 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

call; 2. Reading and approval of the minutes of previous meetings; 3. 
Communications; 4. Report of the executive committee; 5. Reports of of- 
ficers; 6. Reports of standing committees; 7. Reports of special commit- 
tees; 8. Unfinished business; 9. New business. 

(13) Reports and Motions in Writing, — All reports of committees 
shall be in writing and motions shall be reduced to writing Avhen required 
by the president. 

(14) Regular and Called Meetings. — The Commission shall hold reg- 
ular meetings each year, at 10 o'clock a. mi, on the first Wednesday in 
December, on the first Wednesday in March, on the first Wednesday in 
June, on the first Wednesday in September, and such special meetings as 
may be provided by the Commission or called by the president. It shall 
be the dutj^ of the president to call a special meeting whenever requested 
so to do by the executive committee, or by any five members of the Corn- 
mission. 

(15) Ayes and Nays. — The ayes and nays shall be called upon the 
request of any member and a record thereof made. 

(IG) Employes. — All employes of the Commission shall hold their 
positions at the pleasure of the Commission. 

(a) Resolved, that all assistants in and about the Iowa Building be 
under the control and direction of the custodian, subject to the control of 
the Commission. Adopted March 2, 1904. 

(b) Resolved, That employes shall be assigned by the secretary and 
custodian to any other duties and work which may be required in connec- 
tion with the work of the Commission or the maintenance of the build- 
ing. Adopted by the executive committee April G and approved by the 
Commission April 29, 1904. 

(17) Superintendents of Departments. — Resolved, That each Com- 
missioner be authorized to appoint his own superintendent and assistants 
where deemed necessary, and fix their compensation, and that each head 
of department organize for his exhibit within the amount allowed thereto, 
provided that the compensation of all employes shall be subject to the 
approval of the Commission. Adopted March 4, 1903. 

(a) Expenditures. — Resolved, That no expenditure by heads of de- 
partments or other employes shall be incurred after the opening of the 
fair without the approval of the Commission or the executive committee, 
except as heretofore ordered, and that all superintendents of departments 
be required to submit to the secretary on Saturday of each week an item- 
ized statement of all expenditures and liabilities for the current week, 
and that the secretary is hereby directed to send to each Commissioner 
each week a copy of the expenses for the current week. Adopted by the 
executive committee April G and approved by the Commission April 29, 
1904. 

(18) Commissioners' Expenses. — Resolved, That the expenses of the 
Commissioners be charged to the departments which they represent where 
they have funds to their credit, and that this be retroactive. Adopted 
April 30, 1904. 

(a) Resolved, That the expenditures for personal expenses of Com- 
missioners in attendance at the fair be limited to an average of thirty 
days, except when otherwise ordered by the Commission or the executive 
committee, from and after May 2, 1904. Adopted by the executive com- 
mittee April 6 and approved by the (jommission April 29, 1904. 



PROCLAMATIONS. 



Proclamations and Official Utterances 



Invitation to all Nations 

By the President of the United States: Whereas, Notice has been 
given me by the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission, in accord- 
ance with the provisions of section 9 of the Acts of Congress, approved 
March 3, 1901, entitled, "An act to provide for celebrating the 100th anni- 
versary of the purchase of the Louisiana territory by the United States, 
by holding an international exhibition of arts, industries, manufactures, 
and the products of the soil, mine, forest and sea, in the city of St. Louis, 
in the state of Missouri,' that provision has been made for grounds and 
buildings, for the uses provided for in the said act of Congress; 

Now, therefore, I, William McKinley, president of the United States, 
by virtue of the authority vested in me by said act, do hereby declare 
and proclaim that such international exhibition will be opened in the city 
of St. Louis, in the state of Missouri, not later than the first day of May, 
nineteen hundred and three [extended to 1904], and will be closed not 
later than the first day of December thereafter. And in the name of the 
government and of the people of the United States, I do hereby invite all 
the nations of the earth to take part in the commemoration of the pur- 
chase of the Louisiana territory, an event of great interest to the United 
States and of abiding effect on their development, by appointing repre- 
sentatives and sending such exhibits to he Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion as will most fitly and fully illustrate their resources, their industries 
and their progress in civilization. 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the 
seal of the United States to be affixed. 

Done at the city of Washington this twentieth day of August, one 
thousand, nine hundred and one, and of the independence of the United 
States the one hundred and twenty-sixth. 

WILLIAM Mckinley. 

(Seal.) 
By the President: John Hay, Secretary of State. 



Louisiana Purchase Flag Day 

By the Governor: Saturday, December 20th, will be the ninety-ninth 
anniversary of the acquisition by the United States of the Louisiana ter- 
ritory. Of all the states which now form parts of the vast and eventful 




AI^BERT BAIRD CUMMINS, 
Governor of Iowa. 



Albert Baird Cummins was born February 15, 1850, in Greene County, 
Pa.; graduated at AVaynesburg College, 1869; located same year at Elka- 
der, Clayton County, Iowa. Worked as a carpenter, clerk in the County 
Recorder's office, express messenger between McGregor and St. Paul, civil 
engineer in Indiana and Michigan. Studied law in Chicago; admitted to 
the bar, 1875. Came to Des Moines, 1878. Elected to the General Assem- 
bly in 1887, serving two years. Republican presidential elector-at-large, 
1892. Served as Iowa member of the Republican ational Committee, 1896- 
1900. Elected Governor of Iowa, 1901; re-elected, 1903. Married to Miss 
Ida L. Gallery, of Eaton Rapids, Mich., January 24, 1874. They have one 
daughter, Mrs. Hollis Rawson, of Des Moines. 



PROCLAMATIONS. 35 

addition to the area of the republic, none has greater reason to commem- 
orate the day than Iowa. The ordinary significance of the event is in- 
tensified at the present because there is in preparation at St. Louis an 
exposition whicli is to couA^ey to the world the impressive message of the 
progress, development, and capacity of the great territory then dedicated 
to free institutions. In this exposition the people of Iowa have and will 
continue to have a profound interesL, for it must be second to no other 
state in the celebration about to occur. 

Therefore, I, Albert B. Ctimmins, Governor of the state of Iowa, to the 
end that there may be vividly brought before our minds not only the Lou- 
isiana acqtiisition, but the exposition through which it is to be shortly 
celebrated, do earnestly recommend that the day aforesaid, to-wit, Sat- 
urday, the 20th day of December, 1902, be designated as ''Louisiana Pur- 
chase Flag Day," and that it be observed by a display of the national col- 
ors upon all public buildings and, insofar as practicable, upon our busi- 
ness houses and dwellings. 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused to be 
affixed the great seal of the state, this 15th day of December, 1902. 

ALBERT B. CUMMINS. 
(Seal.) 

By the Governor: W. B. MARTIN, Secretary of State. 



Iowa Day at the Exposition 

By the Governor: The Universal Exposition, commemorating the ac- 
quisition by the United States of the vast territory known as the Lotiisi- 
ana Purchase, is now in progress at St. Louis. The event sought to be 
emphasized is not only one of the most important in he history of govern- 
ments, but the exposition itself is the greatest and most complete exhibi- 
tion of the achievements of the human race ever brought togeher. Of all 
the states which occupy the territory so acqtiired, Iowa, by common con- 
sent, stands first, and therefore her interest in the exposition is not sur- 
passed by any of her sister commonwealths. 

Each state will have a "day," during which the exposition will be pe- 
culiarly her own. Iowa has chosen June 17th as her "day." The choice 
has been wisely made, for it is the day above all others tipon which the 
men and women of Iowa can most fittingly celebrate the transfer of the 
Louisiana territorj^ from the empire of France to the republic of the Uni- 
ted States. It is the anniversary of the most important day in the his- 
tory of our people, for on Jtme 17, 1G73. the eyes of civilized man first 
rested on the beautiful shores of our beloved state. 



36 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Iowa will, therefore, take possession of the exposition on June 17th, 
and by appropriate ceremonies will signalize the two mighty events. 

It is the earnest hope of the chief executive that as many of our 
loyal citizens as can make it convenient to do so will attend at St. Louis 
upon the day aforesaid and thus give dignity and enthusiasm to a cele- 
bration which will be full of pleasure and overrunning with instruction. 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused to be 
affixed the great seal of the state of Iowa. Done at Des Moines, this 7th 
day of June, 1904. 

ALBERT B. CUMMINS. 
(Seal.) 

By the Governor: W. B. MARTIN, Secretary of State. 



Official Utterances 



By the President of the United States. 

In his address at the Pan-American Exposition, held at Buffalo, 1901, 
William McKinley, President of the United States, said: 
"Expositions are the timekeepers of progress." 

In his message to Congress, 1903, Theodore Roosevelt, President of 
the United States, said: 

"I trust that Congress will continue to favor in all proper ways the 
Louisiana Purchase Exposition. This exposition commemorates the Lou- 
isiana Purchase, which was the first great step in the expansion which 
made us a continental nation. 

By the Governor.-^ _ 

From the biennial message of Leslie M. Shaw, Governor of Iowa, Jan- 
uary, 1902: 

"I am of the opinion that the people of this commonwealth will ap- 
prove such provision for the Louisiana Purchase Centennial Exposition 
as will leave no doubt in the minds of visitors that Iowa constitutes an 
important part of that priceless acquisition. Something worthy of the 
state, or nothing, should be our motto. Certainly there ought not to be 
created a commission with such limited means to belie our prosperity and 
libel our resources." 

From the inaugural address of Albert B. Cummins, Governor of Iowa, 
January 16, 1902: 

"There will occur next year at St. Louis the celebration of an event 
of greater significance to the people of Iowa than any other in the history 
of America. * * * we may not be able to pass into the treasury the 
dividends which will, from time to time, be declared upon the investment 
we make in this memorial; but I am sure that abundant returns will 
come to us in a more devoted and enlightened citizenship, and in a truer 
conception of the greatness and growth of our splendid commonwealth." 



OFFICIAL UTTERANCES. 37 

From the biennial message of Albert B. Cummins, Governor of Iowa, 
January, 1904: 

"The work of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission is fairly 
under way. Our state building is practically complete, and will not suffer 
in comparison with any other. Under the law creating" the Commission 
and making the appropriation, one-half of the sum appropriated is not 
payable until June 30, 1904. The exposition begins May 1, 1904, and it 
is clear that the fund is needed between now and the opening. I there- 
fore recommend that the law be amended so as to enable the last half of 
the appropriation to be drawn whenever required by the needs of the 
Commission. 

"I am advised that the members of the Commission believe that an 
additional appropriation ought to be made. Upon this phase of the mat- 
ter my information is not sufficiently definite to warrant specific recom-; 
mendation. I can only repeat what I have so often said respecting the 
importance of the occasion. It is obvious that the Commission should 
know at once what sum is to be expended." 

By Political Parties. 

From the Democratic state platform, adopted June 24, 1903: 

"We point with pride to the 100th anniversary of the achievement of 
that great diplomat and democratic statesman, Thomas Jefferson, under 
whose administration the Louisiana territory, of which Iowa was a part, 
was secured from a foreign power in a peaceful and civilized way, without 
the loss of life, yet with the consent of the governed. In the great expo- 
sition to be held at St. Louis in 1904, to properly commemorate this event, 
the people of Iowa should take a prominent part and make a creditable 
exhibit of the products of the soil and the work of the crafts." 

From the Republican state platform, adopted July 1, 1903: 

"Believing, with the late President McKinley, in his last public ut- 
terance, that 'expositions are the time-keepers of progress,' we take pride 
in endorsing the exposition to be held at St. Louis in 1904, celebrating; 
the Louisiana Purchase, and approve of the liberal appropriations there- 
for. We commend to the careful consideration of the General Assembly 
of the state the needs of Iowa in making a creditable exhibit." 

By the Press Associations. 

The Iowa Press Association, at a meeting held April 12, 1903, adopted 
the following: 

"Be It Resolved, That we extend to the managers of the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition and to the Iowa Commission, through its secretary , 
F. R. Conaway, our congratulations at the public interest that is being- 
taken in the centennial celebration of the acquisition of a great territory, 
the promise present conditions give to it of unparalleled success, and wc 
pledge ourselves to aid in every possible way in bringing to its highest 
perfection this marvelous exhibition of a nation's greatness." 

The Upper Des Moines Editorial Association, which held its winter 
meeting at Fort Dodge, on February 6, 1903, passed strong resolutions In 
favor of liberal appropriations by the Iowa General Assembly for the sup- 
port and maintenance of exhibits in every department of Iowa's industries 
and expressed its approval of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 

The Northeastern Iowa editors, at a meeting held at Osage, February 
20, 1903, endorsed the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and promised the 
support of all newspapers in that district to assist in every way possible 



38 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

the Iowa Commission charged with the responsibility of collecting and 
maintaining exhibits in all lines at the exposition. 

By Industrial Organizations. 

The Commercial Exchange of Des Moines, at their annual meeting, 
December 4, 1902, passed the following resolution regarding the exposi- 
tion: 

"Resolved, by the Commercial Exchange of the city of Des Moines, 
at their annual meeting, that we look with favor upon Iowa making an 
extensive manufacturing exhibit at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
at St. Louis in 1904, with the object in view of showing up the boundless 
resources for manufacturing, Iowa's many and superior advantages in a 
commercial way, her transportation facilities, her markets and her un- 
limited coal supply; that the finished products of Iowa from packing 
houses, creameries, mills, foundries, machine shops and manufacturing 
establishments should be shown in such a way that the people of the world 
may learn of the greatness of the state and the possibilities for the in- 
vestment of capital with profit within her borders. 

"Resolved, That the Commercial Exchange organization be hereby 
tendered to the Iowa Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission, to be 
used in any way the Commission may see fit, to assist in promoting the 
collection of exhibits, facts and statistics concerning the same and its 
territory." 

The Iowa State Manufacturers Association, at the first annual meet- 
ing, held at Des Moines, August 27, 1903, adopted the following: 

"Resolved, That the Iowa State Manufacturers' Association gives its 
hearty approval to the plans of the Iowa Commission to the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition in urging the necessity of an exhibit in all lines of 
manufacturing at the World's Fair to be held at St. Louis in 1904, and we 
pledge our hearty support and co-operation in assisting the Iowa Com- 
mission and especially the Iowa department of manufactures and ma- 
chinery, under the direction of Commissioner S. M. Leach." 

At a meeting of the State Federation of Labor, held at Davenport, 
May 14, 1903, the following resolution was adopted: 

"Resolved, by the Iowa State Federation of Labor, That the thanks 
of this organization are due to the Iowa Commission of the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition for the recognition of Iowa and union labor in tlio 
construction of the Iowa Building at St. Louis, and their efforts to shov' 
up a creditable exhibit of Iowa's manufactories at the World's Fair. 

"Resolved, That the influence of the Iowa Federation of Labor be ex- 
tended to the Iowa Commission and that the officers and committees are 
hereby empowered to co-operate in securing an exhibit at St. Louis that 
will show the industrial progress of the state and the superior advantages 
offered for the investment of capital and the establishment of manufac- 
turing industries." 

By the Department of Agriculture. 

The Department of Agriculture for the state of Iowa co-operated of= 
ficially with the Iowa Commission. The president, Mr. W. W. Morrow, 
the vice president, Mr. C. E. Cameron, and the secretary, Mr. J. C. Simn- 
son, were selected as a special committee with power to act in conjunc- 
tion with the Commission in mailing an exhibit of the agricultural re- 
sources of the state. In his report to the Department of Agriculture, Sec 



OFFICIAL UTTERANCES. 39 

retary Simpson calls special attention To the importance of the agricul- 
turists of the slate making a creditable exhibit at the St. Louis Exposi- 
tion. 

By the Improved Stock Breeders. 

At the meeting of the Iowa Improved Stock Breeders Association, held 
at Newton, January 21, 1903, Hon. W. F. Harriman, Commissioner in 
charge of live stock, was selected as president of the association. The 
following resolutions were adopted: 

"Resolved, That we approve the action of the Commissioners of Iowa 
to the St. Louis Louisiana Purchase Exposition in their efforts to make a 
creditable showing for the state of Iowa, and hereby pledge them our sup- 
port, and will use all means at our command to assist in carrying out the 
same. 

"Resolved, That we favor a much larger appropriation by the legis- 
lature than has been made, in order that we make a showing in keeping 
with our position as compared with other states." 

By the State Dairymen. 

At a meeting of the Iowa State Dairy Association, held at Cedar Rap- 
ids, P^'ebruary 3, 4 and 5, 1903, a committee consisting of the president, 
Mr. S. B. Shilling, and State Dairy Commissioner H. R. Wright were se- 
lected to co-operate with the Iowa Commission. The following resolutions 
were adopted: 

"Resolved, That the Iowa Dairy Association urges upon the Iowa 
World's Fair Commission the importance of setting aside a fund sufficient 
to make a creditable exhibit of the dairy interests of this state at the 
Louisiana Purchase Exposition." 

The following resolution was adopted by the State Dairy Convention 
held at Waterloo, November 18-20, 1903: 

"Whereas, The state of Iowa occupies a prominent and conspicuous 
position in the galaxy of our Union, and the importance of her great and 
varied interests demand that she shall be second to none in the part she 
shall take in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, to the end that the just 
pride and ambition of her people be fully realized; therefore, be it 

"Resolved, That we earnestly urge the next General Assembly to 
make a ftill, liberal additional appropriation, to the end that the educa- 
tional, industrial and agricultural interests of this state may be fully rep- 
resented at the exposition, and that the Iowa Commission may not be 
embarrassed and hindered in their work." 

By the State Horticulturists. 

The State Horticultural Society, at their meeting in 1902, endorsed 
the exposition and recommended the selection of Silas Wilson for super- 
intendent of the horticulture exhibit. At their meeting, January, 1903, 
the president, M. J. Wragg, in his address urged the necessity of an elab- 
orate exhibit from Iowa. (Page 21, Trans. Iowa Hort. Soc, 1902.) 

By Iowa Educators. 

At the annual meeting of the State Teachers' Association, held at Des 
Moines. December 30, 1902 to January 2, 1903, State Superintendent R. C. 
Barrett, in his annual address, said: 

/'The influence of the Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago a decade 
ago, is gtill felt and noted in the schools of our state. I bespeak for the 



40 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Commissioners your co-operation in all their endeavors to make Iowa's 
exhibit among the first. Any exertions upon our part will be so much 
seed sown which in good time will bring forth bountiful harvests. Any 
half-heartedness on our part may mean failure, and in turn deepest hu- 
mility. Iowa, which was completely within the limits of the Louisiana 
Purchase, should endeavor to maintain her exalted position in the sister- 
hood of states at the coming exposition." 

The following resolution was adopted: 

"Resolved, That the teachers of this state are hereby urged to an act- 
ive interest in the great educational exhibit to be held at the St. Louis 
Exposition of 1904, and to a hearty co-operation with the committee ap- 
pointed by this association to assist the state department in organizing 
and arranging the school from this state." 

At the annual meeting held in December, 1903, the following resolu- 
tion was adopted: 

"Resolved, That we appreciate the efforts of the Iowa Louisiana Pur- 
chase Commission to provide for an exhibit of Iowa educational interests 
at the St. Louis Fair, and that we approve of the plans of the Commis- 
sioners and the superintendent of the Iowa educational exhibit in provid- 
ing for a suitable presentation of the educational work of the state at 
this great exposition. 

"Resolved, That it is our judgment that the state legislature should 
promptly provide a large appropriation of funds for the great cause at 
the exposition." 

An address was made by Frank J. Sessions, superintendent of the 
Iowa educational exhibit. (See Proc. 49th Session Iowa State Teachers' 
Assn., p. 31.) 

At a meeting of the State Library Association, held at Grinnell "in 
1903, a committee was named to co-operate with the educational depart- 
ment in making a showing of the library work of the state at the exposi- 
tion. 

By Other Organizations. 

The State Federation of Women's Clubs of Iowa, held in 1903, after 
endorsing the exposition, elected a committee~-to confer with the Commis- 
sion regarding the selection of an auxiliary committee to co-operate with 
the Iowa Commission in having representation from women as individuals 
and as clubs. 

At the annual meeting of the Brick and Tile Association, held at 
Ames in 1903, the organization endorsed the idea of making a showing 
of the brick and tile industry in the state of Iowa at the exposition and 
selected a committee to co-operate with the Iowa Commission. 



PRESIDENT FRANCiS' TRIBUTE TO IOWA. 



41 



Iowa at the World's Fair 



A TRIBUTE TO THE HAWKEYE STATE BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE 
LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION. 

Iowa was the first state to 
dedicate its building at the Louis- 
iana Purchase Exposition. This 
it did on November 14, 1903, five 
and one-half months before the 
opening of the World's Fair. The 
ceremonies on this occasion were 
in charge of Chairman W. W. Wit- 
mer and Secretary F. R. Conaway, 
representing the Executive and 
Press and Exploitation commit- 
tees of the Iowa Commission. The 
guests were the Southern Iowa 
Editorial Association and the ex- 
position officials. 

In his address upon this occa- 

PRES. DAVID R. FRANCIS, 

President of the Exposition Co. Former sion. President David Rowland 

Mayor of St. Louis, Governor of Missouri, _, . . , 

Member of President Cleveland's Cabinet. ^ ranciS saiQ : 




i 



"When St. Louis citizens sought for a method to celebrate 
the purchase of the Louisiana territory, it was an Iowa man, Mr. 
Frederick W. Lehmann, now an eminent attorney in St. Louis, 
who insisted and finally established the idea that an exposition 
should be the means employed to that end. 

"The congress which was held to discuss the plan, and which 
was attended by representatives appointed by the executives of 
all the states carved out of this territory, Avas presided over by 
an Iowa man, Lieutenant Governor J. C. Milliman, of Logan. 

"Iowa's Legislature was the first to memorialize and urge 
the national Congress to establish an exposition in commemora- 
tion of the Louisiana Purchase. 

"Iowa was among the first states to make an appropriation 
for an exhibit, and provide for representation at the exposition. 



42 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



iHSK 



r 



^ 



kUk 







"An Iowa Congressman, Hon. Joseph R. Lane, of the second 
district, introduced the bill in Congress authorizing the holding of 
the fair and making an appropriation for its establishment and 
support. 

"An Iowa man, the Speaker of the House, Colonel David B. 
Henderson, who heartily approved the measure, made it possible 
for the bill to go through the House. 

"An Iowa man, Senator William B. Allison, chairman of the 
Committee on Appropriations, and earnestly in favor of this cel- 
ebration, had charge of the measure in the Senate. 

"An Iowa man, Secretary of the Treasury Leslie M. Shaw, in- 
spected the fair and released the government appropriation, aftei^ 
first satisfying himself that St. Louis and the exposition manage- 
ment had fulfilled its obligations. 

"An Iowa man. Director of the Mints George E. Roberts, ha^i 
charge of the coinage of the exposition souvenir gold dollars and 
the souvenir medals. 

"An Iowa man. Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Robert 
Burns Armstrong, has immediate charge of government funds 
and of the customs department in connection with foreign ex- 
hibits. 

"An Iowa man, Mr. Robert Fullerton, has charge of the dis- 
bursements of the national fund for the exposition under the 
Treasury Department. 

"The Iowa State Building was the first state building con- 
tracted for and the application for a permit was made before our 
printed forms were issued, Iowa has building permit No. 1. 

"Governor Albert B. Cummins of Iowa was the first state of- 
ficial to drive the corner stake for a state building. May 2, 1903, 
after the lumber was on the ground and the contractors ready 
to proceed with their work. 

"The Iowa Building was the first to be completed and to fly 
the stars and stripes from the staff on its dome, these ceremonies 
occurring August 25, 1903, in charge of Commissioner Shepherd. 

"The Iowa Commission at this dedication of your state build- 
ing is the first to extend the hospitality of a commonwealth to 
the exposition officials and to its own people. I wish I were able 
Mr. Witmer, to give expression of my appreciation to you and to 
Mr. Conaway for what you have done for the exposition today. 



PRESIDENT FRANCIS' TRIBUTE TO IOWA. 43 

"An Iowa man, Secretary of Agricultnre James Wilson, pro- 

A) 

vides the scientific featnres In agriculture, fruit and grain grow- 




ing for the exposition in interior exhibits and landscape." 

President Francis, in an address made at the Iowa Building, October 
15. lv>04, 'celebrating Iowa Cities' Day, said: 

"To you, Governor Larrabee, and members of the Iowa Coni- 
mission, I desire now to extend my profound thanks for the im- 
portant part you have so cheerfully taken in this exposition. I 
want to say what I have said before in this beautiful building, 
that Iowa has been first in everything pertaining to the establishment and 
support of the exposition. 

"Your building and exhibits in the various palaces were among the 
few which were ready for visitors on the opening day. 

"When it was found an impossibility to finish the work on the great 
organ in Festival Hall in time for the first concerts as scheduled, it was 
you who came to our relief, generously tendering the use of the magnifi- 
cent organ, the gift of your illustrious president, ex-Governor Larrabee, 
which occupies such a prominent place in j^our building, furnishing con- 
certs every day, having been dedicated on the first Sunday, May 2d, and 
continuing every day without interruption up to this time, and I have no 
doubt will continue until the close of the fair. These concerts have given 
your state building a standing not reached by any other building save 
Festival Hall. You have not only provided for the entertainment of your 
visitors on week days, but yours has been the one building on the grounds 
where a service has been maintained every Sunday for those remaining- 
in the grounds during the period of the fair. 

"The doors of your building have been open from the first day of the 
fair, and the hospitality of your Commissioners and those in charge has 
not been excelled bj' any state, territorj'- or foreign nation. 

"Your hearty co-operation and readiness to do everything that would 
be of benefit to the fair has been a source of great inspiration to the ex- 
position management. 

"In grasping the meaning of a state building at a World's Fair and 
providing for the entertainment and comfort of the thousands of visitors 
who have been guests in your btiilding, yoti have brought Iowa into prom- 
inence throughout every nation on the globe. 

"This exposition is the world itself. When this great fair closes its 
doors, those who have been here in an official capacity, representing their 
people, or as sightseers, will scatter to the tittermost parts of the earth 
and will carry with them the impressions they received while here. 



44 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

"Iowa has certainly done h^r part well and I know it has not been 
done in vain. 

"I am sorry Governor Cummins is not here today; I would like to 
personally thank him for his generous support at all times. I ask you to 
convey my thanks to him, to the state officers, the members of your Gen- 
era.l Assembly, and to the people of Iowa for the important part each has 
taken in celebrating the greatest event in American history since the is- 
suance of the Declaration of Independence. 

"Iowa has had much to do with the great exposition now nearing its 
close. Instead of following, Iowa has at all times anticipated and led." 



Awards 

Iowa received from the Louisiana Purchase Exposition 13 grand 
prizes, 53 gold medals, 111 silver medals, 383 bronze medals, 263 premi- 
ums, 45 commemorative medals, making 560 diplomas, as follows: 

Education. — Three grand prizes, 12 gold medals, 7 silver medals, 7 
bronze medals. 

Historical. — One grand prize, 1 gold medal, 1 silver medal, 1 bronze 
medal. 

Dairy. — Five gold medals, 30 silver medals, 8 bronze medals. 

Apiary. — One silver medal. 

Agricuiture.^ — Three grand prizes, 13 gold medals, 11 silver medals, 23 
bronze medals. 

Horticulture. — Two grand prizes, 8 gold medals, 42 silver medals, 32 
bronze medals. 

IVIanufactures and Machinery. — Four grand prizes, 11 gold medals, 10 
silver medals, 4 bronze medals. 

Mines and Metallurgy. — Three gold medals, 9 silver medals, 8 bronze 
medals. 

Live Stock Premiums. — Sixty-four first, 57 second, 40 third, 31 fourth, 
42 fifth, 17 sixth, 10 seventh; $11,054 from the Exposition Company and 
$9,727.52 from the Iowa Coinmission. 

Dairy Cow Demonstration. — Second and tenth premiums. 

Individuals. — Forty-five commemorative diplomas and medals. 



SOME WORLD'S PAIR FIGURES. 



45 



Some World's Fair Figures 




'Oft -uMP: . 
,#^Sr '"HBP 




BY WALTER B. STEVENS, SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR OF EX- 
PLOITATION, LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION. 

During the one hundred and 
eighty-four days of the exposition's 
existence there passed through the 
turnstiles and were counted 19,694,- 
855 persons. These figures do not 
comprise the census of the exposi- 
tion's population. A site far ex- 
ceeding any preceding World's Fair 
encouraged conditions which were 
without precedent. A hotel within 
the grounds having hundreds of em- 
ployes and thousands of guests was 
one of the unusual features. The 
collection of Filipino villages and 
camps housed a permanent commu- 
nity equal to a small city. The col- 
onies of primitive people spread 
over many acres and numbered sev- 
eral hundreds of persons. Within 
their camps the British and Boers 
dwelt in harmony by night as well 
as by day. The Jefferson Guard and the Fire Department were intra- 
mural contingents having no occasion to pass the gates when off duty. 
Military camps and barracks accommodated visiting bodies numbering 
at times several thousand uniformed men. The Pike was an avenue of 
a mile on which communities from all parts of the world had their abia- 
ing places for the exposition period. There were other elements of this 
permanent population. Many of the buildings erected by foreign govern- 
ments, states and territories had their sleeping and living rooms as well 
as public accommodations. Commissioners, officers and employes seldom 
left the grounds. 

Financial results of this Universal Exposition were satisfactory. It 
has come to be the accepted condition of these enterprises that they do 
not return dividends in cash. Expositions are "Timekeepers of Progress," 
"Milestones of Civilization" — not money-makers. The capital invested 
looks to indirect but not to inadequate returns. If any exposition pays its 
way in operation, makes to the greatest good of the greatest number, then 
the individual, the corporation, the municipality, the government, consid- 
er the trial balance satisfactory. So judged, the Universal Exposition of 
1904 passes into history as having been eminently successful. 



W. B. STEVENS, 
Secretary Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 



46 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

The capital was $15,000,000, contributed in thirds by the United States 
government, by the municipality of St. Louis and by individual and cor- 
poration stockholders forming the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Com- 
pany. This capital was invested permanently. It was the endowment of 
a great institution for the public benefit. 

The revenue from various sources amounted to $11,500,000, the chief 
of these yielding as follows: 

Admission collections $ 6,250,000 

Concession collections 3,000,000 

Intramural Railroad fares 627,473 

Service, power and light receipts 600,000 

Interest on deposits 125,000 

Transportation department collections 165,000 

Music department receipts 82,871 

Premiums on souvenir coins 67,000 

The expenditures of the management to the close of the exposition 
aggregated $25,000,000, leaving a surplus sufficient to meet the necessities 
of the post-exposition period, economically administered. The principal 
<3isbursements were classified as follows: 

Construction, grounds and buildings $17,177,864 

Maintenance and rents 1,729,249 

Division of exhibits 2,086,580 

Division of exploitation 1,305,792 

Protection, police, fire, insurance 1,014,220 

Division of concessions and admissions 544,650 

Executive and administrative 402,441 

Division of transportation 260,446 

Four-fifths of the expenditures of the exposition were for the build- 
ings and grounds. Of the $11,000,000 earned, the sum of $9,500,00 was 
from admissions and concessions. The cost of the collection of this reve- 
nue barely exceeded $500,000. The handling of the revenues was a model 
in methods of economy and exactness for all expositions to come. 

This financial showing does not take into consideration one of the 
largest items of receipts and of corresponding outgo. To the receipts 
should be added a loan of $4,600,000 by the United States government ad- 
vanced in addition to the original $5,000,000 appropriated. To the dis- 
iDursements must be added the return of this exact amount to the govern- 
ment from the revenues of the exposition period in strict compliance with 
the letter and spirit of the act of Congress. 

Expansion of the United States found expression in participation by 
lorty-three states, by five territories and by all territorial possessions save 
Hawaii. This participation cost $9,346,677. Ten years ago forty-one 
states and two territories expended on a World's Pair $5,539,428, and the 
United States was proud of the showing. 

Respect for a world power showed itself in the presence at this ex- 
position of sixty-two foreign nations and colonies, and in the expenditure 
of $8,134,500. This expenditure does not take into consideration that of 
private exhibitors from foreign countries, but only the amounts expended 
by the foreign governments. At Chicago, in 1893, were represented forty- 
five foreign nations and colonies by expenditures aggregating $5,982,894. 
Paris, in 1900, did not approach this degree of universality. 



SOME WORLD'S FAIR FIGURES. 47 

The appropriations made by the national governmeni for this expo- 
sition were far in excess of those made for any previous exposition, as 
shown by the following statement: 

Act June 6, 1900, expenses of the l^ouisiana Purchase 

Exposition Commission $ 10,000 

Act March 3, 1901, aid to exposition 5,000,000 

Government building 250,000 

Act June 28, 1902, government building 200,000 

Government exhibit 800,000 

Life-saving exhibit 8,000 

Indian exhibit 40,000 

Act March 3, 1903, agricultural exhibit 100,000 

Alaska exhibit 50,000 

Indian Territory exhibit 25,000 

Act March 3, 1903, expenses of congressional commit- 
tees at dedication and opening 11,000 

Act February 18, 1904, loan, reimbursable 4,600,000 

Testing fuel 60,000 

Act April 21, 1904, Indian exhibit 25,000 

Total $11,179,000 

The money expended on the Philippine exhibit was entirely apart 
from the appropriation by the national government. It was $1,306,000, of 
which the exposition company contributed $200,000. The Philippine Ex- 
position Board received from its own concessions and various sources of 
revenue in connection with the exhibit over $300,000; so that the net 
amount expended by the Philippine government was about $700,000. 

The investment in concession features on the Pike and elsewhere 
within the grounds was $4,500,000. The revenues in the aggregate from 
these features were about $11,000,000, of which the Exposition Company's 
share was $3,000,000. 

Note. — Information concerning the participation of the states is given 
in the address of Charles M. Reeves, chief of the department, under the 
head of Executive Commissioners' Association. 



By direction of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company a com- 
memorative diploma and a commemorative medal have been conferred 
upon the president and members of the Iowa Commission, the secretary, 
hostess, members of the Woman's Auxiliary Committee and the superin- 
tendents of the Iowa exhibits. 

The police department of St. Louis report that in policing the 19,000,- 
000 people who attended the World's Fair it was necessary to arrest only 
1,439 of them. Of this number the policemen arrested 849, the Jefferson 
Guards 329, and the detectives 261. It is stated by Chief Desmond as a 
conservative estimate that the aggregate value of all robberies reported 
to the police headquarters during the seven months of the World's Fair 
will not exceed $3,000. The detailed report of arrests is as follows: As- 
sault to kill, 11; burglary and larceny, 5; disturbing the peace, 421; drunk, 
173; embezzlement, 2; grand larceny, 28; highway robbery, 4; murder, 
first degree, 5; murder, second degree, 1; petty larceny, 60; robbery, first 
degree, 4; rape, 2; counterfeiters, 2; arson, 1; various minor offenses, 720. 



DEPARTMENTS AND EMPLOYES. 49 



Departments and Employes 



William Larrabee, President Clermont 

W. F. Harriman, Vice President Hampton 

S. M. Leach, Treasurer Adel 

W. W. Witmer, Chairman Executive and Press and Exploitation Com- 
mittees Des Moines 

F. R. Conaway, Secretary Des Moines 

DEPARTMENTS. 

Live Stock. — W. F. Harriman, Commissioner, Hampton; E. H. White, 
Superintendent, Estherville. Exhibit in Live Stock Pavilions. 

Anthropology and Historical. — Thomas Updegraff, Commissioner, Mc 
Gregor, assisted by Charles Aldrich and Prof. C. A. Cumming, Des Moines. 
Exhibit in Anthropology Building. 

Educational, Social Economy, Physical Culture and Liberal Arts. — 
James H. Trewin, Commissioner, Cedar Rapids; F. J. Sessions, Superin- 
tendent, Davenport, succeeded by Charles M. Sessions, Davenport. Ex- 
hibits in Block 1, Aisle B, Palace of Education. 

Mines, Metallurgy and Geology. — S. S. Carruthers, Commissioner, 

Bloomfield; C. B. Piatt, Superintendent, Van Meter, succeeded by John 

M. Palmer, Mt. Pleasant. Exhibits in Block 51, Mines and Metallurgy 
Building. 

Manufactures. — S. M. Leach, Commissioner, Adel; A. C. Hutchins, Su- 
perintendent, Adel, succeeded by John M. Palmer, Mt. Pleasant. Exhibits 
in Block 2-A, Manufactures Building. 

Horticulture. — Dr. S. Bailey, Commissioner, Mt. Ayr; Silas Wilson, 
Superintendent, Atlantic; J. W. Murphy, Director, Glenwood; C. O. Gar- 
rett, Assistant Superintendent, Hastie. Exhibits in Space 7, Palace ot 
Horticulture. 

Dairy. — C. J. A. Ericson, Commissioner, Boone, assisted by S. B. Shil- 
ling, Mason City, Prof. G. 1^. McKay of Ames and H. R. Wright of Des 
Moines. Exhibits in Dairy Department, Palace of Agriculture. 

Agriculture. — Will C. Whiting, Commissioner, Whiting; George S. 
forest. Superintendent, Iowa Falls, succeeded by L. G. Clute, Manchester; 
E. S. Fursman, Decorator. Assistants in Installation, Agriculture — Hazel 
Forest, Agriculture Booth, Miles; Lucile Forest, Agriculture Booth, Miles; 
Lew Hethershaw^ Agriculture Booth, Des Moines; John Hethershaw, Ag- 
riculture Booth, Des Moines; A. L. Plummer,, Agriculture Booth, Ivy, 
Lettie Van Meter, Agriculture Booth, Miles. 

Apiary. — C. J. A. Ericson, Commissioner, Boone; L. G. Clute, Super- 
intendent, Manchester. Exhibit in Palace of Horticulture. 



50 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Woman's Work. — George M. Curtis, Commissioner, Clinton; Auxiliary 
Oommittee — Mrs. W. H. Baily, Chairman, Des Moines; Mrs. H. J. Howe, 
Vice Chairman, Marshalltown; Mrs. H. E. Deemer, Secretary, Red Oak. 

CONSTRUCTION OF THE IOWA STATE BUILDING. 

W. T. Shepherd, Commissioner Superintendent of Construction 

Leroy A. Palmer, Commissioner. . .Superintendent of Art and Decorations 
Proudfoot & Bird, Des Moines Architects 

E. W. Nichols & Co., Des Moines Building Contractors 

L. H. Kutrz, Des Moines Plumbing Contractor 

W. G. Andrews, Clinton Decoration Contractor 

M. P. Moller Organ Building Contract with President Larrabee 

L. Harbach and Harbach-Harris Co., Des Moines. . .Furniture Contractors 

G. S. Page, Des Moines Fire Extinguishers Contract 

Mitchell- Vance Co. of New York Light Fixtures Contract 

Theodore Thorwegian, St. r.ouis Landscape Contract 

J. O. Wickersham, Harlan Assistant Superintendent of Construction 

John Stohlberg, Creston Carpenter 

Iowa Board of Control of State Institutions Legatees 

IOWA STATE BUILDING. 

William Larrabee, Clermont President 

F. R. Conaway, Des Moines Secretary and Custodian 

Mrs. F. R. Conaway, Des Moines Hostess 

Mrs. J. L. Wallingford, Des Moines Assistant Secretary 

Mason Slade, Des Moines Organis*: 

Miss Anna Larrabee, Clermont Assistant Organist 

Robert B. Pike, Whiting Stenographer, April 30 to Sept. 17, 1904 

Robert L. Leach, Adel Clerk, April 30 to June 8, 1904 

David G. Keith, Goldfield Clerk, April 30 to July 9, 1904 

Arthur W. Crane, Bouton Clerk, Sept. 10 to Dec. 3, 1904 

L. B. Kettering, De Witt . .Check Room Clerk, April 29 to June 4, 1904 

}'\ H. Adams, Audubon Bookkeeper, July 9 to Sept. 10. 1904 

G. S. Perry, Des Moines Watchman, April to December, 1904 

James F. Stapiey, Marshalltown. .Asst. Watchman, April 2 to June 11, 1904 

Henry Gross, Farnhamville Asst. Watchman, June 11 to Dec. 3, 1904 

Ida Johnson, Dayton Housekeeper 

Assistants. 

John Fredericks April to December 

Morris Mills April to December 

Mrs. Mary Spencer April to December 

Georgia Mackey May to December 

Lena Malm April 29 to May 21 

Michael Morrissey Sept. 10 to Nov. 7 



MINUTES OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 51 



Synopsis of the Proceedings of the Commission 



ORGANIZATION OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 

Capitol Building, Des Moines, Iowa, 
Governor's Rooms, July 1, 1902, 10 a. m. 

Organization. — Pursuant to call of Hon. A, B. Cummins, Governor of 
Iowa, the Commissioners appointed to represent the state of Iowa at the 
Louisiana Purchase Exposition to be held at St. Louis in 1904, as pro- 
vided for in chapter 195, acts of the Twenty-ninth General Assembly, the 
following members responded to roll call: 

Commissioners at Large — William Larrabee, Clermont, Fayette 
County; W. W. Witmer, Des Moines, Polk County. District Commission- 
ers — First District, Leroy A, Palmer, Mt. Pleasant, Henry County; Second 
District, Geo. M. Curtis, Clinton, Clinton County; Third District, W. F. 
Harriman, Hampton, Franklin County; Fourth District, Thos. Updegraff, 
McGregor, Clayton County; Fifth District, Jas. H. Trewin, Cedar Rapids, 
Linn County; Sixth District, Samuel S. Carruthers, Bloomfield, Davis 
County; Seventh District, S. M. Leach, Adel, Dallas County; Eighth Dis- 
trict, *P. L. Prentis, M. D., Delphos, Ringgold County; Ninth District, W. 
T. Shepherd, Harlan, Shelby County; Tenth District, C. J. A. Ericson, 
Boone, Boone County; Eleventh District, Will C. Whiting, Whiting, Mo- 
nona County. 

Commissioner William Larrabee was unanimously elected temporary 
chairman. 

Commissioner Shepherd was elected temporary secretarj^. 

Chapter 195, acts of the Twenty-ninth General Assembly, authorizing 
and defining the powers of the Commission, was read for information. 

Commissioner Leach read the report of the Preliminary Commission 
and a summary of the cost of the Iowa exhibits at Chicago and Omaha, 
as well as an estimate of the probable cost of the one to be held at St. 
Louis. 

Commissioner Larrabee was unanimously elected president of the 
Commission. 

Commisioner Shepherd was continued as secretary until further ac- 
tion should be taken. 

On motion, the selection of further officers for the Commission was 
deferred. 

Governor Cummins then addressed the Commission and gave his 
ideas in general as to the duties of the Commission, as well as numerous 
other items of information concerning affairs at St. Louis. 



Savery House, 2 p. m. 

President Larrabee in the chair. 

Site. — On motion it was decided that the entire Commission visit 
St. Louis to locate site for the Iowa Building. 

The secretary was instructed to invite Governor Cummins to accom- 
pany the Commission to St. Louis. 

Rules. — On motion of Commissioner Carruthers, the president was in- 
structed to appoint a committee to formulate rules and to define the duties 
of officers. Committee — Commissioners Carruthers, Harriman and Witmer. 

*Resigned to accept government position and S. Bailey, M. D., of Mt 
Ayr appointed by Governor Cummins, December 18, 1902, to succeed him. 



52 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



ADJOURNED MEETING OF COMMISSION. 

Administration Building, St. Louis, July 17, 1902. 
President Larrabee in the chair. Present — Commissioners Palmer, 
Leach, Trewin, Prentis, Carruthers, Updegraff, Whiting, Shepherd and 
Harriman. 




From World's Fair Bulletin, August, 1902. 

IOWA COMMISSION AT ST. LOUIS, JULY 17, 1802. 
Commissioners Trewin, Palmer, Harriman, Whiting-, Larrabee, Prentis, Shepherd, Leach, Updegraff, Carruthers. 



Exhibits. — Director Frederick J. V. Skiff appeared and asked the priv- 
ilege of having his chiefs confer with the Commission. Request granted. 

Howard J. Rogers, chief of the Educational Department, suggested 
that a strong showing should be made of Iowa's educational, reformatory 
and eleemonsynary institutions, from both a moral and physical stand- 
point, including legislation, equipment and results. He suggested $10,000 
as the proper sum for the above purposes. 

Chief F. W. Taylor of the Agricultural Department and Horticultural 
Department, suggested that an exhibit of each grain should be made sep- 
arately, showing every variety raised and all products derived therefrom: 
that Iowa should use 40 per cent of exploiting funds for agriculture and 
30 per cent for horticulture. 

Chief J. A. Holmes, of the Mines and Metallurgy Department, sug- 
gested that samples of coal be shown as well as models of topography 
that should show clays, stone, gypsum, etc. 

Chief Tarleton H. Bean, of the Fish, Game and Forestry Department, 
suggested exhibits of maps of forests of the state, reforestration, if any, 
effect on agriculture, water courses, maps of water courses with exhibit 
of fish in them, game and stuffed specimens. 

Site. — The Commission made a tour of the grounds, inspecting the 
several locations suggested by President Francis and Chief Reeves for 
a suitable site for the Iowa Building. 



MINUTES OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 53 

- Planters' Hotel, St. Louis, Mo., July 18, 1902. 

President Larrabee in the chair. 

Plans. — The president appointed the following committee for the pur- 
pose of getting preliminary plans for the building: Commissioners Tre- 
win. Leach, Palmer, Prentis and Witmer. 

On motion it was decided that these preliminary plans be called for 
on a basis of $50,000. 




From World's Fair Bulletin, August, 1902. 
COMMISSION LOCATES IOWA SITE. 
Front seat. President Larrabee; second seat. Judg-e Carruthers. Chief Reeves, Coni'rs Shepherd, Whiting: 
third seat, Com'rs Harriman, Prentis, Palmer; back seat, Com'rs Leach, Trewin, Updeg-raff . 



CALLED MEETING OF COMMISSION. 

Capitol Building, Des Moines, 
Committee Room No. 22, Oct. 7, 1902. 

President Larrabee in the chair. Present — Commissioners Prentis, 
Witmer, Whiting, Trewin, Leach, Harriman, Curtis and Shepherd. 

Site. — President Larrabee, who, with Commissioner Palmer, repre- 
sented the Commission, reported on site assigned at St. Louis, submitting 
chart showing same. 

On motion of Commissioner Trewin, the salary of the secretary was 
fixed at the rate of $1,500 a year until otherwise ordered and it was de- 
cided that all employes of the Commission should hold their positions at 
the pleasure of the Commission. 

Officers Elected. — The Commission then proceeded to elect officers. 
F. R. Conaway was elected secretary on the second ballot. S. M. Leacli 
was elected treasurer by acclamation. W. F. Harriman was elected vice 
president by acclamation. 



Afternoon Session, Savery House, 2 p. m. 
Freeman R, Conaway was sworn in as secretary before Howard J. 
Clark, notary public, and assumed the office. 



54 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

A vote of thanks was extended to Commissioner W. T, Shepherd for 
his very generous services as secretary during the temporary organiza- 
tion of the Commission. 

Plans. — Proudfoot & Bird, of Des Moines, and Dieman & Piske, of 
Cedar Rapids, presented proposed plans for the Iowa Building. 

The secretary was instructed to issue a circular leter to the archi- 
tects of the state, asking them to present plans to this Commission on or 
before December 2d. 

Executive Committee. — The president announced the following exec- 
utive committee: Commissioners Witmer, chairman. Leach, Palmer, Tre- 
win and Curtis. 

Office. — The matter of the secretary's rooms at the state house was 
referred to the chairman of the executive committee, vice president and 
secretary. 

Rules. — ^The president added Commissioners Palmer and Trewin to 
the committee on rules. 



Evening Session, Grant Club Rooms, 7:30 p. m. 

President Larrabee in the chair. 

Rules. — Commissioner Trewin, from the committee on rules, submit- 
ted their report and the same was adopted. (See Rules.) 

Exploitation. — The secretary was instructed to secure lists of persons 
in the state of Iowa who would be interested in making an exhibit at the 
exposition; of firms or corporations engaged in manufacturing; miners 
and mine operators, prominent educators, prominent farmers, dairymen, 
fine stock raisers, horticulturists, brick and clay manufacturers, artists, 
women's clubs, libraries, and all other such persons or institutions from 
whom exhibits would be desirable; to secure reports from the govern- 
ment of expositions held and from states similarly situated as Iowa which 
have made exhibits at expositions recently held. 

Auxiliary. — Commissioner Curtis moved that the Commission approve 
of a ladies' auxiliary to the Iowa Commission to the Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition and that measures be adopted to organize such a movement. 
Adopted. 

Bonds. — A committee consisting of the president, Commissioners Wit- 
mer and Leach was appointed to negotiate for the bonds of the treasurer 
and secretary on the best terms obtained, approve the bond of the secre- 
tary and present the bond of the treasurer to the Executive Council for 
its approval, as provided bj' law. 

Division of Work. — Commissioner Harriman gave notice that at the 
next meeting he would make a motion contemplating the assignment of 
the several departments of exhibits to the Commissioners, so that a di- 
vision of the work would be made and each member be given a special 
duty to perform. 



CALLED MEETING OF COMMITTEE ON PLANS. 

Secretary's Office, Des Moines, Nov. 11, 1902, 2 p. m. 

Chairman Witmer, of the executive committee, presiding. Present — 
Commissioners Leach, Palmer, Prentis and Witmer. 

Plans. — Communications were read from Commissioners, a majority 
of whom favored calling a meeting of the building committee for the pur- 
pose of outlining general plans for architects to follow. Communications 
were read from a number of architects asking for further information and 
making suggestions which they thought the Commission should follow. 

An outline plan for the Iowa Building was formulated and submitted 
to the following named architects who were present: John Spencer, Du- 
buque; Wilfred W. Beach, Sioux City; C. E. Edwins, Boone; Wm. T. 



p.. ..■.■.-■-■-.-^■■.»:.>-^...-,<->.-. -^-.-> m^-,.- 




IOWA STATE INSTITUTIONS. 



Copyrighted 1904, Iowa Pub. Co., 
Davenport, used by permission. 



Industrial School for Boys, Eldora; Institution for Feeble Minded, Glenwood; Institution for Insane. Mt. 
Pleasant: Penitentiary, Ft. Madison; Institution for Insane, Cherokee; School for Deaf and Dumb. Council 

Bluff>. 



56 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Proudfoot of Proudfoot & Bird, E. F. Rasmiissen of Liebbe, Nourse & Ras- 
mussen, A. J. Gage of Smith & Gage, and W. C. Barton of Des Moines. 

A revision of the plan was made, which was unanimously accepted, 
approved and adopted by the committee and architects, as follows: 

Ground room for building to be about 100x125 fest; no walks or fur- 
niture to be included in estimate; figure on temporary building, made of 
wood and staff; style of architecture to be left to the judgment of archi- 
tects; two stories high; rooms in attic may be used if necessary; dome or 
tower or not, in judgment of architect; porches on liberal scale, to har- 
monize with building, on both sides and ends; four finished sides; main 
front to north; cost of building, exclusive of furniture and sidewalks, to 
not exceed $44,000. Rooms on the first floor — Ample rotunda or parlors, 
so located and constructed as to be used for general assembly rooms when 
desired; check room; custodian's office; bureau of information and post 
office; toilet rooms; two secretary's rooms, front and rear room; arrange 
for storage room. Rooms on second floor — Two large rooms, a ladies' 
parlor a,nd a gentlemen's parlor, also to be used for exhibition rooms; re- 
tiring or toilet rooms (two) ; reading rooms; press rooms; Commissioners' 
and employes rooms. 

Plans and elevations submitted to be in black and white and drawn 
to a scale of one-eighth of an inch to the foot; rendering of perspective 
optional with the architect. 

Compensation to Architects. — To, the architect whose plans shall be 
accepted by the Commission, the following shall be paid: Three per cent 
on total cost of building, which shall be estimated on the total sum of not 
to exceed $44,000. This shall include plans, designs, elevations, details, 
working drawings, specifications in full detail, and advice in office or by 
correspondence, and all necessary copies of same, and make all amended 
drawings, designs, elevations, details and plans which are reasonably re- 
quired in the construction, and to furnish to the builder or superintendent 
such writen explanations of the plans, drawings and specifications as may 
be required by him. Ten dollars ($10) per day and actual necessary ex- 
penses for trips to St. Louis or elsewhere. 

Interior of Building. — Design of interior to show the general scheme 
of plastic ornamentation and panels for mural or other flat decorations. 

The architects asked for further time in which to prepare their plans, 
stating that the time now given would be insufficient to allow them an 
opportunity to complete in the time allowed. 

Upon motion of Commissioner Leach the building committee decided 
to ask that the meeting on December 3d, provided by the rules, be post- 
poned, and that President Larrabee be requested to empower the secre- 
tary to call a special meeting for Thursday, December 18th, at 9 o'clock 
a. m., for the purpose of inspecting plans, hearing oral arguments by the 
authors, and to transact any other business that may come before the 
Commission. 

Upon motion of Commissioner Prentis the secretary was instructed 
to send a copy of the instructions to all architects in Iowa who had ex- 
pressed a willingness to enter the competition. 



MEETING OP EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Savery House Club Rooms, Des Moines, 

November 11, 1902, 7:30 p. m. 

Chairman Witmer presiding. Present — Commissioners Leach and 
Palmer. 

The recommendation of the committee on plans, asking that the reg 
ular meeting of the Commission, as provided for in the rules, December 
3d, be postponed, was taken up for consideration. 

Commissioner Leach moved that each Commissioner be notified of 
this action and that the president be requested to empower the secretary 
to call a special meeting for Thursday, December 18th, at 9 o'clock a. m 
Adopted. 




IOWA STATE INSTITUTIONS. 



Copyrighted 1904, Iowa Pub. Co., 
Davenport, used by permission. 



Soldiers' Home, Marshalltown; Penitentiary, Anamosa; College for Blind, Vinton: Soldiers' Orphan 
Home, Davenport; Industrial School for Girls, Mitchellville: Institution for Insane, Independence; Institu- 
tion for Insane, Clarinda. 



58 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



REGULAR MEETING OP COMMISSION. 
Secretary's OfRce, State House, Des Moines, Dec. 3, 1902. 
Present Commissioner Witmer and the secretary. 
Letters were read from all of the Commissioners favoring the ad- 
journment of the regular meeting until Thursday, December 18th. By 
unanimous consent and at the request of the president, the regular meet- 
ing to be held on December 3d was adjourned until Thursday, December 
18th, at 10 o'clock a. m. 



ADJOURNED AND SPECIAL MEETING OF COMMISSION. 

Speaker's Rooms, State House, Des Moines, 

Thursday, Dec. 18, 1902, 10 a. m. 
President Larrabee in the chair. Present — Commisssioners Witmer, 
Palmer, Curtis, Harriraan, Updegraff, Carruthers, Leach, Shepherd, Eric- 
son and Whiting. 

Commissioner Prentis Resigns. — The following letter from Commis- 
sioner Prentis was read: 

" Des Moines, Iowa, Dec. 15, 1902. 
"Mr. F. R. Conaway, Secretary, Des Moines, Iowa. 

"Dear Sir — Having accepted a position offered me by the government, 
and being asked to report for duty at once, I find it difficult to attend the 

meeting of the St. Louis Commis- 
sion on the 18th inst. I have there- 
. ,,-,, ■ . . fore tendered to the Governor my 

■ '■/■■'^iv- ■"{ resignation, and take pleasure in 

commending to the Commission my 
successor. Dr. S. Bailey, as a very 
worthy gentleman, with whom they 
will be glad to associate. I regret 
exceedingly to be compelled this 
early in the work of the Commis- 
sion to sever a relationship that has 
been so friendly and agreeable. For 
many years have I had a sincere ad- 
miration for the several members of 
the Commission with whom I had 
been acquainted, and the new ac- 
quaintances formed have ripened in- 
to a friendship which shall never be 
forgotten. I thank each and all for 
the kind and courteous treatment 
that has been accorded me at all 
times and wish for the Commission 
a successful culmination of the 
important work in which it is en- 
gaged. 

"P. L. PRENTIS." 





•=COMK. P. L. PRENTIS. M. D., Delphos, 
Resigned Dec. 18. 1901. 



*P. L. Prentis, M. D., Delphos, physician and surgeon, was born July 
28, 1870, in Miama County, Indiana, and came to Iowa in 1880. He grad- 
uated from the Befford, Ohio, high school in 1888, from the Euclid Busi- 
ness College at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1890, and from the University of Med- 
icine and Surgery in 1893. He located at once in the practice at Delphos, 
Ringgold County, Iowa. Dr. Prentis was married April 4, 1894, to Miss 
Anna Pfeffer. He was elected to the Twenty-sixth General Assembly and 
re-elected to the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth respectively. He was 
appointed a member of the Iowa Commission to the Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition, and upon its organization was appointed a member of the 
building committee, but, owing to his appointment to a government posi- 
tion as medical inspector in the immigration service, he resigned Decem- 
ber 18, 1902, the vacancy being filled by the appointment of Dr. S. Bailey. 



MINUTES OP THE IOWA COMMISSION. 59 

Upon motion of Commissioner Shepherd the Commission gave expres- 
sion to its appreciation of the active work of Dr. Prentis, hoping for him 
the fullest measure of prosperity and happiness in his new field of labor. 

Dr. Bailey Appointed. — Mr. John Briar, private secretary to Governor 
Cummins appeared and presented the credentials of Dr. S. Bailey of Mt. 
Ayr, Ringgold County, appointed by the Governor to fill the vacancy 
caused by the resignation of Commissioner Prentis. Commissioner Bailey 
was introduced and assumed the position of Commissioner for the Eighth 
District. 

Minutes of the regular meetings of October 7th and December 3d 
were read and approved. 

Office. — Chairman Witmer reported that in company with Vice Presi- 
dent Harriman and Secretary Conaway, the special committee appointed 
to secure a secretary's office for the Commission, he had visited the state 
house October 8th and had been tendered the front ofllce of the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture by the executive committee of that department, auvl 
that the Governor and the Executive Council had approved the selection 
whereupon the office had been established. 

Auditing Committee. — The president appointed Commissioners Shep- 
herd, Carruthers and Harriman as an auditing committee. 

The Commission then proceeded to the consideration of architects' 
plans. 



Afternoon Session, 2:30 p. m. 
The Commission resumed consideration of architects' plans. 



Evening Session, Savery House Club Rooms, 7:30 p. m. 

The minutes of the meeting of the committee on plans, held Novem- 
ber 11th. were approved. 

The minutes of the meeting of the executive committee held Novem- 
ber 11th, were approved. 

The secretary read his report of the transactions in his office from 
October 7th. the date of his election. 



Friday, Dec. 19, 1902, 8:30 a. m. 

President Larrabee in the chair. 

Division of Work. — Commissioner Harriman offered the following mo- 
tion: "I move that a committee of three be appointed by the chair to re- 
port to the Commission on assignment of the exhibit work of the Commis- 
sion to individual members thereof under the head of departments." The 
president appointed Commissioners Harriman, Shepherd and Leach as 
such committee. 

The Commission resumed the consideration of architects plans. 



Afternoon Session, 1:30 p. m. 

Division of Work. — Commissioner Harriman, chairman of the special 
committee on assignments, made the following report: 

"Mr. President — Your committee to whom was assigned the matter of 
arranging for a division of the work and making assignments to the sev- 
eral commissioners beg leave to report the following: 

"Live Stock, W. F. Harriman; Agriculture, Will C. Whiting; Dairy 
and Apiary, C. J. A. Ericson; Horticulture, Dr. S. Bailey; Mines, Metal- 
lurgy and Geology, S. S. Carruthers; Manufacturing, Machinery, Trans- 
portation and Electrical Exhibits, S. M. Leach; Education, Social Econ- 
omy, Physical Culture and Liberal Arts, James H. Trewin; Fine Arts, Le- 
roy A. Palmer; Woman's Work, George M. Curtis; Forestry, Lumber, Fish 



60 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

and Game, W. T. Shepherd; Press and Exploitation, W. W. Witmer; State 
Institutions, Wm. Larrabee; Anthropology and Historical, Thomas Up- 
degraiT. 

"Your committee further recommends that the secretary be requested 
to classify and forward to each Commissioner matters and correspondence 
relating to the department to which he has been assigned." 

The report was adopted. 

Rules. — Commissioner Updegraff moved to strike out of Rule 8, relat- 
ing to the powers of the executive committee, the following, "and shall 
have general charge and supervision of the work of the Commission.'* 
(See Rule 8 (a).) Adopted, all members present voting in the affirmative- 
Bonds. — Commissioner Witmer, chairman of the executive committee, 
presented the bond of the secretary with his approval. Report adopted 
and the bond ordered placed in the custody of Chairman Witmer, 

Architects. — The Commission, on motion of Commissioner Curtis, pro- 
ceeded to ballot for the selection of an architect. Proudfoot & Bird were 
elected architects. 

President Larrabee stated that the thanks of the Commission were 
certainly due to all the architects who had devoted their time and talents 
in preparing such an elaborate display of designs for the Iowa Building. 
He was proud of a state, he said, which produced such men of ability, and 
it was gratifying to him to study and admire the designs furnished. His 
only embarrassment, he said, was in being compelled to make a choice 
between them. He wished it were possible to have chosen at least ten 
of the plans submitted instead of but one. 

Mr. Proudfoot tendered his thanks for being selected, assuring" tha 
Commission he would do his best to satisfy in every respect. 

Other architects in the competition thanked the Commission for the 
courteous and fair manner in which the contest was conducted. 

Commissioner Curtis offered the following: 

"Whereas, The Iowa Commission of the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion Commission invited architects from the state of Iowa to enter a 
friendly contest for plans for the Iowa Building, to be erected on the 
grounds of the World's Fair at St. Louis in 1904, and, 

"Whereas, John Spencer, of Dubuque; F. Hear & Son, of Dubuque; 
J. C. & W. Woodward, of Council Bluffs; C. E. Edwins, of Boone; Wilfred 
W. Beach, of Sioux City; Proudfoot & Bird, of Des Moines; Liebbe, Nourse 
& Rasmussen, of Des Moines; Smith & Gage, of Des Moines; John P. 
Larkins, of Dubuque; Cox & Schoetengen, of Council Bluffs; W. C. Bar- 
ton, of Des Moines; Netcott & Donnan, of Independence : Dieman & Fiske, 
of Cedar Rapids — architects well known in the profession, without com- 
pensation, prepared elaborate sketches, plans and specifications at a great, 
outlay of time and money, embodjang in them their best work and talent, 
in a patriotic endeavor to serve the state; and, 

"Whereas, The Iowa Commission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion feels that to these architects is due the thanks of the people of Iowa; 
now, therefore, 

"Be It Resolved, That the thanks of the Iowa Commission to the Lou- 
isiana Purchase Exposition Commission be extended to these architects 
for the plans submitted, suggestions offered, and for the courteous and 
able presentation of the designs and specifications. 

"Resolved, That in limiting the contest to Iowa architects the Com- 
mission planned better than it knew, and hereby expresses the satisfac- 
tion and pleasure it feels in having brought out such superior talent, and 
establishing once more the well-known fact that, 'in all that is good, Iowa 
affords the best.' " 

Unanimously adopted. 

Building Committee. — Commissioner .Palmer moved that a building 
committee of three be appointed by the chair, defining its duties. The 
president appointed Commissioners Shepherd, Palmer and Leach. 




IOWA SCENES. 



Copyrighted 1904, la. Pub. Co., 
Davenport, used by permission. 



62 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Claims. — Commissioner Shepherd, chairman of the auditing committee, 
presented the list of claims, amounting to $1,346.93, and moved that war- 
rants be drawn in payment of same. Adopted. 

Supplies. — Commissioner Ericson moved that the secretary be author- 
ized to buy a typewriter, and that the chairman of the executive commit- 
tee, with the help of the secretary, attend to such minor details as sta- 
tionery, etc. Motion prevailed. 

On motion of Commissioner Curtis, the secretary was instructed to 
secure suitable stationery for the several members of the Commission. 



Evening Session, 7:30 p. m. 

Vice President Harriman in the chair. 

Rules. — The amendment to the by-laws [Rule 7 (a)] by Commissioner 
Harriman, providing for the payment of salaries, was adopted, all mem- 
bers voting in the affirmative. 

Commissioner Witmer moved that no recommendation be made by in- 
dividual Commissioners in their single capacity for any place or for con- 
cessions to the St. Louis World's Fair management. 

Commissioner Curtis moved to amend that applications for such places 
or concessions be referred to the secretary of this Commission and then 
to be acted upon by the executive committee, which was given power to 
recommend for the Commission. Motion as amended prevailed. 



MEETING OF BUILDING COMMITTEE. 

Secretary's Office, Des Moines, Jan. 16, 1903. 
Chairman Shepherd presiding. 

Specifications. — Architect Proudfoot submitted specifications and pro- 
posals to bidders, which were considered, amended and revised. The sec- 
retary was instructed to advertise for bids and also to correspond with 
Diretor of Works Taylor and ascertain if possible a definite location for 
the Iowa site, so that there might be no possibility of further changes in 
plans. 



Evening Session, 7:00 p. m. 
The committee met at the office of the architects, Proudfoot & Bird, 
where drawings and details were thoroughly examined. 



Office of Director of Works, World's Fair Grounds, 

St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 29, 1903, 10 a. m. 
Present — Chairman Shepherd, Commissioners Palmer and Leach; also 

Commissioner Carruthers 
and Secretary Conaway. 

Plans and Site — Plans 
for the Iowa Building 
were laid before Director 
of Works Taylor, who 
gave verbal assurance of 
his approval and exhibit- 
ed the revised map just 
completed showing Iowa's 
location. 

The committee made 
an inspection of the site 
upon the grounds, as in- 
dicated by the surveyors, 
and expressed their ap- 
proval of the location. A 
sign was ordered painted 
and placed upon the 
ground to indicate the lo- 
COMR. SHEPHERD PUTS LID ON IOWA SITE, cation. 





IOWA SCENES. 



Copyrighted 1004, la Pub. Co.. 
Davenport, used by permission. 



64 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Secretary's Office, Des Moines, Feb. 25, 1903. 
To the Executive Committee of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Com- 
mission of Iowa. 

We beg to report tliat, pursuant to instructions adopted by the Com 
mission, upon the 18th day of December, 1902, the undersigned, building 
<;ommittee of said Commission, have, as directed by said Comission, pro- 
ceeded to obtain from the architects, Proudfoot & Bird, full building plans, 
drawings, specifications and details, embodied in full-sized, practical work- 
ing drawings for the building to be erected by the state of Iowa and said 
Commission upon the grounds of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at 
St. Louis, and after the receipt of said plans did advertise for bids in the 
St. Louis Republic, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, World's Fair Bulletin, and 
The Register and Leader of Des Moines, for reliable, solvent and competi- 
tive building contractors for the erection of said building, a copy of which 
submission for bids is hereto attached and marked "Exhibit A," together 
with the oath of the publishers of said papers that said proposals had 
been published in manner, form and time as directed by said instructions, 
and that afterwards, after the expiration of said time of publication, this 
committee met at the city of Des Moines, in the secretary's office of said 
Commission, on February 25, 1903, at the hour of two o'clock p. m., for 
consideration of any and all bids that might be then and there submitted; 
that there were submitted at said meeting the following bids: 

1. Capital City Brick and Pipe Co $ 42,674.00 

Less for AA glass 375.00 

2. Southern Illinois Construction Co 42,000.00 

Less for AA glass 300.00 

3. E. W. Nichols Co 34,935.00 

Less for AA glass 300.00 

4. R. P. McClure Construction Co., St. Louis 43,216.00 

Less for AA glass 310.00 

5. Murch Bros. Construction Co., St. Louis 37,687.00 

Less for AA glass 300.00 

6. Smith & Eastman Co., St. Louis 43,973.00 

Less for AA glass 360.00 

7. R. W. Morrison Construction Co., St. Louis ...... 39,975.00 

Less for AA glass 300.00 

8. Henry W. Schlueter, Chicago 46,106.00 

Less for AA glass 650.00 

9. R. C. Strehlow, Omaha 37,510.00 

Less for AA glass : . . . 400.00 

10. James Rowson & Son, Iowa City .^ 44,447.00 

Less for AA glass 337.00 

That each of the said bids was read in the hearing of the committee 
l3y the secretary, and each in the order above named was passed upon 
as to form and it was found by the Comrnittee the form of each bid was 
as provided for in the notice of submission; that each bid was accompa- 
nied by a check for $2,000, as provided in the conditions of admission, 
each of which checks was passed upon by the treasurer, Mr. Leach, and 
declared to be valid. Whereupon the committee, after awaiting until 4:00 
o'clock, and fifteen minutes past, declared the bids closed, whereupon the 
committee began the consideration of the bids. 

That your committee then, after a careful investigation of the merits 
of the said several bids so submitted, and of the financial standing and 
solvency of said bidders, and being then and there satisfied, after such 
-examination, that E. W. Nichols & Co., of Des Moines, Iowa, was the low- 
est and best bidder, did then and there, by unanimous vote, approve said 
"bid and select said E. W. Nichols & Co. as the contractors to build, erect 
and complete said building. 

Wherefore, pursuant to said instructions of said Commission, we here- 
^with submit with this report a draft for a contract to be made with the 




"""^g^' 



WORLD'S FAIR VIEWS. 



Copyrig-hted 1994. la. Pub. Co., 
Davenport, used by permission. 



Sunken Gardens. Liberal Arts at the left, Government Building- in front. Mines and Metallurers'. rig-ht; 
Louisiana Purchase Monument, showing- figures above of James Monroe, Robert Livingston, and Marbois. 
Napoleon's Minister of Finance, signers of purchase; Palace of Education, taken from west cascades and 
fountains; Central Lagoon; Palace of Electricits^; Roman Triumphal Arch to Palace of Liberal Arts; 
Monumental Entrance to Palace of Mines and Metallurgy with its guarding obelisks; German Building- 
East Pavilion; corner entrance 10 Liberal Arts; Palace of Manufactures; two views of Festival Hall, Lagoon, 
Cascades and Fountains; Statue of Iowa; Iowa Building; Assembly Hall, Iowa Building. 



66 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

said successful bidder, which is attached to and made a part of this re- 
port and marked "Exhibit B." 

Awaiting your further directions in the premises, we are, 
Respectfully submitted, 

W. T. SHEPHERD, 
LEROY A. PALMER, 
S. M. LEACH, 

Building Committee. 
F. R. CONAWAY, Secretary. 



MEETING OF EXECUTIVE AND BUILDING COMMITTEES. 

Speaker's Room, State House, 
Des Moines, March 4, 1903, 10:00 a. m. 
Chairman Witmer, of the executive committee, presiding. Present — 
Commissioners Trewin and Palmer of the executive committee and Com- 
missioners Shepherd and Palmer of the building committee. 

Contract. — The report from the building committee was read, and, 
upon motion of Commissioner Trewin, was approved, awarding the con- 
tract to E. W. Nichols & Co. for the erection of the Iowa Building, in ac- 
cordance with the provisions in the report. 

The form for contract was also reported by the chairman of the build- 
ing committee, was revised and approved, and the chairman directed to 
present it with the building committee's report to the Commission for rat- 
ification. 

Commissioner W. T. Shepherd was selected as superintendent of con- 
struction of the Iowa Building. 



REGULAR MEETING OF COMMISSION. 

Speaker's Room, State House, 
Des Moines, March 4, 1903, 2:00 p. m. 

President Larrabee in the chair. Present — Commissioners Witmer, 
Palmer, Harriman, Trewin, Carruthers, Leach, Bailey, Shepherd, Ericson 
and Whiting. 

The minutes of the last regular meeting of December 8th and the ad- 
journed meeting of December 18th and 19th were read and approved. 

Contract. — Chairman Witmer submitted the report of the executive 
committee and building committee. 

Upon motion of Commissioner Witmer the report was adopted. 

Building Contract. — Upon motion of Commissioner Trewin, the build- 
ing contract with E. W. Nichols & Co., approved by the executive com- 
mittee, was approved by the Commission. 

Bond of Contractors. — Upon motion of Commissioner Carruthers, the 
bond of E. W. Nichols & Co., given by the National Surety Company, of 
New York, in the sum of $10,480.50, was approved. 

Building Committee. — Commissioner Witmer moved that the building 
committee heretofore appointed be authorized and directed to carry out 
the provisions of the building contract. Commissioner Harriman moved 
to amend by substituting for "building committee" the "executive com- 
mittee" of the Commission. The ayes and nays were called. Ayes — Pres- 
ident Larrabee, Commissioners Harriman, Trewin, Carruthers, Ericson — 5; 
nays — Commissioners Witmer, Palmer and Whiting — 3. Motion as amend- 
ed adopted. 



MINUTES OP THE IOWA COMMISSION. 



67 



Floyd Monument. — In regard to the 
Sergeant Charles Floyd monument and its 
reproduction at the World's Fair, Commis- 
sioner Whiting reported that the manage- 
jLient of the St. Louis Exposition felt as 
though they could not give room for this 
monument on the exposition grounds, be- 
cause it would not harmonize with other 
monuments and buildings. 

Appropriations. — Commissioner Trewin 
offered the following: "I move that a com- 
mittee of three be appointed to ascertain 
the fixed charges of the Commission and 
administration expenses and to determine 
the amount available for distribution among 
the different departments for exposition 
purposes, and to report to this Commission 
with its recommendations at this meeting." 
Motion adopted. The president appointed 
Commissioners Trewin, Witmer and Leach 
as such committee. 

Typewriters. — Mr. Jewett, of the Jewett 
Typewriter Company, of Des Moines, ap- 
peared before the Commission and said his 
company would like to have the opportunity 
of furnishing two machines for the use of editors and press men, officers 
and vistors, in the Iowa Building. The tender was accepted with thanks. 
Commissioner S. M. Leach, treasurer of the Commission, submitted 
the following report: 

Nov. 16, 1902, by warrant from Treasurer of State $5,000.00 

Checks 1 to 28, inclusive $1,670.13 

Blanace on hand (March 4, 1903) 3,329.87 5,000.00 

Apportionment of Funds. — Commissioner Trewin, of the committee on 
apportionment of funds to the various departments, reported as follows: 
"We beg to report that we find the fixed charges will be as follows: 

Building $35,000.00 

Plumbing 2,500.00 

Sidewalks and grounds 1,000.00 

Decorations 3,500.00 

Furniture 3,500.00 

Lights, fuel and insurance 2,500.00 

Water 500.00 

Proceedings 500.00 

Secretary, assistants, stenographer 7,500.00 




*FLOYD MONUMENT. 



Custodian and matron . . . 

Three janitors 

Two postmasters 

Two check rooms 

Two toilet rooms 

One press room 

Information bureau 

Two watchmen 

Two assistants to matron 
One gardener 



800.00 
900.00 
600.00 
600.00 
600.00 
300.00 
600.00 
600.00 
600.00 
400.00 



* Sergeant Charles Floyd, member of Lewis and Clark Expedition, died 
August 20, 1804. First known white man to die on Iowa soil. Monument 
erected by the United States Government, state of Iowa, and Sioux City 
citizens near Sioux City. Height, 100 feet; cost, $20,000. Dedicated Me- 
morial Day, 1901. John A. Kasson orator. 



68 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Music 5,000.00 

Superintendent of Construction 1,000.00 

Administration expenses 10,000.00 

Contingent fund 1,500.00 

Total $80,000.00 

which will leave remaining $45,000 for the various departments, and we 
recommend that the following sums be allowed to each, as stated: 

Fine Arts $ 1,000.00 

Woman's Work 1,000.00 

Live Stock 9,000.00 

Historical and Statistical 1,000.00 

Education 8,500.00 

Minerals and Geology 2,000.00 

Manufactures and Machinery 4,500.00 

Horticulture 5,000.00 

Forestry 1,000.00 

Dairy and Apiary 3,000.00 

Agriculture 7,000.00 

Press and Publicity 2,000.00 

Total $45,000.00 

"We recommend that each Commissioner be authorized to appoint 
his own superintendent and assistants when deemed necessary, and to fix 
their compensation, and that each head of department organize for hi? 
exhibit within the amount allowed thereto." 

Report adopted. 

Claims. — The auditing committee, through the chairman. Commis- 
sioner Shepherd, recommended the payment of claims audited by the com- 
mittee amounting to $2,120.54. Adopted. 



Evening Session, Parlor I, Savery House, Des Moines, 8 p. m. 
Map. — Chairman Harriman, of the committee to consider the proposi- 
tion made by Mr. M. Huebinger, manager of the Iowa Publishing Com- 
pany, reported the following resolution and moved its adoption: 

"Whereas, A propostion has been submitted to this Commission by 
Mr. M. Huebinger, manager of the Iowa Publishing Company, of Daven- 
port, for making a lithographed topographical may of the state for exhi- 
bition at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, and, 

"Whereas, We find ourselves short of available funds for the purchase 
of said map, but, believing it a highly valuable and meritorious work, 

"Resolved, That we hereby cordially endorse and commend the same. 
We believe it would be well worth while for the state to purchase this 
proposed map, not only for the exposition at St. Louis, but for hanging 
in some appropriate place in the state house. 

"W. F. HARRIMAN, 

"S. BAILEY, 

"W. W. WITMER, 

"Committee." 
Resolution adopted. 

Plumbing. — The executive committee was authorized to contract for 
plumbing, gas fixtures, etc. 

Rules. — Commissioner Palmer moved to amend Rule 7, to provide for 
the payment of construction bills. [Rule 7 (b).] Adopted; ayes 10, nays 
none. 

Dedication. — Commissioner Witmer moved that when the Commission 
adjourn it adjourn to meet at St. Louis at 10 o'clock a. m. on Wednesday, 
April 29th, and that the seretary provide a meeting place and notify the 
Commissioners. Adopted. 



MINUTES OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 69 

Commissioner Leach moved that the secretary consult with Governor 
Cummins and state officials in regard to dedication ceremonies at St. 
Louis on April 30th, with a view to working in conjunction with them. 
Adopted. 

Vice President Harriman in the chair. 

Corn Judging Contest. — Commissioner Whiting presented the follow- 
ing resolution and moved its adoption: 

"Resolved, That we petition Chief F. W. Taylor of the Agricultural 
Department of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, recommending the es- 
tablishment of an interstate corn judging contest, to take place during the 
exposition, to which may be eligible as contestants farmers, students of 
agricultural colleges, college teams and farmer clubs from any state in the 
Union." 

Adopted. 

Compensation of Employes. — President Larrabee moved to amend the 
report of the committee on apportionment of funds to the various depart- 
ments in the following manner: "The compensation of all employes shall 
be subject to the approval of the executive committee." Commissioner 
Shepherd moved to amend by striking out "executive committee" and in- 
serting "commission." Amendment adopted, ayes 5, nays 4. 

Upon adoption of the original motion ayes and nays were called for. 
Ayes 10, nays none. Motion adopted. (Rule 17.) 

Chairman Palmer, of the committee delegated to define the powers 
and authority of the superintendent of construction made a report and 
the same was adopted. 

Commissioner Ericson moved that the president and secretary draw 
warrant upon the State Auditor for requisition for $10,000 from the state 
treasury and place the same with the treasurer of the Commission. 
Adopted. 



MEETING OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Parlor I, Savery House, Des Moines, March 5, 1903. 

Chairman Witmer presiding. Present — Commissioners Palmer and 
Leach. 

Plumbing.— Bids of L. H. Kurtz, $2,343, and T. F. Hanley of the Han- 
ley-Casey Company, of St. Louis, for plumbing for the Iowa Building, 
which had been submitted to the Commission and referred to the executive 
committee, were opened and considered. 

The architect was instructed to draw up a contract witli L. H. Kurtz 
in accordance with his bid, and the chairman of the executive committee 
and the secretary were authorized to sign the contract and approve the 
bond. 



ADJOURNED MEETING OF COMMISSION. 

Club Room, St. Nicholas Hotel, St. Louis, Mo., 

April 29, 1903, 10:30 a. m. 

President Larrabee in the chair. Present — Commissioners Witmer, 
Palmer, Curtis, Trewin, Carruthers, Leach, Bailey, Shepherd and Whiting. 

Letters were read from Commissioners Updegraff, Harriman and Eric- 
son, who were unable to be present. 

The minutes of the regular meeting, March 4th, were approved; also 
the minutes of the executive committee meeting, held March 5th, were 
approved. 

A letter was read from President Francis, naming Friday, May 1st, 
at 10 o'clock, as the hour at which he would receive the Iowa Commission 
at his office in the Administration Building. 

Commissioner Witmer moved that the Commission accept the invita- 
tion. Adopted. 



70 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Education. — Commissioner Trewin of the committee on education re- 
ported that he had selected Mr. Frank J. Sessions of Cedar Rapids as su- 
perintendent of the Department of Education, at a salary of $1,200 per 
year, which shall include office rent. Upon motion of Commissioner Shep- 
herd the report was approved. Commissioner Trewin asked permission to 
employ a stenographer at not to exceed $50 per month, to procure a type- 
writer, and to secure the necessary office appliances for the Department 
of Education. Upon motion of Commissioner Shepherd the privilege was 
granted. 

Plans. — Commissioner Shepherd, superintendent of construction, made 
a verbal report that the necessary changes on account of the re-location 
of the site of the Iowa Building would incur an additional expense of not 
to exceed $1,100. Commissioner Bailey moved that the matter be referred 
to the executive committee. Adopted. 

Iowa Day. — The selection of an Iowa Day at the Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition was referred to the president of the Commission, Governor 
Cummins and Secretary Conaway. 



Afternoon Session, 3:00 p. m. 

Auxiliary. — Resolution proposed by Commissioner Curtis creating a 
woman's auxiliary department was referred to the executive committee. 

Flag Day. — -Commissioner Trewin, chairman of the committee on ed- 
ucation, suggested the establishment of a Louisiana Purchase Day, the 
centennial anniversary for December in all the schools of the state, and 
asked the assistance of the Commissioners in helping to make this a suc- 
cess. Plan approved by Commission. 

Commissioner Carruthers in the chair. 

Dedication. — Letter was read from the exposition management asking 
the Iowa Commissioners to assemble at the Laclede building at 8:30 
o'clock Thursday morning, April 30th, to take carriages and participate 
in the military parade. 



April 30, 1903, 8:30 a. m. 
The Iowa Commission assembled at the Laclede building, where car- 
riages were taken for the rendezvous of the military parade. At the con- 
clusion of the parade, the Commission occupied seats in the grandstand 
to witness the military parade, which was reviewed by the President of 
the United States, Theodore Roosevelt. At its conclusion the Commis- 
sioners proceeded to the Liberal Arts Building and witnessed the formal 
dedication of the exposition buildings by the President of the United 
States, Theodore Roosevelt, and ex-President Grover Cleveland. 



Administration Building, St. Louis, May 1, 1903, 10:00 a. m. 

President Larrabee in the chair. 

Corner Stake. — Commissioner Curtis offered the following resolution: 

"Resolved, That. the Iowa Commission drive a corner stake at the 
Iowa site, Saturday, May 2, at 11:30 o'clock, that Governor Cummins and 
the state officers, the Governor's staff and the Fifty-fourth Regiment, with 
their band, be invited to participate, that the executive committee be re- 
quested to confer with President Francis and Secretary Stevens and invite 
them to be present; that the executive committee arrange the necessary 
program." 

Adopted. 

Secretary Stevens, of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company, 
and Secretary Charles M. Reeves, of the committee on states and terri- 
torial exhibits, appeared and offered to co-operate with the Iowa Commis- 
sion in any way they might see fit in the ceremonies at the Iowa site. 



MINUTES OF THE lOAVA COMMISSION. 71 

Claims. — Commissioner Carrutliers, from the auditing committee, 
moved that the bills audited by the committee, amounting to $535.56, be 
allowed. Adopted. 

Plans. — Commissioner Shepherd, superintendent of construction, asked 
for power to sign the order from the architects to the contractors for put 
ting in additional footings as per revised plans, and lengthen the founda- 
tion pieces on account of the change in grade lines, at a cost of not to 
exceed $1,100. Referred to the executive committee. 

Assistant Superintendent. — Commissioner Shepherd asked authority 
to appoint an assistant superintendent of construction at a salary of not 
to exceed $100 per month, which shall include all expenses. Adopted. 



MEETING OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Administration Building, May 1, 12:00 m. 

Chairman Witmer presiding. Present — Commissioners Curtis, Trewiu, 
Palmer and Leach. 

Plans. — Commissioner Shepherd presented the following: 

"The undersigned hereby proposes and agrees to construct the foun- 
dation for the Iowa Building in accordance with the revised plans pre- 
pared by the architects therefor at an additional cost of not to exceed one 
thousand and eighty-seven dollars, to be finally approved by the architect 
and executive committee under the provisions of the contract. 

"E. W. NICHOLS & CO." 

Commissioner Shepherd was directed to accept the proposition. 



St. Nicholas Hotel, May 2, 1903, 9:45 a. m. 
Corner Stake. — The Commissioners were conducted by carriage to the 
Iowa site at the exposition grounds, where the corner stake for the Iowa 
building was driven by Hon. A. B. Cummins, Governor of Iowa. (See cer- 
emonies.) 



REGULAR MEETING OF COMMISSION. 

Commissioners' Rooms, State House, Des Moines, 

Wednesday, June 3, 1903, 10:00 a. m. 

President Larrabee in the chair. Present- — Commissioners Curtis, 
Harriman, Bailey, Shepherd, Witmer and Trewin. 

Minutes of the previous meeting, held at St. Louis, April 29-30, May 
1-2, approved. 

Minutes of the meeting of the executive committee, held at St. Louis, 
May 1, were approved. 

Report of Superintendent Sessions, of the educational department, 
read and placed on file. 

The executive committee, though the superintendent of construction, 
Commissioner Shepherd, made a report of the progress of the building. 
Commissioner Curtis moved that the report be referred to the executive 
committee so far as the recommendations therein contained were con- 
cerned. Adopted. 

Furniture. — Furniture and interior decorations were referred to the 
executive committee. 

Insurance. — Commissioner Curtis moved that the superintendent of 
construction be authorized to procure tornado insurance as well as fire 
and lightning insurance. Adopted. 



Afternoon Session, 1:30 p. m. 
President Larrabee in the chair. Present, in addition to the members 
present at forenoon session — Commissioners Ericson, Whiting and Leach. 



72 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Commissioner Leach, treasurer of the Commission, reported as fol- 
lows: 

March 1, 1903, balance on hand $ 3,329.87 

March 17, state warrant 10,000.00 $ 13,329.87 

March, vouchers 29 to 74, inc., except 65. . 2,773.46 

June 1, balance on hand 10,556.41 13,329.87 

Report placed on file. 

Re-Apportionment. — Commissioner Witmer moved the appointment of 
a committee to consider a revision of the assignment of the funds and re- 
port at the next meeting of the Commission. Upon this motion the ayes 
and nays were called. Ayes — President Larrabee, Commissioners Witmer, 
Curtis, Harriman, Leach, Bailey and Ericson — 7. Nays — Commissioners 
Trewin, Shepherd and Whiting — 3. Adopted. 

The president re-appointed Commissioners Trewin, Witmer and Leach 
as such committee. 

Commissioner Witmer offered the following resolution: 

"Whereas, $20,000 may be needed before the next meeting of the Com- 
mission, therefore, be it 

"Resolved, That orders be drawn upon the Auditor of State for war- 
rants in sums as needed up to $20,000." 

Adopted. 

Exploitation. — Commissioner Trewin moved that the matter of adver- 
tising and interesting the public at the state fair be referred to the heads 
of departments interested in so doing who shall act with the assistance 
of the secretary. 

Claims. — Commissioner Shepherd of the auditing committee presented 
the bills audited by the committee amounting to $5,272.31, and moved that 
they be allowed. Adopted. 



MEETING OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Savery House, Des Moines, Iowa, Wednesday, June 30, 1903. 
Chairman Witmer presiding. Present — Commissioners Leach, Curtis 
and Palmer. 

Fixtures, Etc. — Matters which had been referred to the committee by 
the Commission were considered and referred; gas and electric fixutres 
and furniture to Chairman Witmer and Commissioner Curtis ; screen doors 
and windows to Commissioner Shepherd; water motor for the organ and 
water supply and sewerage for the motor to Commissioner Shepherd; in- 
terior decoration to Commissioner Palmer. 

Exploitation. — Commissioner Leach moved that the secretary be in- 
structed to call the superintendents of the several departments together 
on Tuesday, August 25th, for organization and instruction in all the de- 
partments, and to outline and put into force such suggestions as would 
be beneficial in carrying out the work. Adopted. 

The secretary was instructed to take out a State Commissioner's cer- 
tificate from the state of Iowa for the state of Missouri, giving him the 
power to certify to bills while at St. Louis. 

Contractors' Bills. — Chairman Witmer recommended the full payment 
of contractors' bills where receipted bills accompany the same to the full 
amount when the same do not exceed the architects' estimate of work 
completed and material on the ground, less the 10 per cent required by 
the contract reserved for final payment from the architects' estimate. Up- 
on motion of Commissioner Curtis the plan as outlined by Chairman Wit- 
mer was adopted as the rule governing the payment of contractors' bills. 



MINUTES OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 73 

REGULAR MEETING OF COMMISSION. 

Commissioners' Rooms, State Capitol, Des Moines, 

Wednesday, Sept. 2, 1903, 10:00 a. m. 

President Larrabee in the chair. Present — Commissioners Witmer, 
Palmer, Trewin, Carruthers, Leach, Bailey, Shepherd, Ericson and Whit- 
ing. 

Minutes of preceding meeting, June 3, approved. 

Minutes of the executive committee meeting, June 30, approved. 

Auxiliary Committee. — Chairman Witmer, of the executive committee, 
reported the appointment of the following named ladies to constitute the 
auxiliary committee: Mrs. W. H. Baily, of Des Moines; Mrs. H. E. Deeni- 
er, of Red Oak, and Mrs. Henry J. Howe, of Marshalltown. On motion of 
Commissioner Trewin the appointment of the above auxiliary committee 
was approved. (See report of department.) 

Financial. — Commissioner Leach, treasurer, reported as follows: 

June 1, 1903. balance on hand $ 10,550.41 

June 25, deposit 10,000.00 $ 20,556.41 

September 1, vouchers returned 11,819.15 

September 1, balance on hand 8,737.2G 20,556.41 

The president and secretary were authorized to draw $15,000 by the 
first of December, from time to time, as might be necessary for disburse- 
ment. 

The auditing committee, upon motion of Commissioner Bailey, was 
directed to check up the accounts of the secretary and treasurer and re- 
port to the Commission. 

Commissioner Ericson was designated to act upon the auditing. com> 
mittee. 

Manufactures. — Commissioner Leach, chairman of the manufactures 
and machinery department, reported the selection of Mr. A. C. Hutchins, 
of Adel, as his superintendent, at a salary of $75 per month and expenses. 
Approved. 

Commissioner Shepherd, superintendent of construction, reported 
progress on construction. 

On motion, the report of Commissioner Shepherd was approved by the 
Commission and the recommendations made referred to the executive com- 
mittee. 

Louisiana Purchase Day. — Commissioner Trewin reported as follows: 

"The Commissioner and superintendent of the department of educa- 
tion beg leave to report that after consultation with Hon. R. C. Barrett, 
Superintendent of Public Instruction, they have agreed upon the observ- 
ance of Louisiana Purchase Day next December in the public schools and 
other educational institutions in the state, and ask the Commission to au- 
prove the same and request the Department of Public Instruction to pre- 
pare and distribute a leaflet giving instructions and suggestive material, 
historical and otherwise, therefor." 

Approved. 

Piano. — The proposition of Mr. Jonas Cleland of Chicago to place a 
piano in the Iowa Building was submitted and accepted. 

On motion of Commissioner Ericson, Commissioner Witmer and Sec- 
retary Conaway were constituted a committee to draft resolutions of re- 
spect for Hon. Charles Asliton, of Guthrie Center, a member of the Co- 
lumbian Exposition, who died August 26, 1903, at the age of 80. 



Afternoon Session, 1:30 p. m. 
President Larrabee in the chair. 

Iowa Days. — In regard to Iowa Days at the exposition the secretary 
reported the following: 

"The selection of June 16th and 17th for Iowa Days at the exposition 



74 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

seem to President Larrabee and Governor Cummins to be appropriate, as 
June 17th is the 231st anniversary of the discovery of Iowa by Marquette 
and Joliet." 

Upon motion of Commissioner Palmer the report was adopted. (See 
Iowa Day Ceremonies.) 

Re-Apportionment of Funds. — Commissioner Trewin presented the fol- 
lowing report of the committee on re-apportionment: 

Building $38,000.00 

Plumbing, etc 3,000.00 

Grounds and walks • 1,000.00 

Decorations 3,000.00 

Furniture 2,500.00 

Lights, fuel and insurance 2,500.00 

Water, ice, etc 500.00 

Organ operator 600.00 

Secretary, assistants and stenographer 7,500.00 

Matron 400.00 

Postmaster and check clerk 600.00 

Two toilet room attendants 600.00 

Press room attendant 300.00 

Two bureaus of information 600.00 

Two watchmen 600.00 

Two assistants to matron 600.00 

Three janitors 900.00 

Music 4,000.00 

Superintendent of construction 1,000.00 

Gardener and florist 400.00 

Woman's work 1,000.00 

Live stock 8,000.00 

Historical 1,000.00 

Education 8,000.00 

Mines and metallurgy 3,000.00 

Manufactures and machinery 4,000.00 

Horticulture 5,000.00 

Dairy and apiary 3,000.00 

Agriculture 6,500.00 

Press and publicity 1,500.00 

Administration 10,000.00 

Contingent 5,400.00 

Total $125,000.00 

Commissioner Trewin, in submitting the report, stated that the com- 
mittee had found the revision necessary to meet the demands of the Com- 
mission, and especially the minerals and geological department and the 
contingent fund. Bach member of the committee made sacrifices from 
their funds which they could ill afford to make, but in the adjustment of 
the appropriations they found this necessary. By making the secretary 
of the Commission the custodian of the Iowa Building the fund first ap- 
propriated for a custodian has been put into the contingent fund. The 
committee had in mind that where it was absolutely necessary to assist 
any departments that an appropriation for that purpose could be made 
from the contingent fund. Upon motion of Commissioner Trewin, the re- 
port was adopted. 

Live Stock. — Commissioner Leach, at the request of Commissioner 
Harriman, who was unable to be present, formally announced the selec- 
tion of Mr. E. H. White, of Estherville, as superintendent of the depart- 
ment of live stock, and moved the appointment be approved. Approved. 

Mines. — Commissioner Carruthers, of the department of minerals and 
geology, asked that he be authorized to select a superintendent at a salary 



MINUTES OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 75 

of not to exceed $100 a month and expenses. T'^pon motion of Commis- 
sioner Leach the request was approved. 

Press. — The suggestions made by Commissioner Witmer regarding a 
newspaper exhibit, upon motion of Commissioner Palmer, were approved. 

Agriculture. — Commissioner Whiting reported the selection of George 
S. Forest, of Miles, Iowa, as superintendent for the department of agri- 
culture. Appointment approved. 

Claims. — Commissioner Shepherd, chairman of the auditing committee, 
reported the claims approved by the committee, amounting to $3,774.54. 
Upon motion of Commissioner Whiting, the report was approved. 



MEETING OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Savery House, Des Moines, Nov. 11, 1903, 3:00 p. m. 

Chairman Witmer presiding. Present — Commissioners Leach, Palmer 
and Shepherd. 

Grading. — Commissioners Leach, Palmer and Shepherd and the secre- 
tary reported visiting St. Louis October 14th, 15th and IGth, and, after in- 
specting the building and grounds, awarded contract to Theodore Thor- 
wegian, of St. Louis, to do the grading, furnish all dirt for filling, do all 
sodding, arrange flower plats and flowers and furnish all shrubbery for 
the sum of $650. 

Plans. — The committee reported they had approved the following 
changes in the building, as recommended by the superintendent of con- 
struction: The putting of a storeroom under the assembly room, fire stops 
around the outside walls, and a door between the northeast and the ad- 
joining rooms on the second floor, all of such work to be done at cost of 
not to exceed $110.25. 

Motor. — The committee instructed the secretary to negotiate with the 
M. P. Moller Organ Company, of Hagerstown, Md., for one Ross water 
motor for the organ at a price not to exceed $275. The report was ap- 
proved. 



REGULAR MEETING OF COMMISSION. 
Commissioners' Rooms, Capitol Building, Des Moines, 

December 2, 1903, 10:00 a. m. 
President Larrabee in the chair. Present — Commissioners Witmer, 
Palmer, Curtis, Harriman, Carruthers, Leach, Bailey, Ericson and Whit- 
ing. 

Minutes of the regular meeting held September 2d were approved. 
Minutes of the executive committee meeting held November 11 were 
approved. 

The report submitted by Commissioner Shepherd, superintendent of 
construction, was read. 

Financial. — The secretary reported that warrants had been drawn and 
disbursements made as follows: 

December 1, 1903, State Auditor's warrants in favor of 

treasurer of Commission $50,000.00 

Claims paid amounting to 39,596.25 

Balance in treasurer's hands $10,403.75 

Treasurer's Statement. 

Balance on hand September 1, 1903 $ 8,737.26 

September 5, state warrant 10,000.00 

October 22, state warrant 10,000.00 

November 25, state warrant, 5,000.00 $ 33,737.26 

Vouchers 106 to 145, inc., returned 23,333.51 

Balance on hand December 1. 1903 10,403.75 33,737.26 



76 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Commissioner Harriman, of the auditing committee, moved that the 
bills approved by the auditing committee and submitted be allowed, 
amounting to $3,958.26. Approved. 

Auditing of Accounts. — The auditing committee reported that it had 
checked and compared all the vouchers and found the same correct. 

Commissioner V/itmer moved that the officers of the Commission be 
authorized to draw warrants on the State Auditor to the amount of $12,- 
500 when needed for disbursement. Adopted. 

Re-Apportionment of Funds. — Commissioner Harriman moved that 
$1,000 be taken from the fund of the department of education and added 
to the fund of the department of live stock. 

Commissioner Palmer moved to amend by striking out "education" 
and inserting "contingent fund." 

Commissioner Witmer moved to amend by including $500 for the agri- 
cultural department. 

The amendment was adopted. 

The Chair: As amended, the motion stands $1,000 from the contin- 
gent fund for live stock and $500 for the department of agriculture. 

The original motion as amended was adopted. 

Resolutions of Respect. — Commissioner Witmer, chairman of the com- 
mittee appointed to draw up resolutions of respect on the death of Hon. 
Charles Ashton, of Guthrie County, submitted the following: 

"Whereas, In the death of Hon. Charles Ashton, Iowa has lost one of 
its most influential men, and one who has spent many years in service 
for the public in moulding a higher citizenship, encouraging the work of 
worthy institutions, and in preserving for the future generations the his- 
torical events which have glorified Iowa in the nation and the world, 

"Resolved, That in his death the state has lost one of its able coun- 
selors; that the Iowa Commission for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
recognizes his great influence in the Iowa exhibits at the Columbian Ex- 
position, and extend to the bereaved family and friends the sympathy of 
this Commission.' 

The resolution was unanimously adopted. 

IVIines. — Commissioner Carruthers moved that Mr. C. B. Piatt, of Van 
Meter, Iowa, be employed as superintendent of the department of minerals 
and geology until the next regular meeting of the Commission, and that 
he be paid $100 per month and all necessary traveling expenses. The 
nomination was approved. 

Horticulture. — Commissioner Bailey moved that Silas Wilson, of At- 
lantic, be approved by the Commission as superintendent of horticulture 
at a salary of $5 per day when so employed, and necessary traveling ex- 
penses, not to include lodging and meals. 



Afternoon Session, 1:30 p. m. 

The president requested the executive committee to report at the next 
meeting of the Commission with a schedule or list of such employes as, in 
their estimation, will be necessary for the Iowa Building at St. Louis. 

Transportation. — Commissioner Leach moved that all matters concern- 
ing transportation be referred to the secretary. Adopted. 

Report to the Governor and General Assembly. — The following reso- 
lution was offered by Commissioner Witmer: 

"Resolred, That a committee of five be appointed by the president of 
this Commission whose duties it shall be to present information to the 
Governor and to the legislature relating, first, to the work of this Com- 
mission in connection with representation at the St. Louis Exposition, in- 
cluding expenditures for all purposes; second, to the probable needs of 
further appropriation for the proper representation of the state of Iowa; 
third, to the necessary amendment of the law so as to make immediately 



MINUTES OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 77 

available the last hall' of the original appropriation of $125,000, and to 
change the name of the Commission as it appears in the law creating the 
Commission; fourth, to make definite the provision relating to the dispo- 
sition of the building and property of the state at the close of the expo- 
sition, and such other and further matters as may be deemed necessary 
in the discretion of such committee." 

Adopted. 

The president appointed the executive committee to act as such com- 
mittee. 

State Fair. — Commissioner Curtis offered the following resolution: 

"Resolved, That it is the sense of this Commission that we are not 
opposed to the holding of a state fair next year, and all reports to the 
contrary are unwarranted." 

Adopted, and the secretary requested to notify the Department of Ag- 
riculture of this action. 

Auxiliary. — Commissioner Witmer moved tha.t the ladies' auxiliary 
committee be advised that in the collection of books, manuscripts, pic- 
tures, china and other bric-a-brac, no promise be made which implies pe- 
cuniary responsibility; that it may be agreed to pay expenses of trans- 
portation to and from St. Louis; that reasonable care will be given, and in- 
surance carried for loss on account of fire. Adopted. 



MEETING OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Savery House, Des Moines, Jan. 6, 1904, 2:00 p. m. 

Chairman Witmer presiding. Present — Commissioners Palmer, Cur- 
tis and Leach; also Commissioners Shepherd, Ericson and Whiting. 

Decorations. — The committee proceeded to examine the plans for the 
decoration of the Iowa Building, proposals and sketches being submitted. 



Evening Session, 7:30 p. m. 

Bids for the decorations were opened — bid of T. I. Stoner for $2,675.00, 
bid of Otto Kell for $2,800.00, bid of W^m. G. Andrews for $2,500.00. Mr. 
Andrews was awarded the contract. 

Upon motion of Commissioner Curtis, Commissioner Palmer was in- 
structed to superintend the decorations. 



January 7, 1904, 10:00 a. m. 

Chairman Witmer presiding. 

Organist. — Upon motion of Commissioner Curtis the appointment of 
Mason Slade as organist at a salary of $50 per month from April 30th was 
approved. 

Plans. — Commissioner Shepherd was authorized to complete the build- 
ing in accordance with suggestions made in his reports to the Commission. 

Request to General Assembly. — Commissioner Curtis moved that the 
secretary prepare and present a request or invitation from the Commis- 
sion to the legislature to select a committee to visit St. Louis and inspect 
its building, work, books of account, and to make report to that body on 
the matter of an additional appropriation in accordance with the resolu- 
tion adopted by the Commission. Adopted. 

Reports from Commissioners regarding appropriations for their de- 
partments were considered and referred to the chairman and secretary. 



Afternoon Session, 4:00 p. m. 
Fixtures. — The special committee, consisting of Commissioners Leach 
and Palmer, to whom had been referred the matter of gas and electric 



78 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

light fixtures, reported, approving the proposition of the Mitchell-Vance 
Company for fixtures to be hung in the Iowa Building, to include inspec- 
tion fees, at a price of $1,153.18. Report was accepted and the chairman 
and secretary instructed to sign the contract in accordance with the re- 
port of the committee. 



REGULAR MEETING OP COMMISSION. 

Commissioners' Rooms, State House, Des Moines, 

Wednesday, March 2, 1904, 10:00 a. m. 
President Larrabee in the chair. Present — Commissioners Witmer, 
Curtis, Harriman, Trewin, Carruthers, Leach, Bailey, Shepherd, Ericson 
and Whiting. 

Minutes of the regular meeting, December 2, 1903, were approved. 
Minutes of the executive committee meeting, January 6, were ap- 
proved. 

Iowa Day. — The president appointed Commissioners Harriman and 
Curtis a committee to confer with Governor Cummins concerning the mil- 
itary inquiries which had been made for Iowa Day ceremonies, and to 
make its report at the afternoon meeting. Motion prevailed. 

Commissioner Curtis moved that the matter of entertainment on Iowa 
Days, including the maltter of bands and military display be referred to the 
executive committee. Adopted. 

Concessions. — Commissioner Witmer moved that all applications for 
concessions in the Iowa Building be referred to the executive committee, 
the secretary to act in connection with the committee. Adopted. 

W. C. T. U. Banner. — A communication from Mrs. Florence Miller 
was read, asking that a banner in white silk of the W. C. T. U. of Iowa 
be placed in the Iowa Building. Commissioner Harriman moved that the 
ladies of the W. C. T. U. be given the right to place their banner in 
the building. Motion adopted. 

Commissioner Shepherd's report as superintendent of construction was 
read and referred to the executive committee. 

The report of the treasurer, S. M. Leach, was submitted, as follows: 

December 1, 1903, balance on hand $ 10,403.75 

December 29, warrant No. 9921 7,000.00 $ 17,403.75 

December 4, 1903, to February 6, 1904, 

vouchers 146 to 196, inc 8,951.29 

March 1, 1904, balance on hand 8,452.46 17,403.75 



Afternoon Session, 2:00 p. m. 

President Larrabee in the chair. 

Furniture. — Commissioner Shepherd moved that the executive com- 
mittee be authorized to draw upon the contingent fund for such sum as 
they may deem necessary to complete the furniture of the building over 
and above the amount appropriated, not to exceed $4,000. Motion pre- 
vailed. 

Legislation. — Chairman Witmer reported that the executive committee 
had taken up the resolution referred to it at the December 2d meeting, re- 
garding the presentation of information concerning the work of the Com- 
mission to the Governor and General Assembly, and had complied v/ith in- 
structions. The General Assembly had been invited to appoint a commit- 
tee to examine the work and accounts of the Commission, and had com- 
plied with the request. The joint committee had visited the Iowa Build- 
ing at St. Louis. Upon its return meetings were held in the rooms of the 
Commission on January 27-29 and February 9, 1904, and the joint commit- 
tee invited the Commissioners and superintendents to give information 
concerning the work assigned them by the Commission. Those appearing 



MINUTES OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 79 

were Commissioner Leach, representing manufactures; Commissioner 
Ericson and President Shilling of the State Dairy Association, dairy de- 
partment; Commissioner Bailey and Silas Wilson, horticulture; Commis- 
sioner Whiting-, Superintendent Forest, Decorator Fursman, agriculture; 
Superintendent Sessions, education; Supei'intendent Piatt, mines and met- 
allurgy; Superintendent White, live stock; Professor L. H. Pammel, for- 
estry. The chairman and secretary were present at each meeting. The 
joint committee made report to the General Assembly February 17, ac- 
companied with bill, recommending an additional appropriation of $20,000 
for the use of the Commission, and, at the request of the executive com- 
mittee, changing the name to correct an error of the Twenty-ninth Gen- 
eral Assembly, and also releasing the last half of the appropriation made 
by that body. This bill has passed both houses and will soon go to the 
Governor for his signature.* Also, at the suggestion of the executive com- 
mittee, a bill has passed the General Assembly turning over the building, 
furniture and property to the State Board of Control, and appropriating 
$5,000 to the Board for the necessary expense. Passed on file. 

Commissioner Carruthers moved that $1,000 of the additional appro- 
priation granted by the legislature be transferred to the mines and metal- 
lurgy department. Commissioner Trewin moved as a substitute that the 
additional appropriation for the present, if the same becomes available, 
be placed in the contingent fund, to be disposed of by the Commission as 
occasion may require. Division on the substitute being called for, result- 
ed in ayes 7, nays 3. The substitute was adopted and the motion pre- 
vailed. 

Commissioner Shepherd moved that the $1,000 assigned on the books 
to the account of the superintendent of construction be transferred to thi 
building fund. Motion prevailed. 

Mines. — Commissioner Carruthers moved that Mr. C. B. Piatt be con- 
tinued in the service of the mining department until the first of May at 
a salary of $100 per month. Motion prevailed. 

Iowa Day. — Commissioner Harriraan, of the special committee ap- 
pointed to visit the Governor concerning military matters, reported that 
Governor Cummins was willing to co-operate with the Commission toward 
aiding the Marion Drill Corps, and that if an additional amount was added 
to the guard fund by the present General Assembly, so that he could as- 
sist, he would be willing to take the matter under consideration, but was 
not prepared to say that he could aid further. The committee recommend- 
ed that the matter be left to the executive committee for further considera- 
tion as circumstances might arise in the future. 

The report of the committee was adopted. 

Commissioner Trewin moved that the Commissioner in charge of ed- 
ucation be authorized to expend $300 in aid of the Marion Drill Corps, to 
be derived from salvage on fixtures and furniture of his department. Mo- 
tion prevailed. 

Press. — Commissioner Curtis moved that the Iowa Building and the 
arrangement for the special day for the Iowa editors be in the hands of 
Commissioner Witmer, chairman of the committee on press. Motion pre- 
vailed. 

Custodian. — Commissioner Trewin moved that the additional duty of 
custodian of the Iowa Building be imposed upon Mr. Conaway, the sec- 
retary, and that his salary be increased to $175 per month from and after 
the first day of April, 1904, with actual necessary traveling expenses. Mo- 
tion prevailed. 

*The bill above referred to was later withdrawn and amended, mak- 
ing appropriations for certain specific funds (see Chap. 164, Laws 30th G. 
A.), to become available when the original appropriation provided by 
Chapter 195, Laws of the Twenty-ninth General Assembly, had been ex- 
hausted. 




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MINUTES OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 81 

Hostess. — Commissioner Trewin moved that Mrs. F. R. Conaway be 
appointed hostess of the Iowa Building at a salary of $75 per month, com- 
mencing the 20th day of April, 1904, and actual necessary traveling ex- 
penses. Motion prevailed. 

Claims. — Commissioner Shepherd, chairman, reported that the audit- 
ing committee had approved bills represented by claims numbered from 
197 to 244, inclusive, aggregating the sum of $11,706.42, and moved they 
be allowed with the stipulation that the warrant covering the payment of 
the final contract for the building be held in the hands of the secretary 
until he should receive the report of the committee on acceptance. 
Adopted. 

The president and secretary were authorized to request State Audit- 
or's warrant in the sum of $5,500, being actually necessary for disburse- 
ment, and that on account of expenses in installing exhibits, expenditures 
would exceed the amount in the treasury before another meeting of the 
Commission, the president and secretary were authorized to request State 
Auditor's warrant in the sum of $10,000 within the next thirty days, as 
being actually necessary for disbursement. Adopted. 

Employes. — Commissioner Trewin moved that all assistants in and 
about the building be under the control and direction of the custodian, 
subject to the control of the Commission, and that the custodian be author- 
ized to discharge employes in and about the Iowa Building for inefficiency 
or misconduct, subject to the approval of at least one Commissioner. 
Adopted. 

Commissioner Trewin moved that the executive committee be author- 
ized to select the number of employes for the Iowa Building and fix their 
compensation. Adopted. 

Auxiliary. — Mrs. Deemer, of the ladies' auxiliary committee, reported 
on her visit to Glenwood and suggested that a case be provided in the 
Iowa Building in which the hand sewing, lace work, burnt wood and wood 
carving of the inmates of the School for the Feeble-Minded at Glenwood 
could be exhibited. Referred to the executive committee. 

Commissioner Curtis moved that the matter of bric-a-brac, needlework 
or other material which may be thought desirable to have in the Iowa 
Building for decorative purposes be referred to the ladies' auxiliary com- 
mittee, which shall act with the approval of the executive committee. 
Adopted. 

Salvage. — Commissioner Trewin moved that all receipts for salvage 
be turned over to the secretary, be credited to the department from which 
it is derived, and to deposit the same with the treasurer, the secretary 
taking the treasurer's receipts for the same. 

Iowa Books. — Commissioner Witmer moved that the books by Iowa 
authors collected for exhibition be placed in the historical department of 
the state library at Des Moines, Iowa, after having been exhibited at the 
Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Motion prevailed. 

Unfinished Business. — Commissioner Harriman moved that any unfin- 
ished business be referred to the executive committee. Adopted. 



MEETING OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Savery House, Des Moines, March 2, 1904, 8:00 p. m. 
Chairman Witmer presiding. Present — Commissioners Curtis, Trewin 
and Leach. 

Paint. — Commissioner Shepherd was directed to re-paint the Iowa 
Building in accordance with plans suggested in his report filed with the 
Commission at the present meeting. 

Register and Post Office. — The register for the Iowa visitors at the 
Iowa Building, checks for the check room and post office fixtures were re- 
ferred to the secretary. 



82 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Furniture. — The purchasing of furniture for the Iowa Building was 
referred to Chairman Witmer and Commissioner Curtis. 

Press and Women's Clubs. — The program for the Iowa Building the 
week of May 16th, at the time of the meeting of the Press Parliament and 
Women's Clubs, was referred to Chairman Witmer, Commissioner Curtis 
and the secretary. 



Thursday, March 3, 1904, 10:00 a. m. 
Chairman Witmer presiding. 

Propositions were considered from several furniture houses in regard 
to furniture for the Iowa Building. 



MEETING OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Club Rooms, Savery House, Des Moines,, April 6, 1904, 2 p. m. 

Chairman Witmer presiding. Present — Commissioners Palmer, Cur- 
tis, Trewin and Leach. 

Furniture. — Chairman Witmer, of the special committee appointed to 
purchase furniture, reported a contract with the Harbach-Harris Com- 
pany and L. Harbach Company of Des Moines, for the furniture for the 
Iowa Building at wholesale price, plus 5 per cent and freight and installa- 
tion expenses, and that vouchers and other evidences of good faith in car- 
rying out this contract were to be presented before bills would be allowed, 
that the total cost of the furniture, including freight and installation, was 
not to exceed $4,000. Estimates were presented and considered by the 
committee. Upon motion of Commissioner Leach, the report of the sub- 
committee and the contract entered into with the two firms were ratified 
and approved. 

Employes. — Upon motion of Commissioner Trewin, the committee pro- 
ceeded to decide on the number of employes and fix compensation, as fol- 
lows: 

One postmaster* $60 per month 

One check room attendant 60 per month 

One watchman 65 per month 

One watchman 60 per month 

One information clerk* 60 per month 

Two janitors 40 per month 

Two toilet room attendants 40 per month 

Adopted. 

Upon motion of Chairman Witmer, Capt. G. S. Perry, of Des Moines, 
was selected as watchman. 

Upon motion of Commissioner Trewin, Robert Ewing** of Anamosa, 
was selected as watchman. 

Upon motion of Chairman Witmer, at the request of Commissioner 
Harriman, David G. Keith, of Goldfield, was selected as postmaster for 
six weeks. 

Upon motion of Commissioner Curtis, L. T. Kettering, of De Witt, 
was selected as check room attendant during the month of May, and John 
M. Palmer, of Mt. Pleasant, for the same position during the month of 
June. 

Upon motion of Commissioner Leach, James C. Byers** of Harlan was 
selected for information clerk. 

Commissioner Curtis moved that C. F. Wright, of Davenport, be se- 
lected for janitor. Motion lost; ayes 2, nays 3. 

*The duties of postmaster and information clerk were later assigned 
to the secretary's assistants and the positions abolished, 
**Declined. 



MINUTES OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 83 

Upon motion of Chairman Witmer Miss Ida Johnson of Dayton was 
selected as housekeeper. 

The selection of two toilet room attendants, man and wife, was re- 
ferred to Commissioner Curtis. 

Upon motion, the assistants in the secretary's office were retained as 
follows: 

Mrs. J. L. Wallingford $1 00 per month 

Robert B. Pike 60 per month 

Robert Leach GO per month 

The secretary was instructed to notify employes when to report at the 
Iowa Building- for duty. 

Governor's Suite. — Upon motion of Commissioner Trewin, Chairman 
Witmer and the secretary were requested to notify Governor Cummins 
that a suite of rooms had been set aside for Mrs. Cummins and himself 
at the Iowa Building, and it would be the desire of the committee, speak- 
ing for the Commission, to have them occupy the same as often as possi- 
ble during the life of the exposition. Adopted. 

President's Suite. — Commissioner Leach moved that the chairman 
and secretary notify President Larrabee that the suite set apart for the 
president of the Commission was at his disposal, and that it was the de- 
sire and hope of the committee that he and Mrs. Larrabee make it their 
home and occupy the same during the entire period of the exposition. 
Adopted. 



Evening Session, Savery House, 8:00 p. m. 

Historical. — Commissioner Ericson being present, brought up the mat- 
ter of an historical exhibit at the exposition, saying some action ought to 
be taken by the General Assembly, authorizing the transfer of oil paint- 
ings and exhibits from the State Historical Department to the exposition. 
Prof. WJ McGee, in charge of that department, having promised to pay 
a part of the expenses of the transfer and installation. Upon motion, 
Commissioner Ericson, Chairman Witmer, Commissioner Palmer and the 
secretary were appointed a committee to take such action as seemed nec- 
essary in the matter. 

Commissioner Leach read the report of the special committee appoint- 
ed to visit the Iowa Building and accept the same from the contractor. 
Adopted. 



ADJOURNED MEETING OF COMMISSION. 

Secretary's Office, Iowa Building, L. P. E. Grounds, 

St. Louis, Mo., April 29, 1904, 2:00 p. m. 

President Larrabee in the chair. Present — Commissioners Palmer, Up- 
degraff, Carruthers, Leach, Witmer, Bailey, Ericson and Whiting. 

Minutes of the March 2d meeting were approved. 

Minutes of the March 2d meeting of the executive committee were ap- 
proved. 

Minutes of the April 6th meeting of the executive committee were 
read as a report. Passed on file. 

Letter from Commissioner Trewin, who was unable to be present, 
asked that J. L. Stapley, of Marshalltown, Iowa, be placed on the list as 
one of the watchmen instead of Mr. Robert Ewing, declined. Referred to 
the executive committee. 

Letter from^ Commissioner Curtis, expressing his regret at not being 
able to be present at this meeting, was read. 

Letter from Commissioner Shepherd, who was unavoidably absent, 
reporting upon several matters referred to him concerning the building, 
was read. 




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MINUTES OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 85 

Commissioner Carriithers presented the name of Morris Mills of Des 
Moines for janitor to fill vacancy. Approved. 

Education. — P. J. Sessions, superintendent of the Iowa Educational 
Exhibit, reported that the Iowa exhibit was installed on April 27th, and 
was the first state exhibit to be installed in the Palace of Education. 

Decorations. — Commissioner Palmer reported that the committee on 
decorations had approved the decorations of the building and recommend- 
ed that the work of the decorators be accepted and a warrant issued to 
them for the payment of the contract price. Approved. 

The president appointed Commissioners Ericson and Leach to serve 
with Commissioner Carruthers on the auditing committee. 



April 30, 1904, 8:30 a. m. 

Resolution of Thanks. — Commissioner Palmer offered the following 
resolution: 

"Whereas, The magnificent pipe organ presented by President and 
Mrs. Larrabee for the use of the Commission during the fair being now 
practically complete and ready to be dedicated, and, 

"Whereas, Governor and Mrs. Larrabee have added so much to this 
building in the way of adornment, having presented to the Commission 
for its use during the exposition the wonderful mechanical singing birds, 
the four pieces of statuary, and the oil paintings; therefore, 

"Be It Resolved, That the thanks of this Commission be tendered to 
ex-Governor and Mrs. Larrabee for these beautiful gifts, and that this ex- 
pression of the Commission be made a part of the permanent record of 
its work." 

Commissioner Palmer moved the adoption of the resolution and put 
the motion. The Commission arose to its feet in unanimous adoption of 
the foregoing resolution. 

This being the opening day of the exposition, the Iowa Building was 
in readiness and an informal ceremony with music opened the building to 
exposition visitors and, Iowa took up her part in the exposition responsi- 
bilities. The program for opening day and invitation of the Exposition 
Company were read and the Commission took a recess for the purpose of 
attending the opening exercises of the exposition at the Louisiana Pur- 
chase Monument. (See Opening Day Cerem^onies.) 



Afternoon Session, 2:00 p. m. 
President Larrabee in the chair. 

Estimates for the expenses in the various departments were sub- 
mitted. 

Treasurer's statement — 

March 1, 1904, balance on hand $ 8,452.46 

March 4, by warrant 5,500.00 

March 24, by warrant 10,000.00 $ 23,952.46 

March 3 to April 15, checks drawn 14,855.15 

April 28, balance on hand 9,097.31 23,952.46 

The recommendations of rules contained in the report of the execu- 
tive committee, held April 6th, were then considered separately, amended 
and adopted. (See Rules.) 

The minutes of the executive committee meeting of April 6th were 
approved. 

Commissioner Witmer moved that the president and secretary be au- 
thorized to request State Auditor's warrant for $20,000, $15,000 to be 
drawn at once and $5,000 Avhen it becomes necessary for disbursement. 
Adopted. 













W ^tfHOWSMWW^W*********^' 




I(Oaned by President Larrabee. 
ADMIRAL DAVID GIvASCOE FARRAGUT, (Bronze Statue). 
Northeast Corner Iowa Building-. Geo. E. Bissell of New York, Sculptor. 



MINUTES OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 87 

Horticulture. — Commissioner Bailey made application for the approval 
of the Commission on the appointment of J. W. Murphy as director of ex- 
hibits, horticulture department, at $5 per day, working days, and C. O. 
Garrett as assistant superintendent at $3.50 per day, working days, and 
railroad expenses, limiting the mileage to three round trips. Adopted. 

Flags. — Commissioner Ericson moved that the executive committee 
be empowered to provide suitable flags for the Iowa Building. Adopted. 

Mines. — Commissioner Carruthers moved that he be authorized to em- 
ploy a superintendent in his department at a salary of $125 per month 
while he serves. Adopted. 

Rules. — Commissioner Witmer moved to amend Rule 14 to provide 
that the regular meeting for June, 1904, be changed to Tuesday, June 14, 
at 10:00 o'clock a. m., in the secretary's office, Iowa Building, World's 
Fair grounds. Adopted, all present voting in the affirmative. 

Commissioner Leach moved that the matter of preparing and issuing 
a booklet previously suggested hy Commissioner Witmer and discussed 
by the Commission, be referred to the committee on press, of which Com- 
missioner Witmer is chairman. Adopted. 

No Smoking. — Commissioner Bailey moved that smoking be prohibit- 
ed in the corridors and public rooms in the Iowa Building. Adopted. 



Evening Session, 8:00 p. m. 

President Larrabee in the chair. 

Claims. — Commissioner Carruthers, of the auditing committee, report- 
ed the bills approved, $11,023.85, by the auditing committee, and moved 
that the same be paid. Adopted. 

Vases for Veranda. — Commissioner Leach moved that Commissioner 
Carruthers be authorized to purchase not to exceed twenty-two staff vases 
made from Iowa gypsum for the verandas, and that plants be purchased 
for them and maintained by the department of minerals and geology, to 
an amount not to exceed $300, and that Commissioner Palmer be author- 
ized to superintend the work of erection of the same. Adopted. 



MEETING OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Secretary's Office, Iowa Building, April 30, 1904, 8:00 p. m. 
Chairman Witmer presiding. Present — Commissioners Leach and 
Palmer. 

Accounts. — The matter of consolidating certain funds, appropriations 
and accounts of the Commission on the ledger was referred to the secre- 
tary with power to arrange according to the plans outlined by the execu- 
tive committee. 

Vases. — Commissioner Carruthers reported that he had contracted 
with Mr. Wm. Meyer to furnish twenty-two vases for the porches around 
the building, to cost not to exceed $1G5, the same to be made and deliv- 
ered on or before the tenth day of May. Upon motion of Commissioner 
Palmer, the contract was approved. 

Filter. — The secretary was instructed to arrange for a filter for good, 
pure drinking water in the building. 

Insurance. — The secretary was instructed to notify Commissioner 
Shepherd, superintendent of construction, that it was the opinion of the 
executive committee that all insurance policies be canceled. 

Education. — P. J. Sessions, superintendent of the educational depart- 
ment, reported that, with the consent of Commissioner Trewin, he had 
arranged, subject to the approval of the Commission, with his son, C. M. 
Sessions, to take charge of the educational exhibit, including the janitor 
M'^ork, for $66 per month. Approved. 





> »^i.^i<v^Ba»^>SW!?S^;s«f.;^«*^i*^-«S£«»**^ 



lyoaned by President I^arrabee. 
GENERAI, WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN. (Bronze Statue). 
Northwest Corner of Iowa Building-. Geo. E. Bissel of New York, Sculptor. 



MINUTES OP THE IOWA COMMISSION. 89 

ADJOURNED MEETING OF COMMISSION. 

Secretary's Office, Iowa Building, St. Louis, Mo., 

Tuesday, June 14, 1904, 10:00 a. m. 
President Larrabee in the chair. Present Commissioners Palmer, Cur- 
tis, Harriman, Carruthers, Shepherd, Bailey, Ericson and Whiting. 
Minutes of the April 29th meeting approved. 

Minutes of the executive committee meeting, held on April 30th, ap- 
proved. 

Report of Treasurer Leach was read, as follows: 

April 28, 1904, balance on hand $ 9,097.31 

May 6, warrant 15,000.00 

June 6, refund insurance 197.73 $ 24,295.04 

Vouchers returned 18,004.71 

June 10, balance on hand 6,290.33 24,295.04 

Iowa Day. — The secretary submitted report on Iowa Day ceremonies 
as arranged by the executive committee, and, upon motion of Commis- 
sioner Ericson, the same was approved. 



Wednesday, June 15, 1904, 9:00 a. m. 

President Larrabee in the chair. 

Historical. — Dr. W. J. McGee, chief of the Department of Anthropol- 
ogy, presented a request for a janitor to take charge of the Iowa exhibit 
in his department. L^pon motion of Commissioner Harriman, the matter 
was referred to President Larrabee. 

Water. — Upon motion of Commissioner Bailey, the secretary was in- 
structed to procure sufficient pure drinking water to supply the occupants 
of the Iowa Building. 

Employes. — Upon motion of Commissioner Ericson, the secretary was 
authorized to employ an assistant watchman and an additional janitor at 
salaries not to exceed $60 per month. Adopted. 

Agriculture. — Commissioner Whiting moved that the salary of George 
S. Forest as superintendent of the department of agriculture be fixed at 
$125 per month from May 1st. Motion prevailed. 

Live Stock. — Upon motion of Commissioner Bailey, Commissioner 
Harriman was authorized to make such expenditures in the live stock de- 
partment within his appropriation as he deemed necessary for the exhibits 
in that department. Adopted. 



Thursday, June 16, 1904, 9:00 a. m. 
President Larrabee in the chair. 
Minutes of preceding sessions approved. 

The selection of a chaplain for Iowa Day ceremonies was left with 
the president. 



Afternoon Session, 2:00 p. m. 
President Larrabee in the chair. 

Inspection. — A recess was taken for the purpose of inspecting the ex- 
hibits from Iowa in the several exhibit palaces. 



Friday, June 17, 1904, 8:30 a. m. 
Commission met and proceeded to the parade preliminary to Iowa Day 
ceremonies. (See Ceremonies.) 




Ivoaned by President Larrabee. 

GENERAL GRENVILIvE MELLEN DODGE, (Bronze Statue). 

East of North entrance (main) of Iowa Building, in front of Secretary's office. J. Massey Rhind 

of New York, Sculptor. 



MINUTES OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 91 

Afternoon Session, 3:00 p. m. 

President Larrabee in the chair. 

Claims. — Commissioner Shepherd, of the auditing committee, made re- 
port of claims approved by the committee amounting to $10,0G9.G0. Upon 
motion of Commissioner Shepherd, the claims were allowed. 

Contract. — Upon motion of Commissioner Harriman, the warrant 
drawn in favor of E. W. Nichols & Co. for $238. GO was referred to Com- 
missioner Shepherd, to be turned over to the contractors when he was 
assured that the guaranty on the roof was satisfactory. 

Live Stock. — Commissioner Harriman. of the department of live stoci^, 
reported that, after conference with Chief Mills of the Exposition Live 
Stock Department, he had agreed to duplicate the premiums awarded by 
the exposition for live stock, paying pro rata such amounts as would be 
available from the appropriations set aside to his department. 

Warrant. — Upon motion of Commissioner Erlcson, the president and 
secretary were authorized to make request on the State Auditor for State 
Treasurer's warrants in the following amounts: $5,000 to be drawn im.- 
mediately in addition to the $5,000 authorized at the meeting of April 29th 
and remaining yet undrawn, and $10,000 as needed for disbursement. 



Saturday, June 18, 1904, 9:00 a. m. 

President Larrabee in the chair. 

IVlanufactures. — A letter was presented from Commissioner Leach, of 
the manufactures department, asking that an expenditure of $250 by the 
superintendent of that department be authorized, the same to be used m 
completing the booth and in rearranging the same. Adopted. 

On Duty. — Upon motion of President Larrabee, the secretary was in- 
structed to make arrangements and assignments with Commissioners so 
as to provide for one or two Commissioners to be on duty at the Iowa 
Building continuously until the close of the exposition. 



MEETING OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Savery House, Des Moines, July 21, 1904.. 

Chairman Witmer presiding. Present — Commissioners Trewin, Pal- 
mer and Leach. 

Commissioner Palmer was appointed secretary pro tem. 

Education. — It being called to the attention of the committee that F. 
J. Sessions, superintendent of the department of education, had resigned 
his position and that Commissioiner Trewin, in charge of that department, 
had appointed in writing C. M. Sessions as his successor from July 1, 1904, 
at a salary of $75 per month and $1G per month for janitor service, on mo- 
tion of Commissioner Leach the action of Commissioner Trewin was ap- 
proved. 

Agriculture. — Upon motion of Commissioner Trewin the action of 
Commissioner Whiting, in charge of the department of agriculture, in ap- 
pointing L. G. Clute to take charge of the agricultural exhibit during the 
absence of Superintendent Forrest, but suspending the salary of said For- 
rest during his absence, was approved. 

When Available. — Upon motion of Commissioner Trewin, stating that 
doubts had arisen as to the power of the Commission to draw any part 
of the $20,000 appropriated by the act of the Thirtieth General Assembly 
until all the specific amounts apportioned by the Commission to the sev- 
eral departments of the original $125,000 had been exhausted, it is ordered 
that an opinion of the Attorney General be obtained by the executive com- 
mittee in relation thereto. A communication was ordered addressed to 
the Attorney General for such purpose. 






Ilik 




Loaned by President Larrabee. 

COL. DAVID BREMNER HENDERSON, (Plaster Statute). 

West of North (main) entrance of Iowa Building-, in front of Assembly Hall. J. Massey Rhiad of 

New York, Sculptor. 



MINUTES OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 93 

Attorney General's Opinion. — The committee took a recess until 2:00 
o'clock. The committee was then advised by the Attorney General by 
phone that he had given the communication of the committee careful ex- 
amination and was constrained to the opinion that no part of the $20,000 
appropriation could be available for the uses of the Commission while 
any part of the specific respective amounts heretofore set apart by the 
Commission made by the Twenty-ninth General Assembly for the above 
purposes shall have been exhausted, and, further, that he would submit 
his formal written opinion in a short time. The chairman was directed to 
communicate this construction of the statute to the president of the Com- 
mission and its secretary at St. Louis and to all Commissioners. 



MEETING OP EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Iowa Building, St. Louis, Mo., August 5, 1904. 

Chairman Witmer presiding. Present — Commissioner Leach of the 
committee and Commissioners Carruthers and Bailey, representing their 
respective departments. 

Manufactures and iVlines. — Mr. C. B. Piatt, superintendent of minerals 
and geology department, having resigned, Commissioners Carruthers and 
Leach, in the interest of economy, reported that they had agreed to place 
Mr. A. C. Hutchins, superintendent of manufactures, in charge of both 
exhibits at a salary of $75 per month in full, and to divide the expenses, 
charging half to each of said departments. Approved. 

Horticulture. — After consultation. Commissioner Bailey reported that 
an agreement had been reached with Mr. J. W. Murphj^ and Mr, C. O. Gar- 
rett, that, beginning with the week of August 8, 1904, they were to re- 
ceive three hundred dollars each in full payment for their services to the 
close of the fair. Mr. Silas Wilson being absent, his acceptance to this 
agreement could not be secured. His compensation, however, was to be 
the same if he cared to accept; otherwise his services were to be dis- 
pensed with and Mr. Murphy and Mr. Garrett, with the approval of Com- 
missioner Bailey, were to have power to employ a helper at not to exceed 
$225 in full payment for services to the close of the fair. Commissioner 
Bailey, Messrs. Murphy and Garrett being present and approving of the 
foregoing arrangement, the same was ratified by the committee. 

Upon motion of Commissioner Leach, the secretary was instructed to 
arrange the payroll in accordance with this agreement for J. W. Murphy 
and C. O. Garrett, and, upon his acceptance, to include Silas Wilson on 
the same basis at the rate of $18.75 per week each. 



REGULAR MEETING OF COMMISSION. 

Commissioners' Rooms, Iowa Bldg., World's Fair Grounds, 

St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 7, 1904, 10:00 a. m. 

President Larrabee in the chair. Present — Commissioners Witmer, 
Palmer, Harriman, Updegraff, Trewin, Carruthers, Bailey, Ericson and 
Whiting. 

Minutes of the June 14th meeting approved. 

Executive Committee. — Chairman Witmer presented the report of the 
meeting of the executive committee, as follows: 

"First. — In view of the fact that there may not be another meeting 
•of the Commission before the close of the fair, the executive committee 
suggests the adoption of the following resolution: 

(Resolution giving power to executive committee to close up affairs 
.at St, Louis— Rule 8 (c).) 

Adopted. Ayes 10, nays none. 

Manufactures and Mines. — "Second. — The executive committee reports 
that Judge Carruthers, head of the department of mines and geology, and 




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MINUTES OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 95 

S. M. Leach, head of the department of manufactures and machinery, en- 
tered into a joint arrangement for the care and management of their re- 
spective booths by which the services of one superintendent, Mr. A. C. 
Hutchins, has been secured for both booths, and thus disposing of the ne- 
cessity of two superintendents required under the former arrangement."' 

Adopted. Ayes 10, nays none. 

Re-Apportionment. — "Third. — The executive committee, feeling that it 
had no authority to malve a re-apportionment of the funds, adopted the 
policy of arranging matters through heads of departments, but, in view of 
the fact that some of the departments have overdrawn their apportion- 
ment, it has become necessary to approve bills and to draw upon funds 
not especially set apart for the purpose for which the bills were incurred. 
It therefore asks that the action of the executive committee with refer- 
ence to such bills be approved by the general Commission." 

Adopted. Ayes 10, nays none. 

Funds. — "Fourth. — Resolved, That the Commission authorize the ex- 
ecutive committee to place unexpended funds and unnecessary balances 
in any department or fund in the contingent fund and to use same for the 
benefit of any other department or purpose." 

Adopted. Ayes 10, nays none. 

Limiting Expenditure. — "Fifth. — The executive committee asks the 
adoption of the following resolution: 

"Resolved, That the expenditures by the Iowa Commission to the Lou- 
isiana Purchase Exposition be limited to the $125,000 appropriated by the 
Twenty-ninth General Assembly." 

Commissioner Witmer moved the adoption of section five. Commis- 
sioner Harriman moved as a substitute to strike out section five. The 
chair ruled that a vote in the affirmative would sustain the resolution, 
and Senator Harriman asked for a roll call, which resulted as follows: 
Ayes — President Larrabee, Commissioners Witmer, Palmer, Updegraff 
and Trewin — 5. Nays — Commissioners Harriman, Carruthers, Bailey, 
Ericson and Whiting — 5. The resolution was declared by the chair to be 
lost. 

Library IVleeting. — ^"Sixth. — The executive committee recommends 
that the Iowa Building and use of the same for headquarters be tendered 
to the members of the Iowa Library Association present during the meet- 
ing of the National Library Association, and that a general reception be 
given at the Iowa Building, with an appropriation of $50 set aside for 
flowers and refreshments." 

Adopted. 

Treasurer Leach submitted the following report: 

June 10, 1904, balance on hand $ 6,290.33 

June 24, warrant 5,000.00 

June 24, warrant 5,000.00 

July 18, Supt. Agrl. Dept 7.16 

July 18, N. E. Coffin 6.00 

August 1, F. R. Conaway 5.20 

August 23, warrant 10,000.00 $ 26,308.69 

June 11 to August 31, checks drawn 14,442.70 

September 5, balance on hand 11.865.99 26,308.69 



Evening Session, 5:00 p. m. 

Claims. — The chairman of the auditing committee reported that the 
committee had examined bills filed, including estimate of expenses of 
Commissioners up to and including the 8th of September, vouchers for 
which are all properly filed, and moved that the same be approved, the 
amount being $4,069.46. Approved. 

Warrant. — Commissioner Trewin moved that the president and secre- 
tary be authorized to draw the balance of the appropriation of $125,000- 
as needed for disbursement. Adopted. 



96 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Education. — Commissioner Trewin moved that this Commission rec- 
ommend to the Board of Control that the twenty-two framed charts and 
twenty-eight charts in a case, used in the department of education, be 
turned over to the Historical Department of the State Library at Des 
Moines. Motion prevailed. 

Dairy. — Commissioner Ericson moved that the Commission recom- 
mend to the Board of Control that the map on exhibit in the dairy depart- 
ment at the exposition be returned to the State Dairy Commissioner's of- 
fice. Adopted. 

Horticulture. — Mr. Silas Wilson appeared before the Commission and 
offered his hearty co-operation in all the work of the horticultural depart- 
ment as laid out by the Commission and the chairman of that department. 

Estimates. — The president requested all Commissioners to prepare es- 
timates in their several departments, and to submit the same to the ex- 
ecutive committee at as early an hour the next day as possible. 

Invoices. — Commissioner Trewin moved that the Commissioner in 
charge of each department be requested to cause to be filed with the sec- 
retary at once a list of all the property of the state on hand in his de- 
partment, and also a list of the exhibits which it will be necessary to re- 
turn to exhibitors. Approved. 

Live Stock. — Mr. E. H. White, of the live stock department, appeared 
before the Commission and explained the late difiiculty in obtaining spe- 
cific information from the head of the live stock department of the expo- 
sition. The president presented the correspondence between the secretary 
of the Iowa Commission and President Francis regarding live stock mat- 
ters. Commissioner Trewin moved that the secretary be required to make 
a record of the entire correspondence with President Francis in regard to 
the live stock exhibit, and that the Commission approve the conduct of the 
secretary of the Iowa Commission and of the Iowa live stock department 
in reference to this matter. Motion prevailed. 



Thursday, September 8, 1904, 1:30 p. m. 
President Larrabee in the chair. 

Commission adjourned to meet in regular session on December 7th, 
at Des Moines. 



MEETING OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Commissioners' Rooms, Iowa Building, September 8, 1904. 

Chairman Witmer presiding. Presenter-Commissioners Palmer and 
Trewin. 

Estimates. — Chairman Witmer submitted reports from heads of de- 
partments and estimates for expenses to the close of the fair. The secre- 
tary was instructed to insist on the return of complete invoices from su- 
perintendents or heads of departments. The committee made estimates 
as to the limit of expense from September 8th to the close of the fair, in- 
cluding sufficient time after the close of the fair to enable the Commis- 
sion to make a suitable report to the Executive Council. 



REGULAR MEETING OF COMMISSION. 

Savery House, Des Moines, Dec. 7, 1904, 10:00 a. m. 
President Larrabee in the chair. Present — Commissioners Witmer, 
Palmer, Curtis, Carruthers, Leach, Shepherd, Ericson and Whiting. 
Minutes of the meeting of September 7th and 8th approved. 
The treasurer submitted a report in October as follows: 

September 5, 1904, balance on hand $ 11,865.99 

September 22, refund agricultural 3.81 $11,869.80 

September 13 to 30, checks drawn 5,819.95 

October 1, balance on hand 6,049.85 11,869.80 



MINUTES OF THE COMMISSION. 



97 



October 1, 1904, balance on hand $ 6,049.85 

November 26, warrant 7,500.00 $ 13,549.85 

October 1 to Dec. 6, checks drawn 6,326.05 

December 6, balance on hand 7,223.80 13,549.85 

Receipts from Board of Control. — Receipts were presented by Presi- 
dent Larrabee as per invoices for property received from the Iowa Com- 
mission at the Iowa Building and at the exhibit booths. The same were 
approved by the Commission. 

Booths. — Receipts and invoices were also presented by President Lar- 
rabee from G. S. Robinson, chairman of the Board of Control, for balance 
of salvage, which included all equipment, materials and exhibits in the ex- 
hibit booths except that which had been loaned. 

Resolutions. 

Cable Co. — By Commissioner Palmer: 

"Whereas, The Cable Company, of Chicago, Illinois, at the beginning 
of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, kindly tendered this Commission for 
its use in the Iowa Building as many Conover pianos as it might desire 
during the whole time of the exposition, to be kept in tune without ex- 
pense to the Commission; now, therefore, be it 

Resolved, That it is the unanimous sense of this Commission that 
there be tendered to the Cable Company the thanks of this Commission 
for its kindly generosity and to say that their pianos in use throughout 
the term of the exposition have highly delighted not only ourselves, the 
thousands of visitors, but the musical artists as well, who from time to 
time used them in our frequent musical programs, for which our building 
was distinguished; that they have been uniformly praised for their sub- 
stantial musical qualities, sound construction, as well as their handsome 
appearance; and it is with the sense of the highest appreciation that we 
commend them to the public in the highest terms." 

Adopted. 

Burroughs Adding Machine. — By Commissioner Leach: 

"Whereas, The Burroughs Adding Machine Company, through their 
local agents. Bender and Mason, of Des Moines, Iowa, tendered for the 




MANUFACTURERS' BUILDING. 



98 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

use of the Commission one adding machine, which, during the whole pe- 
riod of the exposition, has been of great practical untility and helpfulness 
to our financial clerks; therefore, be it 

"Resolved, That the thanks of this Commission be tendered to the 
Burroughs Adding Machine Company and its agents for this kindly cour- 
tesy, and that we heartily add our unanimous testimony to the effect that 
this machine has completely fulfilled every promise as to its faultless con- 
struction, efficiency and accuracy, and that we most heartily commend it 
as a complete and thorough machine in ever3/ respect." 

Adopted. 

Jewett Typewriter. — By Commissioner Leach: 

"Whereas, The Jewett Typewriter Company, of Des Moines, Iowa, ten- 
dered to this Commission the use of a Jewett typewriter during the period 
of the exposition, its officers, employes and visitors at the building on the 
exposition grounds; therefore, be it 

"Resolved, That the thanks of the Iowa State Commission be tendered 
to the Jewett Company for this courtesy, and that it is with pleasure that 
we most heartily commend the Jewett typewriter as a machine which 
gives satisfaction in every line, being durable, capable of rapid manipula- 
tion and easy to keep in order." 

Adopted. 

Remington Typewriter Co. — By Commissioner Leach: 

"Whereas, The Remington Typewriter Company, of New York, ten- 
dered to the Iowa State Commission the use of one of its machines dur- 
ing the exposition at St. Louis; now, therefore, be it 

"Resolved, That the thanks of this Commission be extended to the 
Remington Company for this courtesy, and to assure them that the ma- 
chine placed in the Iowa Building gave perfect satisfaction." 

Adopted. 

Cliamberlain IVledicine Co. — By Commissioner Palmer: 
"The Chamberlain Medicine Gomoany, of Des Moines, Iowa, having 
kindly furnished a supply of its remedies to this Commission for its use 
and that of its guests in the Iowa Building at St Louis, it is hereby de- 
clared to be the unanimous sense of this Commission that its thanks be 
tendered the Chamberlain Medicine Company for the timely, generous and 
thoughtful supply of its valuable medicines." 
Adopted, 

Iowa Publishing Company. — By Commissioner Witmer: 

"Whereas, The Iowa Publishing Company, of Davenport, Iowa, con- 
tributed large albums with illustrations of public buildings, cities and 
farm scenes, also distributing a large number of pamphlets containing 
full data of the resources of Iowa; now, therefore, be it 

"Resolved, That for this patriotic interest in the exploitation of Iowa's 
greatness at the exposition, as well as for the splendid workmanship 
shown in the large map furnished of the state, which hung in the Iowa 
State Building, and the souvenir booklet, the gratitude of this Commission 
be extended." 

Adopted. 

Puck Soap Company. — By Commissioner Leach: 

"Resolved, That the thanks of the Commission is hereby extended to 
the Puck Soap Company, of Des Moines, for supplying all soap used in the 
toilet rooms of the Iowa Building, without expense to the state." 

Adopted. 

G. & C. Merriam Company. — By Commissioner Curtis: 
"Whereas, The G. & C. Merriam Company, publishers, furnished to 
the Iowa Building a copy of the latest edition of Webster's Unabridged 
Dictionary, for use of the Commission, employes and visitors; therefore, 
be it 

"Resolved, That the thanks of the Iowa Commission are hereby ten- 



MINUTES OF THE COMMISSION. 99 

dered to these publishers for this courtesy and to express our apprecia- 
tion of this standard work." 

Adopted. 

Secretary. — Upon motion of President Larrabee, Secretary F. R. Con- 
away was continued as secretary of the Iowa Commission until the work 
of the Commission could be satisfactorily closed up, at the same salary. 

Auxiliary. — Commissioner Curtis presented the report of the women's 
auxiliary committee. (See report of department.) 

Horticulture. — Mr. Silas Wilson, superintendent of the department of 
horticulture, presented a partial report of the horticulture department, 
stating that, while the State Horticultural Society had volunteered a do- 
nation of $500 toward defraying the expenses of the horticulture depart- 
ment at St. Louis, the same had not been needed, and was still intact in 
the State Horticultural Society treasury. The written report was, upon 
motion of Commissioner Shepherd, referred to Commissioner Bailey for 
his approval before being acted upon by the Commission. 



Afternoon Session, 2:00 p. m. 

President Larrabee in the chair. 

Claims. — The executive committee, through the chairman, presented 
claims amounting to $2,440.91, and asked the approval of the Commission 
and payment of same. Approved. 

Honorary Member. — Upon motion of Commissioner Leach, President 
Larrabee was made an honorary member of the executive committee. 

Executive Committee. — Commissioner Witmer presented a resolution 
authorizing the executive committee to close up the affairs of the Com- 
mission. Adopted. (See Rules.) 

To the Secretary. — Commissioner Palmer introduced the following 
resolution and moved its adoption: 

"It is with a feeling of profound satisfaction that we can recall at 
this time the efficient and faithful services of Mr. F. R. Conaway, secre- 
tary of this Commission, and we desire now to express this satisfaction 
and to say that from the opening day of the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion to its closing day Mr. Conaway has discharged every duty of his po- 
sition to our entire and complete satisfaction. That he has been diligent 
and alert in carrying out the purposes and plans of this Commission,, 
which, without his executive industry and tact, would have fallen far 
short of complete fulfillment. That, as he has been prompt and efficient 
in discharging every duty in his relations to this Commission, so has he 
been in his exceptional courtesy to the vast multitudes who have visitedl 
the Iowa Building, worthy of the highest praise we are able to bestow. 
As the agent of this Commission and the intermediary between it and the; 
officials of the Exposition Company, in many instances, he has been vigi- 
lant, diligent, and in all things loyal to the interests of the state and its 
hundreds of exhibitors, and in many ways in this relation earned the 
hearty commendation of the Commission and the people of Iowa. 

"Ve therefore take this occasion to here spread upon the records of 
this Commission and to become a part of its history our unanimous appre- 
ciation of these, our secretary's, high and invaluable services, and com- 
mend him as a rare and worthy example of civic duty, and wish him in 
full measure that future happiness which a consciousness of duty well 
done should always bring to the faithful servant." 

Adopted. 

To the Hostess. — Commissioner Palmer offered the following resolu- 
tion: 

"To Mrs. F. R. Conaway, the gracious hostess of the Iowa Building at 
the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, this Commission desires to now ex- 
tend its grateful appreciation of her services. To her rare combination 



100 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

of gentleness, dignity and always commendable tact, with courtesy and 
welcome to all, she endeared herself not alone to this Commission but to 
the thousands who visited our building and met her in the conscientious 
daily discharge of her many duties as hostess. 

"To her the thanks of this Commission are due for the manner in 
which she made the Iowa Building a veritable house of welcome to thou- 
sands and gave it among all the state buildings of the exposition that 
marked and distinctive character which, as the days went by, made Iowa 
the synonym of graciousness and hospitality. 

"That she may know of this official apprecation by the adoption of 
this imperfect tribute is the earnest wish of this Commission." 

Adopted. 

To the Assistant Secretary. — Commissioner Shepherd offered the fol- 
lowing resolution: 

"Be It Resolved, That the Commission extend its thanks to Mrs. Wal- 
lingford, the unofficial member of the Commission, whose duty was simply 
'to do all the work;' whose unwearied industry and cheerful efficiency 
contributed so largely to the thorough administration of our office. The 
personal gratitude of many of the Commissioners is further due her for 
the many instances in which she has helped to make amends for their 
shortcomings from time to time. May she always meet with the apprecia- 
tion she deserves." 

Adopted. 

Chairman Entertains. — The Commissioners accepted the invitation of 
Commissioner Witmer to a dinner to be given the Governor, Commission- 
ers, officers and their ladies at the Savery House in the evening. 

Adjournment. — Upon motion of Commissioner Curtis, the Commis- 
sion adjourned subject to the call of the executive committee through the 
president. 



MEETING OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Savery House, December 7, 1904, 5:00 p. m. 

Chairman Witmer presiding. Present — Commissioners Palmer, Curtis 
and Leach. 

Office. — Upon motion of Commissioner Curtis, the matter of office 
rooms was left with the chairman and secretary. 

Assistant Secretary. — Upon motion of Commissioner Leach, Mrs. J. 
L. Wallingford, assistant secretary, was continued at $100 per month to 
complete the work of the Commission in closing up its affairs. 



MEETING OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Secretary's Office, Des Moines, December 30, 1904. 
Chairman Witmer presiding. Present — Conimissioners Palmer and 
Leach, 

Letters were read by the Secretary from President Larrabee, Com- 
missioners Curtis and Trewin, stating their inability to be present. 

Horticulture. — The secretary presented bills from Silas Wilson, for- 
mer superintendent of horticulture, and J. W. Murphy, director of exhib- 
its of the horticulture department, under the supervision of Commissioner 
S. Bailey, amounting to $187.50 each, which they claimed were due on ac- 
count of salary unpaid. 

Commisioner Palmer offered the following motion: 

"In view of the action of the executive committee pertaining to the 
salaries of Silas Wilson and J. W. Murphy, on August 5, 1904, and the ac- 
ceptance of the arrangement by Messrs, Wilson and Murphy, with full 
knowledge, I move that the claim be disallowed." 

Unanimously adopted, and the secretary was instructed to notify Mr, 
S. B. Allen, attorney for Messrs. Wilson and Murphy, of this action. 



MINUTES OF THE COMMISSION. 101 

Mr. C. O. Garrett, of the horticulture department, submitted a report 
of that department, which was received and referred to Commissioner 
Bailey, 

Live Stock. — Mr. E. H. White, of Estherville, superintendent of live 
stock department under direction of Commissioner Harriman, appeared 
and presented his report to the committee. The report was received and 
referred to Commissioner Harriman. 

Commissioner Leach offered the following motion: 

"I move that Mr. White be invited to go to St. Louis and procure a 
certified copy of the official schedule of awards of Iowa live stock exhibit- 
ors, showing the amount of money actually paid by the Louisiana Pur- 
chase Exposition to such exhibitors." 

Adopted. 

Evening Session, Savery House, 7:30 p. m. 
Final Report. — The plan for report to be prepared and printed was 
adopted and the secretary was instructed to proceed to the preparation of 
the same. 



Savery House, Des Moines, May 24, 1905, 9:00 a. m. 

Chairman Witmer presiding. Present Commissioners Palmer, Trewin 
and Leach, and Commissioner Bailey of the department of horticulture. 

The minutes of the previous meeting were approved. 

The committee then adjourned to the court house to appear as wit- 
nesses in the case of Silas Wilson vs. Iowa Commission. The trial of the 
case was commenced and continued throughout the day and until noon 
on Thursday, when the court decided in favor of the defendants. 



Evening Session, Savery House, 8:00 p. m. 

Chairman Witmer presiding. 

Final Report. — The committee proceeded to take up the question of 
the report prepared by the secretary and heads of departments and dis- 
cussed at some length the printing of the report, what should be eliminated 
and what should not, and the expense of the same, and decided that the 
report should be printed in the form of an accurate compendium. 



May 25, 1905, 11:30 a. m. 

Chairman Witmer presiding. 

The committee continued the examination of the reports. 

The secretary was instructed to abridge the proceedings of the Com- 
mission and the reports of departments, the details thereof being stated 
to him verbally. 



Afternoon Session, 2:00 p. m. 
Chairman Witmer presiding. 

Claims. — Bills were presented in the amount of $1,223.68, and, having 
been previously audited, were allowed and warrants ordered to be issued 
for the same. 

Commissioner Trewin offered the following motion: 

"I move that the chairman of this committee and Commissioner Leach 
and Secretary Conaway be a committee to confer with the Governor and 
Executive Council, if need be, in reference to the publication of the report 
of the Commission." 

Adopted. 

Salaries. — Commissioner Trewin moved that the salary of the assist- 
ant secretary be discontinued on the first day of June; that the present 
salary of the secretary be discontinued on the first of May. it being un- 



102 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

derstood that the secretarj^ will superintend the printing and publishing 
of the report, reading of the proof and distribution of said report, and 
maintaining the office in his home, conducting such necessary correspond- 
ence as may be, the compensation for which services is to be decided 
later. Adopted, 

Report. — Commissioner Trewin offered the following resolution: 

"Resolved, That a cloth-bound edition of 2,000 copies of report of the 
Commission be printed for distribution to the libraries of the state, to 
members of both houses, to state officials and to schools and colleges, and 
to the state libraries of each state and to the Congressional library, and 
to the newspapers of Iowa, the estimated cost of which will be from $1,500 
to $2,000." 

Resolution adopted. 

Warrant. — Commissioner Palmer offered the following: 

"Whereas, The appropriation of $125,000, made by the Twenty-ninth 
General Assembly, Chapter 195, for making an exhibit at the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition, has been exhausted by the Commission for the pur- 
poses set forth in said law, and, 

"Whereas, All the respective, specific amounts heretofore set apart 
by the Iowa Commissioners of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition from 
the appropriation made by the Twenty-ninth General Assembly for said 
purposes have been exhausted, and, 

"Whereas, The Commission has incurred obligations and will require 
about $2,500 for the purpose of paying the same; therefore, be it 

"Resolved, That the president and secretary of this Commission be 
and are hereby authorized and directed to make requisition upon the Au- 
ditor of State for a state warrant in the sum of $2,500 out of the appropri- 
ation made by the Thirtieth General Assembly, Chapter 1G4, for an emer- 
gency contingent fund, same to be deposited with the treasurer of this 
Commission and so much thereof as may be necessary to be used for the 
purposes of completing the work and publishing the report of the Com- 
mission, and the balance, if any, to be turned back into the state treas- 
ury." 

Resolution unanimously adopted. 

Office. — The secretary stated the office in the Observatory Building 
would be concluded, and that with permission of the committee, he would 
remove the various records and other property necessary to complete the 
work to his own premises, 1804 Arlington avenue, Des Moines, before the 
9th day of June. 

Press.' — Chairman Witmer moved that the five copies of the news- 
papers of the state, collected by the department of press and publicity 
and bound by the Koch Printing Company, be sent as follows: One to the 
State Historical Department of the State Library; one to the State Li- 
brary; one to the Historical Department at Iowa City; one to the library 
at the Iowa State College, Ames; one to the Normal School, Cedar Falls. 

Commissioner Palmer moved that the clippings from newspapers and 
such other things preserved for that purpose, gathered by the secretary 
during the exposition, be deposited with the State Historical Department 
at Des Moines; also that the bound volumes of the Bulletins and the 
Daily Programs, with such other material collected for that purpose by 
the secretary, be divided and deposited as he in his judgment may deem 
advisable to the State Historical Department and State Historical Society. 



Savery House, Des Moines, December 11, 1905, 8 p. m. 

Chairman Witmer presiding. Present — Commissioners Trewin and 
Leach. 

Minutes of previous meetings approved. 

Chairman Witmer presented draft of the report of the executive com- 
mittee for consideration. 

Accounts Audited. — The following report of Commissioner Shepherd, 



MINUTES OF THE IOWA COMMISSION. 



103 



who had been selected to audit the accounts of the treasurer and secre- 
tary, was presented: 

"November 30 and December 1, 1905, by direction of the Executive 
Committee, I made a careful examination of the accounts of the Commis- 
sion, as shown by the treasurer and secretary in their reports and by their 
books, and find that every cent of expenditure has been accurately ac- 
counted for, and that the balance, as shown by the secretary's books as 
being in the hands of the treasurer, agrees perfectly with the report made 
by the treasurer. I herewith hand you report of receipts and disburse- 
ments. I desire to congratulate the Commission upon the systematic and 
comprehensive manner in which its accounts have been managed by the 
treasurer and secretary." 

"W. T. SHEPHERD, Chairman Auditing Committee." 

The report was adopted and the secretary instructed to add to the 
expenditures in the financial statement the amounts allowed by the com- 
mittee at this meeting, and to insert the same as a final financial state- 
ment in the report of the executive committee, which was to be the letter 
of transmittal of the committee. 

The secretary reported that the book had all been printed with the 
exception of the pages containing the closing meeting of the committee 
and its final report and index. 



December 12, 8 p. m. 

The committee resumed the consideration of its report, and the same 
was adopted. (See page 11.) 

Flags. — The claim of the custodian of the state house of $50 for flags 
not returned was presented. The correspondence relating to the matter 
between the secretary and Board of Control was shown and the committee 
decided that, inasmuch as the Board of Control had by an error distrib- 
uted the flags to the various state institutions under its control, it should 
return them to the custodian. 

The compensation of the secretary for editing and preparing the re- 
port, making the index, forwarding the books to the persons named in the 
resolution providing for its publication, was fixed at $750. 

The president and secretary were authorized to request State Audit- 
or's warrant to cover the cost of preparing and printing the report, and 
to draw from the funds available for such purpose. 

The minutes of the meeting were read and were approved. 

Upon motion of Commissioner Leach the committee adjourned. 




v&v*»3^(V-«' t^M »W«'*iW^*'#SGs9S^fai«3!a&Sfej6^ 



CITY OF ST. LOUIS. 




VARIED INDUSTRIES BUILDING. 




Georg-e H Adams and Sons, Sidney, la. 
Block 10, Department Taxidermy, Forestry Building. 



PART II.— REPORTS OF DEPARTMENTS.— CONTENTS. 

Construction and Salvage. 

Education. 

Iowa State College. — Iowa State University. 

Historical and Anthropology. 

Woman's Work. 

Press and Exploitation. 

Live Stock. — Agriculture. — Apiary. — Dairy. 

Dairy Cow Demonstrations. 

Horticulture. 

Manufactures. — Mines and Minerals. 

Individual Exhibitors. 





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CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING. 



107 



Construction of Building 



To Hon. William Larrabee, President Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
Commission of Iowa. 

Dear Sir— In accordance with the precedent established in the other 
departments, it seems proper that the superintendent of this department 
should give some account of the matters therein, even though the account 

be brief and the events chronicled are 
of a necessity of less general interest 
than the exhibition departments. 

It is true that a part of this sec- 
tion, forestry and lumber, fish and 
game, were originally contemplated as 
exhibition features. A little considera- 
tion will, however, show that Iowa has 
little to exploit in these lines. While 
we manufacture considerable lumber, 
it is from logs brought down the Mis- 
sissippi, and the hardwood mills are 
too small to be of much commercial 
importance. 

The matter of artificial groves and 
re-forestration is one of interest, but 
has hardly yet been generally recog- 
nized as of any commercial impor- 
tance. It has so far been rather an ar- 
tistic and scientific proposition. Un- 
der the circumstances, your superin- 
tendent felt compelled to ignore the 
educational value of such an exhibit in the face of the many responsibili- 
ties facing the Commission along other lines which were of more popular 
importance. As the available funds were plainly inadequate to do justice 
to all, the forestry, lumber, fish and game were dropped from considera- 




*COMR. W. T. SHEPHERD. Harlan, 
Superintendent of Construction. 



*Commissioner William T. Shepherd, Harlan, lumberman; born May 
IG, 18G3, near West Liberty, Iowa. His father was a farmer, of Scotch- 
Irish descent. Commissioner Shepherd graduated from the Iowa State 
University at Iowa City in the class of 1883. He immediately took up the 
lumber industry as an occupation, and has been connected continually 
since with the Green Bay Lumber Co., serving that institution now as its 
auditor. Was elected Mayor of Harlan several years and has occupied a 
number of positions of trust. He was unanimously selected by the Iowa 
Commission as superintendent of construction for the Iowa Building, and 
is given the credit for the splendid results in the construction departmxent, 
securing the largest and best building on the exposition grounds for the 
least money. He served on the building committee and was chairman of 
the auditing committee. Mr. Shepherd was married May 15, 1890, to Miss 
Cora Ramsey, of Harlan, Iowa. They have one child, a son, Allan. 







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CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING. 109 

tion. In doing this, we yielded to, rather than endorsed the utilitarian 
spirit of the times. 

Hence it happens that this report will deal only with the building, 
which was the only branch of the department that was actually carried 
out. 

It was early decided that the building should be an important feature 
of the state's exhibit. It was felt that the impression made upon the peo- 
ple at large by the building would be one of the most lasting effects of 
our exhibit. Consequently, $39,000 was appropriated for that purpose, and 
the architects of Iowa asked to submit bids, per circular letter prepared 
by the secretary. 

In response to this call, sixteen plans were submitted December 19, 
1902, and given a full consideration, the merits of each being explained to 
the Commission by the presenting architect. The Commission then adopt- 
ed the plans of Proudfoot & Bird, with John Spencer, of Dubuque, second 
choice, and Liebbe, Nourse and Rasmussen, of Des Moines, third. Con- 
tract was made with Proudfoot & Bird to furnish plans and details at a 
fee of 3 per cent of the cost of the building, not to exceed $44,000, with $10 
per day and expenses for supervision. 

Commissioners Shepherd, Palmer and Leach were appointed as a 
building committee, and instructed to advertise for bids as soon as the 
architects should complete their work. The plans were on exhibition Jan- 
uary 30th and the letting set for February 25, 1903, at which time the 
committee received and opened ten bids, varying from $34,935 to $46,106, 
the first being the bid of E. W. Nichols & Co., of Des Moines, to whom the 
contract was awarded, subject to the approval of the executive committee. 
On March 4, 1903, me executive committee, with the full Commission, met 
in Des Moines and ratified the building committee's award and form of 
contract. At this meeting W. T. Shepherd was appointed superintendent 
of construction, with power to appoint an acting assistant superintendent, 
Mr. J, O. Wickersham, an experienced contractor and builder, of Harlan, 
was appointed assistant superintendent of construction, 

A short time before this, the building committee had visited St. Louis 
and definitely established the site. President Francis and Director of 
Works Taylor had early promised that Iowa should have as good as the 
best. They certainly were as good as their word. The surveys were not 
fully completed on the Plateau of States, but the committee, with the sur- 
veyor, selected their site and placed a bill board announcing the fact and 
giving the names and addresses of the architects and superintendent. This 
was done with two objects in view; first, that prospective bidders might 
know where they were to build, and, second, to prevent the site being lost 
in the possible confusion of road work, as well as other assignments. The 
event proved the wisdom of this, for such sweeping changes were made 
on the Plateau of States that we were even then compelled to move a trifle 
down the hill, necessitating an additional expense of $1,087 in the founda- 
tion. 

The plumbing was let to L. H. Kurtz, of Des Moines, for $2,343, with 
an offer of $400 for the salvage. Later, the contract for painting and dec- 
orating was let to Wm, G. Andrews, of Clinton, for $2,500, and the walks 
and landscaping to Theo. Thorwegson, of St. Louis, for $1,065. 



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112 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Work was begun upon the building about April 1st and pushed vigor- 
ously forward, so that most of the rough material was on the ground and 
the frame partially up at the dedication ceremonies, April 30, 1903. Iowa 
was the first state tO' begin work on her building. 

The superintendent's report of May 29, 1903, shows that the building 
was raised, insurance placed and application filed for sewerage and water. 

On August 25, 1903, the flag was raised on the Iowa Building with ap- 
propriate ceremonies, attended by President Francis, Secretary Stevens 
of the exposition and others. (See Flag Raising.) 

The superintendent's report of November 27, 1903, shows the building 
practically completed as to exterior; plastering done and interior finish 
in place, except stairs and finish fioors. The latter were changed from 
three inch to four inch because the former could not be procured in the 
city and shipments seemed interminably delayed. The landscaping was 
done as far as the season would permit and the walks postponed until 
spring, though the contract was closed at 15 cents per foot. 

Upon March 1, 1904, the superintendent reported the building com- 
pleted and ready for acceptance. He also reported that the balance due 
with the few extras would exceed the building appropriation proper by 
$744.97, $600 of which he estimated would be offset by the unexpended 
balance in the grounds fund, and recommended the repainting of the build- 
ing before the opening of the exposition, as paint holds only a short time 
on staff and some leaks were reported through the siding. It was decided 
to repaint the exterior according to his suggestion, and the contract was 
awarded Wm. G. Andrews, for $500, he being the lowest bidder. 

Pursuant to the request of this report, Commissioners Leach, Car- 
ruthers and Shepherd were appointed to inspect the building and report 
as to its acceptance. Upon March 9, 1904, a formal report recommending 
the acceptance of the building and the payment of the balance due, signed 
by the above named Commissioners and the architects, was filed with the 
secretary. Upon April 29, 1904, this report was received by the Commis- 
sion and the building formally accepted. 

This ended the work of your superintendent except an ex-oflicio super- 
vision in mechanical matters, which, I am happy to say, was a very small 
item, there being only a few trifling repairs and the purchase of screens. 

The building cost as follows: 

Cost. Estimate. 

Building proper $40,147.02 $39,000.00 

Plumbing 3,176.99 3,000.00 

Decorating 2,500.00 3,000.00 

Grounds 1,238.00 1,000.00 

Insurance 872.32 900.00 

Fixtures 1,378.03 

Total $49,312.36 $46,900.00 

Most of the extras were due to arbitrary conditions, as high pressure 
water system for fire protection, and other requirements by the exposition 
authorities for protection against fire and disease, as well as for the pre- 
servation of harmony in the artistic features of the grounds. While these 
points were well taken, they were, of course, unforeseen by us, as 
well as by the exposition people until the emergency arose. Our treat- 



CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING. 113 

ment at their hands was uniformly courteous and altogether commendable. 
Their's was a trying situation and they deserve more credit than they will 
ever get. 

In this connection, I wish to return special thanks to that genial gen- 
tleman, Charles M. Reeves, chief of the department of domestic exploita- 
tion, who stood our friend on every occasion, and granted our every de- 
mand when possible. 

Our building was conceded to be the best built and best finished build- 
ing on the grounds; to be one of the largest and handsomest, and yet its 
cost was hardly up to the average. This happy result was due to the fact 
that the Commission commenced early and pushed through the separate 
stages of construction when nothing else was doing in that line, and the 
mechanics were waiting for the grand rush that was to come and did 
come. When it did come in each line we were far beyond that stage. 

The building was constructed with an eye to salvage when it should 
pass into the hands of the Board of Control. 

How well we succeeded and what the exact value of this salvage to 
the state may be, cannot at this time be accurately determined. Indeed, 
it may in a great measure always be a matter of opinion. 

Be that as it may, the proposition of salvage looked so feasible to the 
Board of Control that they far exceeded the expectation of the Commission 
in the extent to which the scheme of salvage was carried. The Commis- 
sion originally expected that little would be saved beyond the dimension 
lumber and mill work, that is, in the building proper. The Board of Con- 
trol, however, succeeded in saving even the flooring and lath, in addition 
to the items originally considered salvage. They have already received 
a handsome rebate on their contract at Knoxville for some of this mill- 
work. 

The turning of the salvage into cash was never contemplated by the 
Commission but that the salvage might serve the state in lieu of new ma- 
terial, as the Knoxville incident illustrates. The millwork alone cost about 
$6,000, and this would run a very high per cent of salvage. This, with the 
other items so carefully preserved by the Board of Control, will, we be- 
lieve, be ultimately worth at least $8,000 to the state in the course of its 
numerous and varied building operations. 

We are informed by the honorable board that the site has been re- 
stored to the satisfaction of the exposition authorities and that this fact 
has been formally certified by the director of works. We are certainly 
under obligation to these gentlemen for the prompt and efficient discharge 
by them of the contract that we were obliged to enter into when we took 
possession of the grounds. 

In conclusion, I desire to thank the Commission for their confidence 
and support in the work, as well as their very generous appreciation of 
my labors. I also desire to commend the architects, Proudfoot & Bird, 
for their prompt and efficient delivery of the plans and details, as well as 
hearty co-operation throughout the work; B. W. Nichols & Co., for the 
thorough and honest way in which they did their work; and Mr. J. O. 
Wickersham, the acting superintendent, for the knowledge and experi- 
ence, tempered with justice toward all, that so promoted the work and 



114 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



prevented friction; and, in fact, all connected with the work, for it all 
looked good to me. These associations and results will always make the 
work and the workers a pleasant memory to me. The work itself h^s 
come and gone; the verdict is in the minds of the people who saw it. 
Respectfully submitted, 

W. T. SHEPHERD, 
Commissioner in Charge of Construction. 




IOWA BUILDING. 
From Portico of the Kansas Building-, taken May 30, 1904. 



SALVAGE FROM THE COMMISSION. 



115 



Salvage From the low^a Building 



REPORT OF BOARD OF CONTROL. 

Des Moines, December 6, 1904. 
To Hon. William Larabee, President Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
Commission of Iowa. 

Dear Sir — Herewith you have in- 
ventory of the Iowa State Building, 
fixtures and furniture, at the Louisi- 
ana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 
Missouri, which closed December 1, 
1904. The inventory was carefully 
made by Mr. Freeman R. Conaway, 
secretary of the Commission, and 
the writer, assisted by the house- 
keeper. Miss Ida Johnson, and Mrs. 
Mary Spencer, her assistant, and 
other employes of the Commission. 
Orders were given to all employes 
that no furniture or furnishings 
should be moved during the time the 
inventory was being taken, and com- 
mencing on the third floor, we listed 
each and every article as found in 
the respective rooms, halls and cor- 
ridors in the building. The miscel- 
laneous list of small articles was 
made after they were collected to- 
gether, and we believe that the omissions are very few. 
Sincerely yours, 
BOARD OF CONTROL OF STATE INSTITUTIONS, 

By John Cownie. 




G. S. ROBINSON, 
Chairman Board of Control. 



St. Louis, Mo., December 2, 1904. 
In compliance with Chapter One Hundred Sixty-five (165), Laws of 
the Thirtieth General Assembly, the following list of furniture and fur- 
nishings at the Iowa State Building, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. 
Louis, Missouri, was inventoried on November 30 and December 1, 1904, 
by F. R. Conaway, secretary of the Commission, and John Cownie, of the 
Board of Control of State Institutions of Iowa: 

Inventory. 

Eighteen iron beds, double; two brass beds, double; twenty springs 
(bed) ; forty-four mattresses (includes small mattresses on cots) ; one hun- 
dred twenty-five sheets, cotton; fifty pillows; one hundred twenty-five pil- 
low cases, cotton; forty double blankets, wool; eleven double blankets, 
cotton; twenty-four doilies; eighteen dressers, oak; two dressers, mahog- 
any; ten wardrobes, poplar; five chiffoniers, oak; three pairs portieres: 



116 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



twenty chairs, cane; thirty-six small arm chairs, cane; twelve large arm 
porch rockers, cane; twelve settees, painted red; two hundred ninety-five 
folding chairs; six chairs, Flemish oak; six arm chairs, Flemish oak; three 
oflEice chairs, mahogany; one davenport, mahogany; one high back plush 
chair, mahogany; one leather chair, mahogany; three chairs, rattan; four 
leather seat office chairs, oak; two leather seat arms chairs, oak; four 
leather seat chairs, oak; six kitchen tables, 2 ft. 6 in. x 4 ft.; seventeen 
small bedroom tables; one table, Flemish oak, 3 ft. x 8 ft.; four tables, 
mahogany, 2 ft. 6 in. x 4 ft.; one round table, Flemish oak, 3 ft. diameter; 
one table, pine, janitor's room, 2 ft. x 3 ft.; six library tables, oak, 3 ft. x 
6 ft.; one table, oak, polish center; two round tables, pine, 3 ft. diameter, 
(back porch); one table, Flemish oak; one table, rattan; one small table; 
one office table, oak, 3 ft. 6 in. x 2 ft. 4 in.; two small sofas, mahogany; 
one sofa, rattan and leather; two chairs, rattan and leather; five costu- 
mers; forty-eight rockers, cane; twenty-three rockers, rattan; five rock- 
ers, mahogany; tvx^o leather rockers, mahogany; four office rockers, ma- 
hogany; eight arm rockers, cane; three sofas, rattan; one carpet, 13 ft. x 
21 ft.; two carpets, 21 ft. x 30 ft.; five carpets, 9 ft. x 12 ft.; one cot, rat- 
tan; one mattress for cot; one carpet, 33 ft. x 21 ft.; two carpets, 24 ft. x 
15 ft'.; one desk, mahogany; one desk, cherry; one desk, Flemish oak; 
three typewriter desks; one lady's desk, mahogany; one office desk, three 
sections, 23 ft., and gate; one roll top desk, oak, polished; one filing case, 
oak, nine sections; one Remington typewriter (educational ex- 
hibit); two mirrors, 23 in. x 15 in.; six mirrors, 16 in. x 28 in.; two mir- 
rors, 18 in. X 40 in.; one organ mirror, 14 in. x 21 in.; one dressing mirror, 
in frame, 4 ft. G in. x 1 ft. 10 in.; eleven skirt boxes; twenty-nine waste 
baskets; one water cooler; seventy-one bath towels; two hundred twenty 
hand towels; one hundred thirty-two roller towels; five bath rugs; thirty- 
six pairs curtains ; twenty-two hat racks ; three sets gas logs and andirons, 
brass; five sets gas logs and andirons, iron; eighteen rugs, bedroom, 3 ft. 
X 6 ft.; eight fire extinguishers; fifty-one bed quilts; two china closets, 
mahogany; 3 ft. G in. x 5 ft. 6 in.; one music case, mahogany, 2 ft. x 5 ft., 

single door; two bookcases, mahog- 
any, 5 ft. 2 in. X 3 ft. 10 in., double 
doors; one music case, mahogany, 1 
ft. G in. X ^ ft. G in. (to go with or- 
gan) ; three pieces cocoa matting, 9 
yds. each; one piece cocoa matting, 
14 yds. ; one piece cocoa matting, 8 
yds.; two pieces cocoa matting, 13 
yds.; one piece cocoa matting, 
5 yds.; three pairs of curtains, 
madras; two single curtains, ma- 
dras; four pairs sash curtains, 
madras; seventeen chamber sets, 
three pieces; fiJteen towel racks; 
one oil stove, P. & A., 1973; twelve 
cots; two cots, rattan; one com- 
mode; one mimeograph, oscillating; 
six gas stoves; one folding table: 
fourteen closets, toilet; five bath 
tubs; one urinal, two stalls; eleven 
lavatories; three screens; fourteen 
flags; one step ladder, 8 ft.; one step 
ladder, 5 ft.; six newspaper racks; 
one rope, % in.; one rake, wood; 
one rake, steel; one hose reel; one 
bulletin board; one extension lad- 
der; three garbage cans; two hun- 
dred fL hose on reel, three-fourths inch.; one awning, 10 ft. x 43 ft., with 
iion pipe and wood on building; one tank and filter attached, property 




JOHN COWNIE, 
Board of Control. 



SALVAGE FROM THE COMMISSION. 117 

of Simmons Hardware Company; one large pipe organ, seventy-four music 
rolls for symphonies, 90 gospel hymns, to go with organ; two rugs, 11 x 9 
ft.; one rug, 8 x 10 ft.; one rug. 11 x 17 ft.; one water motor for organ, 
complete, to go with organ; seven brushes, hair; two combs, aluminum, 
hair; one comb, rubber, hair; eight brushes, clothes; seven vases, glass; 
twenty-two sherbet glasses; one soup ladle .silver plated, Rogers & Ham- 
ilton; two chamber pails, tin; nine pails, fiber; two patent pails, with roll- 
er wringers; six carpet sweepers. National's Monarch; seven mops, cotton; 
two mop handles; two pails, wood; two pails, tin; ten scrubbing brushes; 
four window cleaners; ten sponges; four cans Butcher's floor polish; for- 
ty-six water pitchers; thirteen shaving mugs; one base lemonade bowl; 
eleven brooms; seven floor brushes; five handles for floor brushes; three 
hand dusting brushes; one spade, never used; three dustpans; eight rolls 
toilet paper, forty-four glass tumblers; four tin candlesticks; four soap 
dishes, granite; one can kerosene, 1 gal.; four cans Polishine for windows; 
one can Le Page's liquid glue; two trays, tin (rusted) ; eleven soap dishes, 
porcelain; six feather dusters; two carpet beaters; one lemon squeezer, 
glass; one plunger, Poor Man's Friend; one brush, window washer and 
handle; one snow shovel, light; one butcher knife; seven hair brushes; 
forty-eight cuspidors; two boxes Puck's Mechanics Soap; one-fourth box 
Puck's Mechanics Soap; one mouse trap; one ice pick; two pieces burlap, 
red; two pieces burlap, green; one revolving punch; three galvanized iron 
cans in ladies' toilet room; five window sash lifters; one postal scale and 
one .Tewett typewriter, to be delivered in Des Moines. Iowa, they being 
now in use. 

In addition to the foregoing, the Iowa State Building, including gas 
and electric fixtures, window shades with fixtures, screen doors and 
screens for windows, plumbing, gas and water pipes and fire hose installed 
in the building were received in excellent condition at the close of the 
exposition, the furniture being practically as good as new, without a 
scratch to mar it, and the building both inside and outside as good as when 
built, all evidencing that the best of care had been given the property of 
the state during the exposition by those in charge. 

The receipt of the Iowa Building at the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion, including all fixtures and furnishings as enumerated in the foregoing, 
is hereby acknowledged. 

BOARD OF CONTROL OF STATE INSTITUTIONS, 

By John Cownie. 

The invoices for the exhibits, materials, equipment, furniture and 
booths located in the various exhibit buildings, as made by Chairman Rob- 
inson, of the Board of Control, and the Commissioners in charge and su- 
perintendents of the departments, checked from the records in the sec- 
retary's office, with receipts for same from the Board of Control, accom- 
panied the above report. These invoices and receipts will be filed with the 
vouchers of the Commission in the office of the Executive Council. 



Des Moines, June 13, 1905. 

To F. R. Conaway, Secretary, Iowa Commission, Louisiana Purchase Ex- 
position. 

Dear Sir — We have completed the preliminary estimate of the value 
of the property of the state used at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and 



118 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 




delivered to us at the close of the ex- 
position as ascertained from its worth 
when sold or removed to this state, 
as provided by Chapter 165, Acts of 
the Thirtieth General Assembly. 

There was a market value for 
but little of the property delivered 
to us, and we were not able to ob- 
i^i« tain any offer for the building, nor 
for much of the personal property. 
We sold a portion of the staff and a 
few steel beams from the building, 
and a few articles used in connec- 
tion with various exhibits, . but to 
take proper care of the remainder of 
the property, we were compelled to 
organize a wrecking crew; that re- 
moved and packed the furniture and 
fixtures and took down the building, 
L. G. KiNNE loading on to cars the lumber and 

Board of Control. , , j. • i ^ ^e • j. i j. 

other material of sufficient value to 
ship. All of the furniture, fixtures and material thus shipped have been 
distributed and values computed. The showing is as follows: 

Property sold — 

Material from Iowa Building $ 68.16 

Lumber, grains, honey and other personal 

property 224.20 $ 292.36 

Delivered to the State Department of Agriculture — 
From Horticulture Building — show case for 
honey, tables for display of fruit, rail- 
ing, furniture and other property $ 748.20 

Prom Manufactures Building — brass railing 20.00 
From Agriculture Building — grains, show 
cases, furniture, glass jars and other 

articles 448.00 

Iron railing 30.00 1,246.20 

Distributed among state institutions under our control — 
Building material from Iowa Building. .. .$3,982.57 
Building material from Palace of Educat'n 20.00 

Fixtures from Iowa Building 2,225.50 

Furniture and furnishings 3,077.23 

Fruit from horticultural exhibit 30.00 9,335.30 

Aggregate $10,873.86 . 

In addition, we received and delivered property not having any market 
value as follows: 

Cost. 

One large wall map of Towa, to Executive Council $1,800.00 

One map of Iowa for dairy exhibit, to Department of Ag- 
riculture 50.00 

Twenty-two charts from educational exhibit, delivered to 

Historical Department 118.75 

Twenty framed charts from Mines and Metallurgy 

Building - 22.00 

Total $1,990.75 



SALVAGE FROM THE COMMISSION. 119 

The General Assembly appropriated the sum of five thousand dollars 
($5,000) for wrecking the Iowa Building and complying with the rules of 
the exposition in regard to removing building and other material. The 
cost of doing this was as follows: 

Expenses of members of Board of Control and state archi- 
tect $ 126.10 

For wages, teams, tools, packing material and other ex- 
penses in packing furniture and other material, 
wrecking the Iowa Building, loading cars and remov- 
ing waste material '. . 3,077.50 

Freight charges and cost of unloading 1,311.98 

Total $4,515.58 

The site of the building was restored and left in a condition entirely 
satisfactory to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company, as shown by 
the certificate of the secretary of the director of works. 
Respectfully submitted, 
BOARD OF CONTROL OF STATE INSTITUTIONS, 

By G. S. Robinson, Chairman. 



Des Moines, September 23, 1905. 
F. R. Conaway, Secretary Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission, Des 

Moines, Iowa. 

Dear Sir — Our final report, now completed, shows that the proceeds of 
sales of all property amounted to $309.36. Tlie estimated value of the 
property saved and not sold, exclusive of maps, charts and cabinets 
sent to Des Moines, is $10,957.21; the cost of maps, charts and cabinets 
shipped to Des Moines was $1,988.75, making a total gross salvage of $13,- 
255.32. The cost of preserving and distributing the property, removing 
rubbish and restoring the site of the Iowa Building, less $11.56 refunded, 
was $4,522.50, making a net saving of $8,732.82. 
Very truly yours, 

BOARD OF CONTROL OF STATE INSTITUTIONS, 

By G. S. Robinson, Chairman. 



DESTRUCTION AND SALVAGE. 

(From the Des Moines Daily Capital, March 30, 1905.) 
The State Board of Control received notice this morning from the Lou- 
isiana Purchase Exposition that every bit of material used in the construc- 
tion of the Iowa Building had been removed and that the grounds had 
been restored to the same condition in which they were before the big ex- 
position. All that remains to be done is to sow grass seed where stood the 
handsome Iowa Building, but this the Iowa Commission has been relieved 
from doing, owing to the season. Even the cement walks had to be re- 
moved and the cellar refilled before the grounds were accepted as re- 
stored. 

In all, the Board of Control has secured eighteen cars of material from 
the oemolition of the Iowa Building, which was presented to the Board by 
the State Commission. Even the nails were saved in tearing down the 
structure, and over a dozen kegs of nails alone were shipped to Knoxville, 
where most of the material is to be used in the construction of the state 
hospital for inebriates. 

There were four carloads of furniture and fixtures saved from the ex- 
position building, which were distributed among the state institutions un- 
der the Board of Control. Twenty-two potted palms were also brought 



120 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



from the building and divided among the institutions at Davenport, Fort 
Madison, Mount Pleasant, Clarinda and Glenwood. A car of building ma- 
terial was sent to each of the following institutions: Davenport, Indepen- 
dence, Eldora, Mitchellville, and Glenwood, to be used in the new build- 
ings being erected there. 

In all it is figured that the Board of Control secured close to 140,000 
feet of lumber from the Iowa Building. The bulk of this will be used at 
Knoxville this summer. In planning the administration building there the 
Board arranged to used the windows, doors and interior finishings of the 
exposition building, and on one contract alone a reduction of $2,000 was 
secured for the use of this old material. 

The tearing down of the Iowa Building began December 1, -and has oc- 
cupied four months. During that time not an accident has occurred de- 
terial to be handled. Iowa is one of the first, if not the first state, to com- 
plete the removal of its state building from the exposition grounds. It is 
also said that this state has secured more salvage from its building than 
any other represented in St. Louis. 




IQWA 



PEDIMENT IOWA BUILDING SHOWING STATE SEAL. 



DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 



121 



Department of Education 




To Hon. William Larrabee, President Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
Commission of Iowa. 

Dear Sir — The undersigned having been assigned by the Commission 
to organize the Iowa educational exhibit, to be made at the Louisiana 

Purchase Exposition, called a 
meeting at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, on 
February 21, 1903, of the members 
of the committee appointed by the 
State Teachers' Association to as- 
sist in this work, and also invited 
representatives of the State Uni- 
versity, the Iowa College of Agri- 
culture and Mechanic Arts, and 
the State Normal School to be 
present. These institutions weie 
represented respectively at the 
meeting by Prof. Thos. H. Mac- 
bride, of the University; Prof. E. 
W, Stanton, acting president of 
the State College, and Prof. J. B. 
Knoepfler, of the State Normal 
School. The committee of the State 
Teachers' Association was repre- 
sented by Prof. Maurice Ricker, of Burlington; Prof. J. J. McConnell, of 
Cedar Rapids, and Prof. S. H. Sheakley, of Des Moines. Dr. Henry Sabin, of 
Des Moines, Iowa's veteran and famous educator, and Hon. R. C. Barrett, 
then Superintendent of Public Instruction, and Secretary Conaway, were 
also present by invitation of the Commissioner. At this meeting general 
plans for making the exhibit, and an estimate of its cost, were thoroughly 
discussed, and many valuable suggestions were made by these men of 
experience in the educational affairs of Iowa, which were of great benefit 
to the Commissioner in selecting a superintendent and in preparing for 
the exhibit. It was the unanimous opinion of those present, expressed 
to the Commissioner privately, that Mr. P. J. Sessions, then secretary of 
the Commercial Club of Cedar Rapids, and formerly superintendent of the 
Waterloo schools, and for many years one of the best known and most 
progressive of Iowa educators, should be appointed superintendent of the 
Iowa Department of Education at the exposition. Shortly thereafter, Mr. 
Sessions was appointed and entered upon his work with great zeal, and, 
by well-directed effort, brought together and organized the exhibit, the 
details and results of which are set forth in the accompanying report of 
the superintendent. In June, 1904, Mr. Sessions was appointed by the 
Board of Control as superintendent of the Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home, 



COMR. JAMES H. TREWIN, Cedar Rapids. 



\\\ 











/ m^m 




DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 123 

at Davenport, and his son, Mr. C. M. Sessions, who had taken an active 
part in preparing the exhibit, and who was then in charge of it, was, 
without solicitation from anybody, appointed superintendent in place of 
his father. To Mr. F. J. Sessions is due the credit of cellecting and or- 
ganizing Iowa's splendid educational exhibit at the fair, and to Mr. C. M. 
Sessions is due the credit of rendering valuable asistance to his father 
and of caring for the exhibit during the fair. The excellence of their 
work is shown by a gold medal awarded to Mr. F. J. Sessions and a silver 
medal to Mr. C. M. Sessions. 

In this connection the Commissioner desires to express his apprecia- 
tion of the high order of organizing" ability shown by these gentlemen, 
whose work was thoroughly and well done without the slightest friction. 

The Commissioner also desires to make grateful acknowledgement to 
Dr. Henry Sabin, who manifested deep interest in the exhibit, and whose 
wise counsel was often sought. The Commissioner is also greatly indebt- 
ed to Prof. Thos. H. Macbride, Prof. J. B. Knoepfler, Prof. J. J. McCon- 
nell, Hon. R. C. Barrett, and to many superintendents and teachers for 
their active assistance and valuable suggestions. The hearty co-operation 
of the other members of the Commission and of the secretary made the 
work a pleasure. 

Submitted herewith is the report of the superintendent, and also a 
<ietailed statement of the expenditures of this department, which were 
kept well within the appropriation. 

Respectfully submitted, 

JAMES H. TREWIN, 
Commissioner in Charge Iowa Educational Exhibit, Louisiana Purchase 

Exposition. 



JAMES HENRY TREWIN. 

James Henry Trewin, Cedar Rapids, lawyer, was born November 29, 
1858, at Bloomingdale, Illinois. He started to make his own way when a 
lad of 12 years by working as a farmhand at $10 per month. In 1872 he 
came to Chickasaw County, where he worked on a farm, attended school 
and prepared himself to teach. Attended Bradford Academy at Bradford, 
Cedar Valley Seminary at Osage, and Lenox College at Hopkinton. Was 
principal of the Farley schools for several years. In 1881 he commenced 
the study of law in the office of Robinson & Powers, at Dubuque, and was 
admitted to practice the following year, locating at Earlville, Delaware 
County. In 1889 he moved to Lansing, Allamakee County, where he prac- 
ticed law until 1902, when he moved to Cedar Rapids, where he now re- 
sides. Senator Trewin served Earlville as its mayor and Lansing as its 
city attorney. In 1893 he was elected to the House of the Twenty-fifth 
General Assembly from Allamakee County. Two years later he was chos- 
en to the Senate from, the Fayette-Allamakee district, and re-elected four 
years later, serving till January 1, 1904. He has been called the "father 
of the Code," as he introduced and secured the passage of the bill for its 
revision and was chosen chairman of the joint legislative committee to 
superintend the annotation and publication of the Code of Iowa and the 
subsequent supplement. He was chairman of the committee which re- 
vised the school laws and was an active member of the Ways and Means 
Committee, having the revision of the revenue laws, and of the Code Re- 
vision Committee, to which all laws were referred before being acted up- 
on in the revision. He was influential in securing the adoption of many 



124 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



reform measures. In 1904, Senator Trewin was elected Republican pres- 
idential elector-at-large, receiving the largest majority ever given a can- 
didate for office in Iowa. He was married at Earlville, April 14, 1883, to 
Miss Mattie E. Rector. They have one son, Harold .Rector Trewin. Sen- 
ator Trewin has been Commissioner in charge of educational exhibits and 
has also served as a member of the executive committee of the Iowa Com- 
mission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 



Report of the Superintendent 

To Hon. James H. Trewin, Commissioner in Charge of Educational Ex- 
hibits. 

Dear Sir — The Iowa Commission placed the general supervision of the 
Iowa educational exhibit for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in your 
charge, and F. J. Sessions, of Cedar Rapids, was appointed as working 
superintendent. He served until the 15th of June, 1904, when the immedi- 
ate supervision of the exhibit was committed to the undersigned, who sub- 
mits the following report: 

The work of preparing for the exposi- 
tion was commenced in April, 1903, when 
a circular notifying all school people of the 
intention of the Commission to make an ed- 
ucational exhibit for Iowa schools was is- 
sued. Later, other circulars were issued, 
describing the character of the work de- 
sired and giving explicit directions for pre- 
paring the same. These circulars were sent 
to all teachers, to all secretaries of publio 
school boards and to all heads of private 
and state schools; in fact, to every person 
in charge of any educational interest of the 
state. The responses from the public 
schools were very generous, and when thc^ 
work was assembled at Des Moines for the 
preliminary exhibit in December, 1903, it 
was found that Iowa teachers were interest- 
ed greatly and that they were making careful preparation in all depart- 
ments from the kindergarten to the high school. 

The preliminary exhibit was for the benefit of the State Teachers' As- 
sociation and the further purpose of culling out the undesirable material. 
The work was displayed at the Irving School building in West Des Moines 
and nearly the entire building was used. The installation was of the very 
simplest, being a wall and table arrangement. This display intensified 
interest on the part of the teachers, and upon urgent request the time for 
receiving exhibits was extended to February 15, 1904. 

All meritorious work displayed at Des Moines was shipped to Cedar 
Rapids, and other exhibits collected and the final preparations for the ex- 
position were made. A large amount of the work had to be mounted and 




F. J. SESSIONS, Davenport. 
Supt. Educational Exhibit. 




DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 125 

re-arranged. The manuscript work was inspected, labeled and sent to the 
bindery, and every detail looking towards a complete and successful ex- 
hibit received careful attention. 

The complete exhibit was shipped to 
St. Louis on the 9th of April, 1904, and on 
the 18th of the same month the work of in- 
stallation commenced. This work was com- 
pleted in all particulars on the 30th of 
April, the opening day of the fair. In pass- 
ing, it is only fair to note that the Iowa ex- 
hibit was the only state educational exhibit 
to be installed completely the opening day 
of the exposition. It was also the first ex- 
hibit of any consequence to be packed and 
shipped from the building at the close of 
the fair. 

To Commissioner Trewin should be 
given the credit for suggesting the observ- 
ance of Louisiana Purchase Day among the 

C. M. SESSIONS, Davenport, _ v. ^ ^ 4. i^- 4.- tt -n /-i 

;; ^^ . , ^. , .r. Iowa schools. At his suggestion, Hon. R. C. 

Supt. Educational Jb.xhibit. °° 

Barrett, then Superintendent of Public In- 
struction, prepared a Flag Day Exercise for Iowa schools, and December 
18, 1903, was appointed as Louisiana Purchase Flag Day. A thirty-page 
booklet, consisting of appropriate songs, exercises and historical facts, 
was issued and distributed to all the schools as a basis for the proper ob- 
servance of this day. The idea was so successfully carried out that it at- 
tracted the attention of the exposition officials. President Francis recog- 
nized the matter by writing an official letter to the Commission, the text 
of which is as follows: 

"Office of the President, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 

"St. Louis, December 19, 1903. 
"Dear Sir — President Francis desires me to acknowledge receipt of 
your telegram of December 18th and to express his appreciation for what 
the Iowa Commission has done in the celebration of the centennial of the 
transfer of sovereignty. It is a matter for regret on our part that it did 
not occur to us in time to suggest similar celebration in the schools of all 
of the Louisiana Purchase states. Iowa has certainly 'shown' us. 
"Very truly yours, 

"WALTER B. STEVENS, Secretary. 
"Mr. F. R. Conaway, Secretary, Des Moines, Iowa." 

The Iowa booth was one of the most prominently located in the Pal- 
ace of Education, being at the converging point of two main aisles. The 
architecture of the booth was Grecian classic, finished in white and gold. 
The result was simple and effective. The floor space amounted to about 
1,200 square feet and the wall space about 1,900 square feet. 

The method of displaying the school work was similar in a great mea- 
sure to the plan used in most other booths of the Educational Building. 
The small and miscellaneous pieces of handwork in raffia, sewing, wood, 
paper and metal were displaj^ed in fifty units of sectional book cases and 
twenty show cases. The larger pieces of manual work were mounted on 



DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 127 

display boards prepared by the exhibiting schools. The drawing and flat 
work of all kinds was displayed in 750 swinging frames, each of which 
carried two cards 22x28 inches. 

Photographs, relief maps and all other pieces of work not heretofore 
mentioned were displayed on the wall space. To get an idea of what 
the Iowa schools exhibited at St. Louis, note the following figures: 

Number of bound volumes, manuscript, 2,000; number of cards 22x28, 
displaying drawing and other flat work, 1,575; number of pieces of hand- 
work, raffiia, weaving, etc., 1,200; number of framed photographs, 35; dis- 
play boards containing miscellaneous exhibits, 7; display boards contain- 
ing manual training work in wood and iron, 14; number of pieces from 
the Gumming School of Art, 18; samples of writing by the Palmer method, 
8,000. 

Iowa ranked seventh in the total amount of work displayed by any 
one state. The states of New York, Pennsylvania, Missouri, California, 
Illinois and Massachusetts had larger displays. Iowa had displays from 
sixty-four cities and towns, six colleges and higher institutions of learn- 
ing, the rural schools of seventeen counties, and five miscellaneous exhib- 
its, which will be mentioned in detail later. The following list of towns 
and educational institutions made display of work: 

Afton, Avoca, Anamosa, Ackley, Ames, Burlington, Brighton, Capital 
Park (D. M.), Creston, Center Point, Centerville, Council Bluffs, Carroll, 
Cedar Falls, Cedar Rapids, Davenport, Des Moines (West), Des Moines 
(North), Des Moines (East), Dubuque, Diagonal, Decorah, Fairfield, Fay- 
ette, Grinnell, Grand Junction, Greenfield, Harlan, Hampton, Hawarden, 
Iowa City, Iowa Falls, Laurens, Le Claire, Le Mars, Mason City, Marion, 
Missouri Valley, Marshalltown, Maquoketa, Mt. Pleasant, Neola, New Lou- 
don, Oak Park (D. M.), Oskaloosa, Ottumwa, Osage, Pulaski, Pocahontas, 
Russell, Spencer, Shelby, Stanton, Tama, Tipton, Vinton, Waterloo (East), 
Webster City, Walker, Winterset, West Chester, Waverly, Walnut, Well- 
man. 

Rural schools of the following counties : Clayton, Floyd, Henry, Ham- 
ilton, Iowa, Linn, Lucas, Mitchell, O'Brien, Pocahontas, Polk, Page, Shelby, 
Union, Van Buren, Wayne, Washington. 

University and College Exhibits. — Iowa State University, Iowa State 
Normal School, Iowa College (Grinnell), Cornell College, Coe College, 
Highland Park College. 

Miscellaneous Exhibits. — A. N. Palmer, Cedar Rapids Iowa, penman- 
ship; Goodyear-Marshall Publishing Co., Cedar Rapids, text-books; Iowa 
Federation of Woman's Clubs; Iowa Library Commission; Gumming 
School of Art, Des Moines. 

Many times the question has been asked, "How did the work in the 
Iowa exhibit compare with the other state educational exhibits at St. 
Louis?" In the manuscript work comparison of the different states was 
very easy, because there was uniformity in the topics treated. Practically 
every state used the vertical system of writing, and the penmanship was 
of easy comparison. The thought displayed, neatness shown and the pen- 
manship exhibited by the Iowa schools were equal to those of any other 
state and superior to a great many. In basketry and weaving the Iowa 



128 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

exhibit ranked second only to one state represented in the exposition — 
Minnesota. In sewing by city schools, Iowa was far behind many of the 
states, while in rural school sewing, Iowa ranked very high. In manual 
training, along the line of wood work, the Iowa exhibit showed great con- 
sistency in the fundamental teachings and was considered one of the lead- 
ing states along this line by all competent judges. Several states showed 
more advancement in higher finished products than any displayed in the 
Iowa exhibit. In drawing, including water color, ink and crayon, the Iowa 
exhibit was given especially high rank. Iowa had only one exhibit of ap- 
plied design work, but this was considered second to none in the building. 

Of interest to the Commission might be a few figures as to the com- 
parative cost of the Iowa exhibit with that of other states. These figures 
are not ofl&cial, but were gleaned from conversation with superintendents 
and others in charge of exposition booths at St. Louis: New York, $35,- 
000; Missouri, $50,000; Massachusetts, $20,000; Pennsylvania, $10,000, 
Kansas, $10,000; Minnesota, $10,000; Iowa, $7,499.91.* 

In the matter of awards received from the International Jury, Iowa 
was fairly treated. The jury laid great stress, not only on the merits of 
the work shown, but also upon its completeness in all lines, such as man- 
ual training, basketry, drawing and written work. They required work to 
be done in all these lines and in all grades which should take up these 
different lines of work. A system of schools was not considered seriously 
for an award unless the work showed completeness in all these particu- 
lars, though an occasional award was granted for exceptional high grade 
of work, which stood unrelated to anything else. 

One of the best exhibits in the Iowa section was incomplete in writ- 
ten work from the high school, and there is no doubt that the jury per- 
mitted this fact to weigh against this particular school in making its 
award. The jury which visited the Iowa section was divided into four 
groups — Group 1, Primary and Elementary Education; Group 2, Second- 
ary Education; Group 3, College, University and Higher Education; Group 
8, Miscellaneous. 



AWARDS. 

The awards to Iowa were as follows: 

Group 1. — Elementary Education. — Grand Prize. — Iowa Commission, 
collective educational exhibit of the elementary schools of Iowa. 

Gold Medal. — Council Bluffs Board of Education, elementary schools; 
Davenport Board of Education, elementary schools; Dubuque Board of Ed- 
ucation, elementary schools; Marshalltown Board of Education, element- 
ary schools and manual training; West Des Moines Board of Education, 
kindergarten and manual training. 

Bronze Medal. — Polk County, public schools. 

Group 2. — Gold Medal. — Boards of Education of Dubuque, Burlington 
and East Des Moines, collective exhibit of secondary schools; State Nor- 
mal School, Cedar Falls, Iowa. 

Silver Medal. — Board of Education of Davenport, Marshalltown and 
West Des Moines, collective exhibit of secondary schools. 



*This is $500.09 less than the amount apportioned for this department. 



DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 129 

Group 3. — Gold Medal. — Iowa State College. 

Silver Medal. — Iowa College, Grinnell, general f^xhibit illustrating 
courses of instruction and methods and results of college work; Iowa Li- 
brary Commission, Des Moines, statistics, publications and traveling li- 
brary; State University of Iowa, exhibit illustrating facilities and courses 
of instruction; Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, 
Ames, general exhibit illustrating courses of instruction, facilities and 
work of students. 

Bronze Medal. — State of Iowa, statistical charts on higher education; 
Cornell College, Mt. Vernon, general exhibit illustrating courses of in- 
struction and methods and results of college work. 

Group 5. — Bronze Medal. — Dairy Bacteriology Department, Iowa State 
College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Ames, "starters." 

Group 6. — Grand Prize. — Brown's Business Colleges of Illinois and 
Iowa. 

Group 8. — Gold Medal. — F. J. Sessions, collaborator. 

Silver Medal. — C. M. Sessions, statistical charts. • 

Bronze Medal. — Goodyear-Marshall Publishing Co., Cedar Rapids, 
commercial school publications; Western Penman Publishing Co., Cedar 
Rapids, "The Western Penman;" State Federation of Women's Clubs, 
Marshalltown. 

Group 139. — Grand Prize. — Iowa Children's Home Society, Des Moines. 

As can be readily seen it was the larger schools that received the 
awards, but it can be truthfully said that the smaller schools failed to se- 
cure individual awards not because of the inferiority of the work, but be- 
cause of incompleteness in some branches ; however, each of these schools 
is entitled to a share in the grand prize awarded to the Commission, be- 
cause each school helped to make up the sum total upon which the grand 
prize was awarded. 

A number of states received more awards than Iowa; the chief reason 
being that work was shown in more groups, such as schools for the 
deaf, for the blind, industrial schools and private institutions. Iowa had 
no exhibits from this class of schools, because of lack of funds for this 
purpose. 

A series of charts giving school statistics and other information was 
a prominent exhibit in the Iowa booth. There were twenty-two of these, 
measuring five feet in length by three feet in width, and they touched on 
every educational factor and power in the state. Six of them were de- 
voted to state organizations, such as the Y. M. C. A., the Iowa Federation 
of Women's Clubs, Iowa publications, and the public and traveling libra- 
ries. The remaining sixteen w^ere given to school statistics of all kinds. 
Figures and interesting information with regard to the school system, 
school expenditures, attendance, school funds, organizations, institutes, 
teachers' associations, teachers' institutes, and the growth of Iowa high 
schools were set forth. One of the most interesting of these charts was 
the one showing the per cent of illiteracy in the states of the Union. The 
figures were taken from the United States census report of 1900, showing 
the per cent of people ten years and over in all states who were unable 
to read and write. At the top of the list stands one of the southern states, 



130 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

which has a great black population. In that state nearly 38 per cent of 
the inhabitants are unable to write and read. Coming up through the 
southern states to the middle western states, it is found that Nebraska 
shows the least per cent of illiterates, 2.2, while Iowa shows but 2.3 per 
cent. This chart was very favorably mentioned in the World's Fair 
edition of "World's Work," issued in August. These charts have been 
placed in the Iowa Historical and Memorial Building at Des Moines. 

The Iowa Library Commission had a small but interesting exhibit. It 
consisted of a sample of the free traveling libraries, a series of half-tone 
cuts of the free libraries in the state, statistics of the work of the Library 
Commission, and two great maps, one showing the location of the free 
libraries and the other the centers for traveling libraries. These charts 
also gave interesting statistics relating to the number of volumes circu- 
lated, the support fund and various other facts. 

Prof. C. A. Cumming, of the Des Moines School of Art, made a very 
fine exhibit of pictures in still life. This work was done in crayon by 
members of his classes. 

The exhibit of the Federation of Women's Clubs was an interesting 
showing in miniature of reproductions of the different works of art, which 
the clubs have been instrumental in putting into the different schools of 
the state. In this exhibit were also found pictures of the different club 
rooms, and also a chart giving general statistics concerning the different 
organizations and the work being accomplished throughout the state. This 
exhibit was worthy of an award, but seemed to have had no classificatioi? 

One of the features of the Iowa exhibit was the work installed by Mr. 
A. N. Palmer, of Cedar Rapids, founder of the Palmer method of business 
writing. The material displayed was from all over the United States and 
Canada, and was the leading exhibit of school and business writing dis- 
played at the exposition. This exhibit attracted great attention and kept 
Mr, Palmer's special representative busy explaining his method of writ- 
ing. There is no question but that Mr. Palmer was entitled to a grand 
prize, and that he would have received one but for the fact that his work 
was so unique that the jury could get no line for comparison. 

At the Iowa State Building there was installed a case of handiwork 
from the Iowa Institution for the Feeble-Minded, located at Glenwood. 
Had this case of work been installed in the Iowa booth in place of in the 
Iowa Building, it would have received an award at the hands of the jury, 
undoubtedly, as it was very high-class work, but it could receive no men- 
tion because it was not installed in the Palace of Education. 

In concluding, permit me to thank the Commission for its courtesy 
and assistance and to attest my especial appreciation of the active sup 
port and wise counsel of Hon. James H. Trewin, Commissioner in charge. 
Respectfully submitted, 

CHARLES MERRITT SESSIONS, Superintendent. 



Iowa State College 

The Iowa State College of Agriculture at Ames took as prominent a 
position at the exposition as any educational institution in the country. 



DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 



131 




PROF. C. F. CURTISS, 
Iowa. State College, Ames. 



Its work appeared in a number 
of exhibits, and, in the line of exper- 
iments, practically led. 

A list of those connected offi- 
cially with the fair in this work will 
be found elsewhere in this report. 

The Animal Husbandry Depart- 
ment exhibited some cattle, repre- 
senting the Blue Gray cross breed- 
ing work which has been carried on 
at the experiment station at Ames 
for several years through the co-op- 
eration and assistance of the Union 
Stock Yards and Transit Company 
of Chicago. These Blue Grays this 
year won first prize on foot and first 
prize on the block at the Interna- 
tional Live Stock Exposition, and 
sold at the extreme top quotation in 
carload lots In the open market. The 



college was not allowed to compete for prizes at St. Louis. 

In the live stock line the college was presented with a fine imported 
Belgian mare from the Belgian exhibit at St. Louis; also the Belgian gov- 
ernment exhibit of poultry, which will be used as a nucleus of a poultry 
department at Ames. 

In the dairy cow test, the .Jersey herd was fed by Mr. Van Pelt, a Des 
Moines boy, who is a graduate of the Iowa State College. In a recent let- 
ter, commenting on Mr. Van Pelt's work, Hon. J. J. Richardson, of Daven- 
port, made the following statement: "Van Pelt's letters in the 'Jersey 
Bulletin' are creditable to us all; creditable to Ames. It was Professor 
Curtiss' recommendation that secured him the position at St. Louis." 



EXPERIMENTS 

Professor C. P. Curtiss, dean of the Ag- 
ricultural Experiment Station at Ames, on 
the committee selected by the government 
to provide an exhibit and conduct experi- 
ments for the American agricultural col- 
leges, took an active part in this work and 
was ably assisted by Professor P. G. Hol- 
den. The work representing the agricul- 
tural college classroom and practice exer- 
cises and the experimental methods used in 
plant and animal breeding, was set forth 
during two sessions of two weeks each be- 
tween the dates September 12th and 24t.h 
and October 3d and 15th. The plan fol- 
lowed was to have twenty-five students 
from five different agricultural colleges 




PROF. p. G. HOLDEN, 

Iowa State Colleg-e, Ames. 



132 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

present, to act as a class for the instructors to use in demonstrating their 
methods of teaching live stock judging, dressing and curing meats, judg- 
ing grains, making gluten, sponge and baking trials twith flour, and in 
grinding and milling wheat. 

Tardiness on the part of the exposition management in completing 
the building used for the work greatly interfered with the progress of the 
exercises during the first session. A refrigerator room was provided and 
demonstrations were made in judging all of the market classes of live 
stock for the block. Students were given demonstrations in slaughtering, 
cutting and curing meats under the inspection of interested World's Fair 
visitors. Exercises in judging corn and small grain, and in placing rings 
of all the market and breeding classes of cattle, sheep and swine consti- 
tuted the programs rendered from day to day. Evening sessions as well 
as forenoon and afternoon exercises were held daily. Moving pictures 
representing the active work of students in judging live stock, studying 
farm mechanics, judging corn, carrying out agricultural engineering class 
. exercises, and the work of plant and animal breeding constituted a por- 
tion of the evening programs. Addresses upon various phases of plant 
and animal breeding and the methods of instruction followed in kindred 
subjects filled the remaining available time during the four weeks that 
the exercises were carried on. 

The attendance ranged from fifty to one thousand people at a session, 
varying with the attendance at the fair as well as with the condition of 
the weather. The men who were in attendance at the live stock show as 
exhibitors, jurors, and in other capacities, were deeply interested in the 
program and followed the detail of it closely. 

An arena 40x70 feet was arranged in elliptical form in Live Stock 
Congress Hall, and was surrounded by terraced seats sufficient to accom- 
modate 1,100 people. One-half of this pavilion was set apart for demon- 
strations in plant breeding work. Matured plants of oats, wheat, barley, 
spelt, millet, flax, and young plants of corn were set in natural form with 
interspaces about two-thirds as great as they usually occupy in plant nur- 
series. They were shown in all stages, some with clipped borders, others 
partially culled out in selecting the better plants, and others with the final 
or choice seeding plants alone remaining. In other plots the plants were 
harvested and placed in their receptacles. Specimen record books were 
on exhibition and the forms of plant pedigrees which are kept were dis- 
played to the public. All forms of plant records and labels used in experi- 
mental work were in their natural position so that visitors were able to 
see an entire system which has been found practicable by investigators. 
Ripe bundles of grain were exhibited as they are placed in the field at 
harvest time, and a threshing machine for plant breeding work was also 
on exhibition. A nursery fanning mill, an electric bake oven, and a small 
patent roller test mill were all exhibited in active operation. Nitrogen and 
fat extractors used in corn breeding work were features of the display. 
The plant breeding exhibit proved very suitable for exposition work. In 
that display a crowd was able to obtain a good general idea of the work 
in a few minutes, and those who chose to spend a longer time were not 
discommoded by the ones who made a less complete study of the exhibit. 



DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. l.U 

The stock judging exercises by students and the demonstration of 
methods used in stock judging instruction by teachers attracted favorable 
attention and large crowds, while the small grain and corn judging work 
was well received. 

The slaughtering and cooking trials proved especially attractive to 
the stock breeders and exhibitors present, who followed the trials closely 
and took a deep interest in them. Many of the exhibitors maintained that 
the experiment stations are the only interested parties who can success- 
fully carry out slaughtering trials with live stock, as exhibitors do not like 
to furnish animals which have ranked well on foot and have them fall 
behind when the crucial test of slaughtering is resorted to. 

Sixty-two students from eleven institutions constituted the classes 
during the two sessions. A number of the colleges invited to supply mem- 
bers of the class were unable to do so on account of the intervening dis- 
tance and consequent expense which traveling to St. Louis would entail. 

Five herdsmen from four experiment stations accompanied the live 
stock supplied their institutions and apparently made excellent use of the 
opportunity afforded for gathering information. Tv/elve assistants frojn 
four colleges took the part of student assistants in putting the exhibit in 
place and in carrying out the detail work of making the demonstrations. 



SOILS. 



The Department of Soils of the Ames College showed the following 
apparatus: A centrifuge and attached motor with fixtures, granite pans, 
aluminum dishes, a thermometer for drying oven, apparatus for wet com- 
bustion work, microscope with lenses, eye-piece micrometer, stage microm- 
eter, large glass beakers, centrifuge bottles, shaker bottles, porcelain 
evaporating dishes, drying plate, oven with corks and stand, water bath 
with stand and gas fixtures, set of sieves with bolting cloth for sifting 
sand. 

Photographs were furnished by the Farm Mechanics Department to 
the St. Louis exhibit showing: Students at work in farm mechanics lab- 
oratory, traction ditcher, tile samples, blacksmith shop, students in car- 
pentering shop, machine room, carpentry room, students laying tile, stu- 
dents testing draft of wagons. 



HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY. 

During the summer of 1904, this department sent a number of small 
shipments of fruit of the newer varieties of apples and plums, and was 
awarded a silver medal by the Jury of Awards for the same. 

For the educational exhibit of agricultural colleges and experiment 
stations, the horticultural department prepared an exhibit designed to il- 
lustrate the progress that has been made in the combatting of fungus dis- 
eases and insect pests of the garden and orchard. This exhibit comprised 
a complete set of the different types of spray nozzles, models of spray 
pumps, the various kinds of motive power used in spray work, etc. 



134 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

SECURED FOR THE MUSEUM. 

At the close of the exposition, the department received a considerable 
quantity of material from home and foreign exhibits, principally along 
forestry lines. The following summary will show the nature and amount 
of museum material received from each country: 

From Argentine Republic. — Forty-three specimens of native woods, 
which are numbered, giving common and scientific name. These speci- 
mens are all of large size, many of them being sections of trees with the 
upper surface polished to show the grain of the wood. This collection 
also includes bamboo poles, telegraph poles, paving blocks, two cases of 
quinine bark, and a number of large framed pictures of Argentine forest 
scenes. 

From Japan. — Prom this exhibit we received a collection of eight of 
the most important spruce timbers native to that country and a case of 
vegetable sponges. 

From Ceylon. — Four specimens of native pines. 

From Nicaragua. — The main portion of the forestry exhibit in the 
Nicaragua pavilion was given to the college. This collection comprizes 
some three hundred and two specimens of Nicaraguan woods, most of them 
being small specimens about one foot in height. This exhibit also com- 
prizes a number of samples of fruits or seeds, such as the cocoa bean, 
crude coffee, etc. 

From Oregon. — Twenty-three specimens of native woods of the state 
and also a collection of pine cones of the western species. 

From Kentucky. — Thirty-eight specimens of native Kentucky timbers, 
most of them being in the shape of boards which are highly polished on 
one side. 

Practically all of these specimens are named and labeled, and are of 
such a character as to be of permanent value as museum material for 
the department. 



GEOLOGY AND MINING. 
The Department of Mining Engineering fell heir to one-third of the 
exhibit of the American Clay Working Machinery Company; also secured 
promise of a representative collection of the raw materials and manufac- 
tured products of the United States Gypsum Company. 



The State University Museum 

The regents of the State University at Iowa City, at their September 
meeting, appointed Professor C. C. Nutting to go to St. Louis to secure 
what material he could for the university museum. At different times he 
was assisted by Dr. Bryden and Dr. Patterson, the former being interested 
specially in material in the way of minerals and geological specimens and 
the latter representing the commercial museum. 

Up to the present time something over forty boxes and barrels have 
arrived at Iowa City as a result of the work of this committee and the 



DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 135 

generosity of exhibitors at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. The fol- 
lowing will indicate the source and nature of these donations: 

The United States Bureau of Fish and Fisheries donated over 500 
specimens of American and Hawaiian fish, a large series of live turtles 
and a number of specimens illustrating the embryology and development 
of the salmon. 

The Ceylon Commission contributed a large series of mounted birds, 
a collection of fruit models, complete series of native oils, grains, cinna- 
mon, teas, coffees, cocoanuts, copera, fibers and plumbago. 

The New South Wales Commission donated their whole collection of 
fine wood samples and drains. The former received a gold medal. 

The Egyptian Commission gave a complete series in original exhibi- 
tion jars, of grains, nuts, cotton, sugar, salt, and a series of large photo- 
graphs. 

A series of medicinal plants, drains and other products was secured 
from the Soudan. 

The Poito Rican Commission gave samples of coffees and other prod- 
ucts. 

The East India Commission donated their superb series of teas, cof- 
fees and cardamon in the original exhibition boxes, with glass fronts. 

The state of Washington gave a collection of fish, including a fine 
specimen of adult salmon. 

The amount thus far received is but a small part of the entire dona- 
tions that have been promised. The material from the Honduras Com- 
mission is reported packed and ready for shipment, and includes among 
other things their very complete exhibit of drug plants. The Argentine 
Republic has given notice that they have ready for shipment a collection 
of woods and other vegetable products. Nicaragua has promised a collec- 
tion of woods, minerals, fruits, fibers and grains. 

By far the most important collections of all are promised from the 
Philippine Commission, which has already boxed for shipment an educa- 
tional exhibit of great value, and has set aside extensive collections in the 
way of marine animals of various kinds, models of fishing boats, fish traps, 
fishing implements, houses, sugar mill, rice mill, medicinal plants, woods, 
fibers, etc. 

A quantity of material was donated by the American Clay Working 
Machinery Company in the way of manufactured products turned out by 
their machines. 

A number of smaller donations were made by private exhibitors, and 
many promises from manufacturers and commercial organizations indicat- 
ing an intention to contribute specimens of their products. 



HISTORICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGY. 



13"; 



Historical and Anthropology 



An exhibit in the anthropology department was early decided on by 
the Iowa Commission. 

A former Iowa citizen, Dr. WJ McGee, who had made a special study 
of the Louisiana Purchase Territory from an historical standpoint, because 
of this special fitness, had been chosen by the exposition as chief of the 
department at St. J^oiiis. 

Commissioner Thomas Updegraff was selected as chairman of a per- 
manent committee on such exhibits. 

To place a comprehensive shoMing of historical matters with only 
limited means for such purpose, was a task much more difficult than was 
supposed. Hon. Charles Aldrich, curator of the Historical Department of 
Iowa, and Professor Benjamin F. Shambaugh, of the State Univerity, were 
frequentlj^ called into conference. 

Finally it was decided that the best showing that could be made under 
the circumstances would be an exhibit from the Historical Department. 
To release this for exhibition purposes the Thirtieth General Assembly 
adopted concurrent resolution No. 9, which provided for the releasing, re- 
moval, installation and return of such part of the exhibit as should be se- 
lected. The exhibit was given a prominent place in one of the fireproof 
buildings at the exposition, and was admired because of the wide range 
it occupied in history, art and scientific research, and with it all an artistic 
arrangement suitable to the surroundings. 



Report of Commissioner Updegraff 




COMR. THOMAS UPDEGRAFF, 
McGregfor. 



To Hon. William Larrabee, President 
Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
Commission of Iowa. 

I herewith transmit the report of 
the department to which I was as- 
signed by the Commission. While 
originally it was intended to make 
an independent exhibit showing new- 
er material of early research in pic- 
tures, publications and specimens, it 
was found with the limited appropri- 
ation for such purposes, inexpedient. 

The consent of the General As- 
sembly having been secured, the suc- 
cess of the department was assured 
and the Commission relieved of the 
labor and responsibility of its instal- 
lation. In the hands of Curator Al- 
drich with power to install the bal- 
ance of the work was an easy mat- 



HISTORICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGY. 139 

ter, indeed. I desire to express my sincere thanks, and I know I am auth- 
orized to extend this from the Commission to the General Assembly for its 
generous response to our appeal, and to Governor Cummins and the Exec- 
utive Council for their hearty co-operation in the work; to Hon. Charles 
Aldrich, without whose aid an historical exhibit from Iowa would seem 
incomplete; to Professor Gumming for his labors in the installation and 
arrangement; to Prof. Benjamin F. Shambaugh for valuable assistance, 
and to Governor Larrabee for his untiring efforts to see that the exhibit 
was maintained without harm and in accordance with the resolution 
adopted by the General Assembly and instructions given by the Executive 
Council. 

Also attached herewith is a compilation of historical matter by the 
secretary of the Commission, the first compilation of the kind ever made. 
Respectfully submitted, 

THOMAS UPDEGRAFF, 
Commissioner in Charge of Anthropology Exhibits. 



THOMAS UPDEGRAFF. 

Commissioner Thomas Updegraff, McGregor, lawyer, was born April 3, 
1834, in Tioga County, Pa. His father was a merchant. Mr. Updegraff 
received an academic education; located in Clayton County, Iowa, in 1855; 
was appointed clerk of the district court of Clayton County in April, 1856, 
and elected clerk in August of the same year; re-elected in 1858; admitted 
to the bar in 18G0; located at McGregor; was member of House of Rep- 
resentatives of Iowa in 1878; served as chairman of the Judiciary Com- 
mittee; elected to Congress and served in the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, 
Fifty-third, Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses. Delegate to the Re- 
publican National Convention in 1888, and was a member of the notifica- 
tion committee. Has been a member of the Board of Education and City 
Solicitor of McGregor for many years. Mr. Updegraff was married in 
June, 1858, to Miss Laura A. Piatt, who died in January, 1865. He was 
again married in October, 1867, to Miss Florence E. H. Haight, who died 
in October, 1902. His family consists of two daughters, Misses Elizabeth 
and Rachel. Mr. Updegraff has been active in the work of the Iowa Com- 
mission as Commissioner in charge of exhibits in anthropology and his- 
tory. 



Report of Curator 



Des Moines, Iowa, January 20, 1905. 
To Hon. Thomas Updegraff, Commissioner in Charge of Anthropology Ex- 
hibits, McGregor, Iowa. 

Dear Sir — I have the pleasure of reporting to you that the exhibit sent 
from the Historical Department of Iowa consisted of the following sub- 
jects: 

Oil Portraits. 

Governors of Iowa Territory. — Robert Lucas, John Chambers, James 
Clark. 

Governors of the State of Iowa. — Ansel Briggs, Stephen Hempstead, 
James W. Grimes, Ralph P. Lowe, Samuel J. Kirkwood, William M. 
Stone, Samuel Merrill, Cyrus C. Carpenter, Francis M. Drake, as Briga- 
dier General. 

Other Portraits. — General G. M. Dodge, William B. Allison, James 
Harlan, Camuel F. Miller, Charles Aldrich. 



140 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 




CHARLES ALDRICH. 
Curator State Historical Department, 



Publications of the Historical De- 
partment of Iowa. 

Annals of Iowa, third series, five 
volumes, bound in three-quarter red 
levant, 1893-1903. 

Six Biennial Reports of the His- 
torical Department of Iowa, bound in 
one volume, 1893-1903. 

Iowa Territorial Laws, 1838-1839, 
1839-1840, two volumes, republished. 

Richman, Irving B.,"John Brown 
Among the Quakers, and Other 
Sketches." 

First Census of the Original 
Counties of Dubuque and Demoine, 
183G, two pamphlets. 

Shambaugh, Benj. P., "History 
of the Constitution of Iowa," 1902. 

Legislative Journals, extra ses- 
sion, now first published. 

Iowa Books and Manuscripts. 

Journal of the Convention for 
the Formation of a Constitution for 
the State of Iowa, 1844. 

Journal of the Convention for the Formation of a Constitution for the 
State of Iowa, 1846. 

Journal of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Iowa, 1857. 

Larrabee, Governor William, original manuscript, first inaugural ad- 
dress, 1886. 

Tuttle, General James M., correspondence during the Civil War. 

Letters of the Territorial Governors of Iowa, two volumes, the official 
copies. 

Street, General Joseph Montfort, illustrious friend of the Indians, cor- 
respondence, 1806-1834. 

Carpenter, Governor Cyrus C, address at the unveiling of the Spirit 
Lake tablet at Webster Cit3^ also sketch of Major William Williams, the 
original manuscripts. 

Clarke, William Penn, reporter of the Supreme Court of Iowa, corre- 
spondence, three volumes, 1846-1866. 

Miscellaneous Manuscripts. 

Crabbe, Reverend George, English poet, manuscript sermon. 

White, Reverend Gilbert, author of "The Natural History of Sel- 
bourne," manuscript sermon, 

Forman, Major Samuel S., original manuscript, "Narrative of a Jour- 
ney Down the Ohio and Mississippi in 1798-1790," by Lyman C. Draper, of 
Wisconsin. 

Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, original manuscript, "Two Bites at a Cherry." 

Audubon, John James, original manuscript, "Habits of the Wild Tur- 
key." 

Cleveland, Grover, original manuscript (seventeen pages), speech be- 
fore the New^ York Charities Aid Association, 1891. 

Fourteen Early Iowa Maps and Maps Including Iowa. 

Extrait d'un globe terrestre le Pere Le Grand de Dijon, 1720 (said to 
be earliest map including Iowa). 

Facsimile of autograph map of the Mississippi or Conception river, 
drawn by Father Marquette at the time of his voyage. 

Map of part of Wisconsin Territory, compiled from Tanner's Map, 1836. 



HISTORICAL AND ANTHROPOf.OGY 



141 



Map of Wisconsin Territory, published by Henry J. Abel, 1838. 

Sectional map of the Black Hawk Purchase, with a part of Illinois 
and Wisconsin, by L. Judson, 1838. 

Map of Iowa, published by J. H. Colton, 1839 (framed). 

Hydrographical basin of the upper Mississippi River, from surveys 
and information by J. N. Nicollet, 183G-1840, reduced and compiled in 1843. 

Galland's map of Iowa, compiled from the latest authorities by Dr. I. 
Galland, 1840. 

Map of the surveyed part of Wisconsin Territory, exhibiting the loca- 
tion of Iowa City, the seat of government, published by John Plumbe. 

Map of the western part of the United States, shows Fort Des Moines, 
in Iowa. 

New map of Iowa, accompanied with notes by W. Barrows, Cincinnati, 
1845. 

Map of Iowa, by L. Matzinger, 1850 (framed). 

Geological map of Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, by David Dale 
Owen, 1851. 

Plan of Fort Des Moines and its environs, Polk County, Iowa, 1854. 

An Iowa Stone Axe. 

This axe was found near Columbus Junction, Louisa Countj^ Iowa. Its 
weight is thirtj'-one and three-fourths pounds. 

Summary of Materials. 

Seventeen oil portraits, seventeen boxes; thirty -one books and bound 
manuscripts, one box; fourteen maps, two boxes; one stone axe, one box. 



I have been notified by President David 
R. Francis, of the St. Louis Exposition, that 
the state of Iowa was awarded for the above 
exhibit the grand prize and a diploma; Mr. 
Charles Aldrich, curator and founder of the 
Historical Department, was awarded a gold 
medal and diploma; Professor Charles A. 
Cumming, who painted several of the por- 
traits and who went to St. Louis and at- 
tended to their proper display in the Anthro- 
pological Building, was awarded a silver 
medal and diploma, and the department was 
also awarded a bronze medal and diploma 
for the great stone axe. I am happy to state 
that these articles were transmitted to St. 
Louis and returned to this department with- 
out any damage whatever. They were re- 
ceived in as good order as when they left 
our rooms. 
I wish to tender the sincere thanks of this department to the Iowa 
Commission for their care and watchfulness in looking after this exhibit, 
and for innumerable courtesies which I received from them during my 
stay on the exposition grounds. 

Very respectfully yours, 

CHARLES ALDRICH, 
Curator of the State Historical Department. 




PROF. CHARLES A. CUMMING 
Supt. Anthropology Exhibit. 



142 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

DEPOSITED FOR REFERENCE. 

Among the collections deposited by the secretary by direction of the 
Commission with the Historical Department at Des Moines are the fol- 
lowing : 

Newspaper clippings, six volumes, containing clippings from the Iowa 
newspapers and the St. Louis papers concerning the exposition. The six 
volumes contain 1,800 pages, or 216,000 inches of printed matter. 

Visitors' Register, Iowa Building, five volumes, containing the auto- 
graphs of 67,798 Iowa visitors to the exposition. 

Monthly Bulletin, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, July, 1901, to De- 
cember, 1904, two volumes. 

Booklet issued, 160 copies, twenty copies in leather. 

Jamestown Exposition. 

Newspaper exhibit, six volumes, containing copies of Iowa newspapers. 

The register of visitors at Agriculture Booth, three volumes. 

Daily Programs, two volumes, containing programs of each day's 
events at the fair, a complete history of the fair in itself, compiled under 
the direction of the secretary of the Iowa Commission. 

Official catalogue of exhibits, by Official Catalogue Co. 

Rules and Regulations of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, pam- 
phlets, three copies. 

World's Fair Manual and description of grounds and buildings. 

World's Fair Guide Book. 

Military Camps and Special Days and Events, Louisiana Purchase Ex- 
position, pamphlet. 

Gould's Directory of St. Louis, 1904. 

Interstate Directory, R. L. Polk of Sioux City, 1904. 

Colored map of grounds, six copies. 

Exposition folders, two copies. 

Pike album. 

Anthropology, — Queen's Jubilee presents, by WJ McGee; catalogue 
of Jubilee presents. 

Agriculture. — Official catalogue, by Frederic W. Taylor. 

Art. — Official catalogue, first edition, by Halsey C. Ives. 

Arkansas. — Timber resources of Arkansas, pamphlet, two series, four 
and nine, issued by land department of St. Louis, Iron Mountain and 
Southern and Little Rock and Fort Smith railways, 

Brazil, — Brazil at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, pamphlet, by 
Brazilian Commission; Catalogue Do Amazonas Exhibits, pamphlet. 

Costa Rica. — Report, Manuel Gonzales, Executive Commissioner, 

Canada, — History, Production and Natural Resources, by George John- 
son, D. C. L. F. S, S., and Sidney Fisher, Minister of Agriculture, Canada. 
Food Products of Canada, pamphlet, by W. W. Moore; Fruit Culture, pam- 
phlet, two copies, by Robert Hamilton, superintendent of Canada fruit ex- 
hibit; Forest Wealth of Canada, pamphlet, by Canada Commission; Eco- 
nomic Minerals of Canada, pamphlet, by Geological Survey Corps, 

China. — Catalogue of Chinese exhibits at Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion, pamphlet, by Chinese Commission. 

Department of Electricity, — Official catalogue, by W. E, Goldsborough; 
Circular No, 1, exhibits in department. 

Department of Education and Social Economy. — Official catalogue, by 
Howard J. Rogers. 

Forestry, Fish and Game. — Official catalogue, by Tarleton H, Bean; 
Circular No. 1, Department of Forestry, May, 1902; United States Com- 
mission of Fish and Fisheries, pamphlet, three copies; exhibits by W. de 
C. Ravenel, United States Government Board. 

Germany. — Atlas; Statistics of Laboring Men; Insurance Companies; 
Statistics of Loan Companies. 

Hotels. — List of hotels and rooming houses. 

Indian Territory. — Bradley's Manual of Statistical Information, by C. 
M. Bradley. 



HISTORICAL AND ANTHROPOLOG V. 143 

Kinloch Telephone Directory- 
Liberal Arts. — Official Catalogue, by John A. Ockerson ; Division of 
Exhibits, Circtilar No. 7, by John A. Ockerson. 

Live Stock. — Prize List, two copies, by F. D. Colbiirn: Official Cata- 
logue, by Charles F. Mills, Chief. 

Louisiana. — Condition, Progress and Education, pamphlet, by Profes- 
sor Brown Ayres, of Tulane University; In the Levees in Louisiana, pam- 
phlet, by Colonel Arsene Perilleat, member Board of Engineers. 

Mines and Metallurgy. — Official Catalogue, by J. A. Holmes. 

Manufactures. — Official Catalogue, by Milan H. Hulburt. 

Minnesota. — History, Resources and Opportunities, pamphlet, by Min- 
nesota Commission. 

Maryland. — Farmers, Manufacturers and Capitalists, four pamphlets, 
by State Bureau of Immigration; The Seventh Star, Facts and Figures 
About State of Maryland, by L. H. Dielman; Beacon Lights of Baltimore, 
pamphlet, by C. H. Forrest, secretar5^ 

Montana. — Resources and Attractions, pamphlet, by John B. Read. 

Mexico. — Official Catalogue of Mexican Exhibits, issued by Mexican 
Commission. 

Music. — Rules and Regulations of Bureau of Music, pamphlet, by Geo. 
W. Stewart; Choral Societies, by Geo. W. Stewart. 

Machinery. — Official Catalogue, pamphlet, by Thomas W. Moore. 

New Jersey. — Tenth Annual Report, Commissioner of Public Roads, 
1903, pamphlet, by H. I. Budd, Commissioner. 

Olympic Games and Contests, program, by Department of Physical 
Culture. 

Oregon. — Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition, pamphlet, by Henry 
E. Reed, Secretary and Director of Exploitation. 

Oklahoma. — Map of Oklahoma and Indian Territory, pamphlet. 

Philippine Islands. — Official Catalogue of Exhibits of Philippine Gov- 
ernment; Department of Interior; Report of Customs Service, by W. Mor- 
gan Shuster, Collector; Report of Auditor for the Islands, pamphlet; Pic- 
torial Pamphlet; Educational Work; Philippine Exposition; Official Hand- 
book, Part 1; Rosenstock's Business Directory of Manila, June and July, 
1903; Gutta Percha and Rubber of Philippine Islands, by Penoyer L. Sher- 
man, J. Ph. D. ; Volcanoes and Seismic Centers, pamphlet, by Department 
of Commerce and Labor; Climate, pamphlet; Population, pamphlet; Pre- 
liminary Work in Manila, by Governor Taft, pamphlet. 

Porto Rico. — Census of 1899, by War Department. 

Portugal. — History of Army and Monuments, pamphlet; History of 
Military School, pamphlet; Colonies Portugaises, pamphlet; Mission et Ex- 
plorations Portugaises, pamphlet; Electricity Applied to Medicine, Etc., 
pamphlet; Colonies Portugaises D'Afrique, pamphlet; Naval School of Lis- 
bon, pamphlet. 

Rhode Island. — Industries Catalogue, pamphlet, by Providence Cham- 
ber of Commerce; Rhode Island Building, pamphlet, by Commision. 

Rules and Regulations, Specific, by Division of Works, pamphlet; De- 
livery, Handling, Roadways and Traffic, two copies; Gas on Exposition 
Grounds, two copies; Plumbing, two copies; Fire Protection by High Pres- 
sure, two copies; Water Supply, two copies; Grounds, Treatment, two cop- 
ies; Garbage, Disposal, two copies; Steam Supply, two copies; Sewer Con- 
nections, two copies; Erection Buildings and Structure, two copies; Com- 
pressed Air, one copy; Electricity, one copy. 

St. Louis. — St. Louis the Convention City, pamphlet, by Business 
Men's League of St. Louis. 

Transportation. — Official Catalogue, by Williard A. Smith. 

West Virginia." — Handbook of West Virginia, pamphlet, by Virgil H. 
Lewis. 

Miscellaneous Pamphlets. 

Addresses and Proceedings National Educational Association, Madi- 
son Wisconsin, in 1884. 



144 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Biennial Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction of Iowa, 1883- 
1885. 

Great Anthracite Coal Mine, by Anthracite Company, Scranton, Pa. 

Westinghouse Industries, by Westinghouse Electric and Manufactur- 
ing Company, Pittsburg, Pa. 

Directory Officers of United States Army, St. Louis, Mo. 

Catalogue Iowa Federation Women's Clubs, 1902-1903. 

Catalogue Forest Park University, St. Louis. 

Catalogue Washington University. 

Annual Statement of Trade and Commerce, St. Louis, 1903, by Geo. 
H. Morgan, secretary. 

Catalogue of Lange & Berstrom, St. Louis, Mo. 

Corliss Engines, Murray Iron Works, Burlington. 

Reports of Former Commissions. 

Report Oregon World's Fair Commission, 1895 (Columbian), two cop- 
ies. 

Report of Hon. Ethan W. Allen, Acting United States Commissioner 
World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial, 1886. 

Report Illinois Commission, Trans-Mississippi Commission, 1898. 

Report Illinois Commission, Columbian Commission, 1893. 

Report Kansas Commission, Columbian Commission, 1893. 

The books and music by Iowa authors and composers collected by the 
Women's Auxiliary Committee of the Iowa Commission. 

In closing the work of the Commission there will be other things to 
deposit which will include medals and diplomas awarded to the Iowa Com- 
mission for state exhibits; other publications, and copies of programs, in- 
vitations, circulars, and stationery; also copies of this report of the Com- 
mission. 

Deposited With the State Historical Society. 

Among the books, pamphlets, etc., deposited with the State Historical 
Society at Iowa City by the Iowa Commission are the following: 

Two copies Progressive Men of Iowa, volumes 1 and 2. 

Ninety copies The State of Iowa — Something of Its History. 

One copy Brazil at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 

Pour copies Coahuela, a Brief Statistical Statement. 

One copy Exposition, St. Louis, Rules and Regulations. 

Two copies Thirtieth General Assembly, 1904. 

One copy World's Fair, St. Louis, Descriptive Booklet. 

One copy Telephone Directory, St. Louis, used by Iowa Commission. 

One copy Jamestown Exposition edition of Norfolk Dispatch, 1904. 

One copy Louisiana Purchase Centennial Dedication Ceremonies. 

Three copies World's Fair Bulletin, volume 3, numbers 5 to 12; volume 
4, numbers 1 to 12; volume 5, numbers 1 to 12; volume 6, numbers 1 and 
2; March, 1902, to December, 1904. 

Eighteen copies World's Fair, 1904 — Editor's Memoranda, number 12. 

Twelve copies address delivered on Iowa Day by Thomas D. Healy. 

Two copies OflEicials Iowa Commission. 

Thirteen copies Handbooks of various states or of institutions, etc. 

One lot of second-class unclaimed mail. 

Six volumes Iowa Newspaper Exhibit. 

Two hundred typewritten (mimeograph) Daily Bulletins, containing 
probably 3,000 pages. These bulletins w^ere issued daily by the Exposition 
Company and furnished to the daily newspapers, the matter being pre 
pared by Mr. W. A. Kelsoe, superintendent of the press bureau and corps 
of reporters. An effort was made to give complete official reports of the 
day's proceedings. The copies furnished the Iowa Commission were care- 
fully preserved, Mr. Kelsoe supplying the missing numbers. This collec- 
tion deposited with the State Historical Society is one of not to exceed 
six in existence. 

Copies of this report will also be deposited with the State Historical 
Society. 



HISTORICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGY. 145 

CHRONOLOGY OF IOWA AND THE WORLD'S FAIR. 

1898, December 13. — Governor Stephens, of Missouri, issued a call for 
a convention, requesting the Governors of the fourteen states comprising 
the Louisiana Purchase to appoint delegates to attend the convention to 
consider the question of commemorating the one hundredth anniversary 
of the purchase of Louisiana. 

1899, January 6. — Governor Shaw appoints delegates to attend a con- 
vention at St. Louis. 

1899, January 10-11. — At the convention called to consider the question 
of celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the purchase of Louisiana 
Territory, all of the fourteen states comprising the Louisiana Purchase 
were fully represented. Hon. J. C. Milliman, Lieutenant Governor of Iowa, 
was made chairman. Resolutions were adopted favoring an international 
exposition in St. Louis in 1903 as the most fitting celebration in which 
the development of the states of the Louisiana Purchase could be demon- 
strated. 

1900, March 15. — In the Iowa House of Representatives, Twenty-eighth 
General Assembly, Hon. W. L. Eaton introduced a concurrent resolution 
favoring the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and requesting representa- 
tives in the United States Senate and House of Representatives to use 
their best endeavors to promote the passage of the bill appropriating 
$5,000,000 in aid thereof. Adopted by both branches. 

1902, April 11. — BUI passed both houses of the Iowa General Assembly 
appropriating $125,000 for Iowa Commission to the Louisiana Purchase E7v- 
posltion. 

1902, April 29. — Governor A. B. Cummins appointed thirteen Commis- 
sioners to represent the state of Iowa at the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion. 

1902, July 1. — Iowa Commission organized. 

1902, October 2. — Allotment ceremonies at the exposition grounds, aL 
which the site for the Iowa Building was assigned. 

1902, October 7. — Iowa Commission effected permanent organization. 

1902, December 18. — Architects' plans for the Iowa Building adopted; 
departments assigned. 

1903, March 4. — Contract for the erection of the Iowa Building was 
awarded. 

1903, April 30. — Dedication of the exposition buildings at St. Louis in 
celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the purchase of Louisiana 
Territory. 

1903, May 2. — Corner stake of Iowa Building driven by Governor Cum- 
mins. 

1903, August 25. — Flag raised over the Iowa Building by Commissioner 
Shepherd and President Francis, 

1903, August 26. — Louisiana Purchase Day at Iowa State Fair, Dr. A. 
B. Storms, orator. 

1903, November 14. — Iowa Building at Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
dedicated, Chairman Witmer presiding. 

1903, December 20. — Centennial anniversary of formal transfer of the 
Louisiana Territory to the United States celebrated in Iowa schools. 

1904, January 6. — Artist selected to decorate the Iowa Building. 
1904, January 13. — Joint legislative committee inspects Iowa Building 

and work of Commission. 

1904, February 11. — Senator Allison and Congressman W. I. Smith se- 
cured loan of $4,500,000 in Congress for exposition. 

1904, February 17. — Joint legislative committee makes report and re- 
commends additional appropriation of $20,000. 

1904, March 22. — Senate File No. 207, turning over property accumu- 
lated by Iowa Commission to the Board of Control; also Senate File No. 
200, appropriating $20,000 additional for use of Iowa Commission, passed 
by the Senate. 



146 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

1904, April 30. — Louisiana Purchase Exposition opened by President 
Roosevelt, and Iowa Building ready for occupancy. 

1904, May 30. — Memorial Day observed at Iowa Building. 

1904, June 17. — Iowa Day celebration, commemorating the 231st anni- 
versary of the discovery of Iowa. • 

1904, July 4. — National Day observed at Iowa Building. 

1904, July 5. — American Boy Day; Iowa boy wins first prize for poem. 

1904, October 15. — Iowa Cities' Day. 

1904, November 24. — Thanksgiving Day observed. 

1904, November 26. — President's Day. 

1904, December 1. — Exposition closes. 



IOWA AND EXPOSITIONS. 

1874, January 23. — Governor C. C. Carpenter, in his biennial message, 
commends the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. (Messages and Proc- 
lamations of the Governors of Iowa, volume IV, page 101.) 

1874, January 31. — In a special message to the General Assembly, C 
C. Carpenter, Governor of Iowa, speaking of Iowa at the Centennial, says: 
"I do not regard this as a recommendation for a donation to help on a cel- 
ebration which appeals to the patriotic impulses of every American, for 
I believe, throwing out of view every consideration of patriotism, that the 
money expended economically and carefully in securing a proper repre- 
sentation of Iowa in this exhibition will be returned to the state increased 
at least four-fold." 

1876, January 12. — Governor Carpenter's biennial message asks for 
representation at the Centennial for Iowa. (Mess, and Proc. of Govs., vol. 
IV, p. 169.) 

1876, January 13. — Governor Samuel J. Kirkwood's third inaugural ad- 
dress, devoted largely to history of Iowa and its development, with refer- 
ence to its position in the Louisiana Purchase Territory and to the nation 
in its centennial year. (Mess, and Proc. of Govs., vol. IV, p. 285.) 

1876, January 24. — Governor Kirkwood sent a special message to the 
General Assembly, in which he said, "The growth of our state in popula- 
tion and wealth must for many years to come depend largely upon immi- 
gration. We seek and welcome immigrants from all the states of our na- 
tion, and from all the nations of the civilized world. We offer perhaps 
more surely than any other portion of our country, certain and bountiful 
facilities for comfortable living to all coming among us who are willing 
to work. A creditable showing at the Centennial Exposition of the capa- 
bilities of our state may do much to bring immigrants among us, and our 
failure in that regard may work us injury. Aside from this consideration, 
a proper degree of state pride should lead us to make sure that such of 
our citizens as may visit the exposition shall not have cause to feel 
ashamed of the position our state will occupy there. I therefore recom- 
mend that you make such appropriation as will enable those who may be 
charged with procuring and exhibiting the products of Iowa, to do so in 
a plain, economical, but proper manner. I also recommend that you cause 
to be printed for free distribution at the exposition a large edition — say 
5,000 copies — of our census report for 1875, or a full summary thereof, for 
the reason that much information as to wealth, productiveness, resources 
and growth of the state (in convenient form for examination and preserva- 
tion) would thereby be imparted." 

1876, February 3. — House File No. 264, by W. H. Servers, of Mahaska 
County, appropriated $20,000 for a state exhibit at the Centennial, under 
control of Executive Council. It was championed by Hon. Rush Clark, of 
Johnson County, passed the House and Senate, and was signed by Gov- 
ernor Kirkwood, February 28. 

1876, May 11. — Proclamation of Governor Kirkwood, asking that the 
celebrations of the Centennial Anniversary of Independence, .July 4, 1876, 



HISTORICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGY. 147 

by towns and counties of Iowa, be devoted to programs consisting of his- 
torical sketches concerning the towns, townships and counties of the state 
and that copies be deposited with the historical departments of the na- 
tion, state and county. (Mess, and Proc. of Govs., vol. IV, pp. 310-313.) 

1878, January 15. — Governor Joshua G. Newbold reviews the work at 
the Centennial Exposition in his biennial message. (Mess, and Proc. of 
Govs., vol. IV, p. 3G9.) 

1878. — Laws of Iowa, Joint Resolution No. 1, appoints Gustavus B. 
Brackett and Alfred Hebard honorary commissioners to the Paris Expo- 
sition. 

1884. — Chapter 135. Laws of Iowa, $1,000 appropriated for an exhibit 
of Iowa schools at the National Educational Convention at Madison, Wis. 

1885. — Individuals of Iowa advanced the necessary amount of money 
to make a creditable representation at the World's Industrial and Cotton 
Centennial at New Orleans, which opened December, 1884. Unfortunately 
a large part of the exhibit was destroyed in a railroad wreck and the Com- 
mission were unable to replace it. 

1886, January 14. — Governor Buren R. Sherman, in his biennial mes- 
sage, recommends an appropriation of $20,000 to reimburse individuals 
for the representation of Iowa at New Orleans. (Mess, and Proc. of Govs., 
vol. V, p. 374.) 

188C.— Chapter 170 appropriates $4,137 to reimburse certain citizens 
for money advanced to aid in making an exhibit of the resources of Iowa 
at the New Orleans Exposition. 

1886. — Chapter 151, $12,000 appropriated to individuals and counties 
that contributed money and for claims for making an exhibit at New Or- 
leans. 

1889. — Iowa was represented at the Paris Exposition by Hon. James 
O. Crosby, afterwards president of the Columbian Commission. He made 
report to Governor Larrabee of the awards taken by Iowa. 

1890. — General Assembly appropriated $50,000 for representation at 
the Columbian Exposition at Chicago. $5,000 of this was used to defray 
preliminary expenses, when the law was repealed by the Twenty-fourth 
General Assembly and $125,000 appropriated, making a total appropriation 
of $130,000. By special appropriation of the Executive Council and other 
money received hy the Iowa Columbian Commission for services from the 
Exposition Company and other states by the Iowa State Band, the total 
amount of money available for this Commission, according to the state- 
ment of the late Hon. Charles Ashton, was $183,000; total cost, $200,767.53. 

1892. — The Twenty-fourth General Assembly appropriated $2,500 to 
pay expenses incurred at the Industrial and Cotton Centennial held at New 
Orleans, 1885-1886. 

1892, January 12. — Governor Horace Boies recommends liberal appro- 
priation for the Columbian Exposition at Chicago. (Mess, and Proc. of 
Govs., vol. VI, p. 319.) 

1892, August 2. — Governor Boies issues proclamation naming October 
21 as Columbus Day and asking that it be celebrated. (Mess, and Proc. of 
Govs., vol. VI, p. 413.) 

1894, January 11. — Governor Frank D. Jackson, in inaugural address, 
commends the representation of Iowa at the Columbian Exposition. (Mess. 
and Proc. of Govs., vol. VII, pp. 5, 6, 7.) 

1896, January 14. — Governor Jackson, in biennial message, recom- 
mends proper observance of Iowa's semi-centennial. (Mess, and Proc. of 
Govs., vol. VII, p. 57.) 

1896, January 16. — Governor Francis M. Drake, in inaugural address, 
recommends appropriation for Iowa's semi-centennial. (Mess, and Proc. 
of Govs., vol. VII, pp. 100-101.) 

1896. — Chapter 149, Laws of the Twenty-sixth General Assembly, ap- 
propriates $10,000 for representation at the Trans-Mississippi Exposition 
at Omaha. 



148 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

1896. — Chapter 116, Laws Twenty-sixth General Assembly, appropri- 
ates $10,000 for Semi-Centennlal at Burlington. 

1898, January 11. — Governor Drake, in his biennial message, com- 
mends the Semi-Centennial of Iowa's admission into the Union (Mess, and 
Proc. of Govs., vol. VII, pp. 170-171) and speaks of the Tennessee Centen- 
nial at Nashville (p. 180). 

1896, September 19. — Governor Drake issues proclamation notifying 
the people of the state of the Semi-Centennial Celebration to be held at 
Burlington, October 1, 1896, and continuing eight days. (Mess, and Proc. 
of Govs., vol. VII, p. 220.) 

1896, December 19. — Governor Drake issues proclamation asking the 
observance of December 28th as the culmination of Iowa's Semi-Centen- 
nial, this date being the anniversary of Iowa's admission to the Union 
[December 28, 1846]. (Mess, and Proc. of Govs., vol. VII, p. 229.) 

1900.— Chapter 168, $5,000 appropriated for Sergeant Charles Floyd 
monument. 

1902, January 13. — Governor Leslie M. Shaw recommends appropria- 
tion for Louisiana Purchase Exposition in biennial message. (Mess, anr 
Proc. of Govs., vol. VII, p. 358.) 

1904. — The proclamations and messages concerning the Louisiana Pur- 
chase Exposition, issued by Governor Albert B. Cummins, appear in this 
report under "Proclamations"' and will appear in the forthcoming volume 
VIII of the "Messages and Proclamation of the Governors of Iowa," issued 
by the State Historical Society. 

Laws providing for the appointment of a Commission to the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition will be found in this report under "Laws." 



IOWA DAYS AT EXPOSITIONS, 

Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. — Iowa Day, Thursday, Septem- 
ber 7, 1876. Address by Hon. C. C. Nourse, of Des Moines. 

Cotton Centennial, New Orleans. — Iowa Day, Wednesday, May 13, 1885. 
Addresses by Commissioner H. H. Pairall, Col. M. T. Owen, Maj. F. M. 
Clarke and Director General Burke of the exposition. Resolutions by Cap- 
tain Ham, of Dubuque, and a poem, "Iowa to the South," by H. S. Kneed- 
ler. 

Columbian Exposition at Chicago. — Dedication of Iowa State Building, 
Saturday, October 22, 1892. Invocation, Rev. T. E. Green, D. D. Presen- 
tation of building to Governor, President Crosby; dedication and tender 
to exposition, Governor Boies; poem., Maj. S, H. M. Byers; oration, Hon. 
E. P. Seeds. 

Formal opening and presentation of Iowa state exhibit to the Board 
of Managers, Monday, May 1, 1893. Introductory address, President Cros- 
by; address by Secretary of State W. M. McFarland. 

Iowa state celebration days, Wednesday and Thursday, September 20 
and 21, 1893. Reception to Governor Boies, Wednesday, September 20, 
1893. At Festival Hall, Thursday, September 21, 1893, introduction by Pres- 
ident Crosby; invocation, Rev. J. H. Palmer; addresses by Governor 
Boies, W. I. Buchanan and Secretary McFarland. 

Trans-Mississippi Exposition at Omaha. — Dedication Iowa State Build- 
ing, Thursday, June 23, 1898. Invocation, Rev. L. P. McDonald, Council 
Bluffs; chorus of 100 voices from Dubuque; presentation of building. Presi- 
dent Mallory and Chairman Packard; dedication address by Governor 
Shaw; acceptance. President Wattles; exposition ode, Maj. S. H. M. Byers; 
address, Hon. John N. Baldwin. 

Dedication of Council Bluffs Wigwam. Addresses by Mayor Jennings, 
of Council Bluffs, Spencer Smith and Walter I. Smith. 

Banquet to Governor Shaw, Omaha Club Room, Tuesday, September 
20, 1898. Chairman S. B. Packard, toastmaster; speakers, Senator Wm.. 



HISTORICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGY. 149 

V. Allen, President Wattles, Senator John M. Thurston, ex-Governor Alvin 
Saunders, Judge H. E. Deemer, S. C. McFarland, Lafayette Young and Con- 
gressman David H. Mercer. 

Iowa State Day, Wednesday, September 21, 1898. Vice President Allan 
Dawson presiding; addresses by Governor Shaw, President Wattles and 
Robert G. Cousins. 



REFERENCES. 

Reference books in the State Library and Historical Departments at 
Des Moines and Iowa City of expositions in which Iowa has taken part: 

1876. — United States International Exposition (Centennial), volumes 
1 to 8, inclusive, published by the government. Superintendent of Public 
Instruction Abernethy issued pamphlet listing Iowa's educational exhibit 
at the Centennial. 

187G. — Senate Journal, pages 54 to 58, Governor Kirkwood's message, 
accompanied by report of Commissioner. 

1878. — Senate Journal, report of Executive Council on expenditures 
at Philadelphia, appendix, pages 517 to 539. 

Iowa and the Centennial, 42-page pamphlet, containing address of 
Hon. C. C. Nourse, Iowa Day. Fifty thousand copies of this pamphlet were 
printed by the state. 

1878. — Paris Universal Exposition, issued by United States govern- 
ment. 

1884. — Proceeding of the National Teachers' Association at Madison, 
Wisconsin, pages 82 to 89. 

1885. — Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction, containing re- 
port of Iowa exhibit at Madison and New Orleans, pages 8 to 9 and 17 
to 34. 

1886. — Report of Iowa Commission to the New Orleans Exposition, 
160 pages. 

1889.- — United States government report of Paris Exposition, five vol- 
umes. 

1891. — House Executive Documents, Fifty-first Congress, issued by the 
government, Nos. 175, 176, 177; report of Columbian Exposition Commis- 
sion, with synopsis of proceedings, by-laws, list of officers, etc. 

1892. — House Executive Documents, No. 142, Fifty-second Congress; 
report of Columbian Commission. 

1892. — Iowa State Fair Premium Lists, containing specials for exhibits 
for Chicago Exposition. 

1893. — House Executive Documents, Fifty-second Congress, No, 211; 
report of Columbian Commission, including all ceremonies. 

1893. — Report of Iowa Commission to the Columbian Exposition at Chi- 
cago, 420 pages. 

1893. — Proceedings of the Iowa Commision to the Columbian Exposi- 
tion, 470 pages. 

1893. — Report of the Adjutant General, Iowa National Guard at the 
Columbian Exposition, pages 7 to 10, 62, 94 to 98; appendix, general or- 
ders Nos. 19, 35, 41, 42, 43, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54,' 59, 60, 61, 64, 69. 

1898.— Report of Commission to Trans-Mississippi Exposition at 
Omaha, 188 pages. 

State Agricultural Society Reports. 

1875. — Page 205, resolution endorsing the Centennial Exposition. 

1876. — Page 36, comments of the secretary on the Centennial. 

1884. — Secretary on New Orleans Exposition. 

1885. — Page 47, secretary's report on New Orleans Exposition. 
;^1890. — Page 15, recommendation on the Columbian Exposition; page 
24, Corn Palace, Sioux City; page 25, Ottumwa Coal Palace; page 130, 
Crestbn Blue Grass Palace. 



ISO IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

1891.— Pages 23, 174, 655, Columbian Exposition; page 81, Flax Pal- 
ace; page 105, Corn Palace; page 111, Blue Grass Palace; page 113, Coal 
Palace. 

1892. — Pages 20, 523, Columbian Exposition; page 83, Flax Palace; 
page 109, state fair in 1893. 

1893.— Pages 10, 11, 12, 13, 458, Columbian Exposition. 

1902. — Year Book of Agriculture, pages 75, 510, 527, 536, 548. 

1903.— Year Book of Agriculture, pages 36, 85, 323. 

1904. — Year Book of Agriculture, page 190, live stock; page 210, dairy, 
pages 695 to 710, partial list of Iowa awards at Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion. 

, State Horticultural Society Reports. 

1874. — Page 14, to collect exhibit of fruit and woods of Iowa for Cen- 
tennial; page 18, the society urged to make display of fruits; page 108, 
status of the exhibit. 

1875. — Memorial to the Sixteenth General Assembly, urging an appro- 
priation for the Centennial Exposition of $3,140, to be disbursed by the 
society. 

1876. — Page 26, Iowa exhibit at Centennial; page 123, report of Pres- 
ident Brackett on Iowa Centennial exhibit; page 132, Iowa fruit exhibit. 

1884. — Page 79, $600 appropriated for collecting fruit exhibit for Ne"Y 
Orleans; page 143, Iowa took the gold medal and $200 award for best col- 
lection of apples; page 251, premiums ax New Orleans. 

1885. — Report of G. B. Brackett. superintendent of horticulture for 
Iowa at New Orleans Exposition. 

1890. — Page 162, co-operation in making an exhibit at the Chicago 
World's Fair. 

1891. — Page 178, favoring a creditable exhibition; page 190, superin- 
tendent instructed to expend not to exceed $500; page 439, committee ap- 
X>o Dt^d to represent the Northern Iowa Horticultural Department. 

1893. — Pages 96 to 102, report of superintendent of Iowa fruit display 
at World's Fair, Chicago; pages 168 and 169, resolution concerning re- 
moval of superintendent; page 210, J. M. Samuels, chief Department of 
Horticulture, commends the exhibit made by Iowa; page 266, Horticulture 
at the World's Fair, by Prof. N. E. Hansen, of Ames; page 486, Iowa Fruit 
Exhibit at the World's Fair, by A. F. Collman, of Corning. 

1897. — Page 41, reference by president of Omaha Exposition; pages 
136, 139. 423, endorses Omaha Exposition. 

1898. — Page 528, The Trans-Mississippi Exposition, by A. F. Collman 

1902. — Pages 21, 93, 504, Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 

1903. — Pages 23, 88, 167, 170, Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 

1904. — Pages 94 to 102, inclusive, reports and comments of representa- 
* tives at St. I^ouis; page 335, The Flower Show. 

Iowa Official Register. — 1891, pages 50 to 52; 1892, pages 64 to GQ: 
1893, pages 56 and 57; 1903, page 125: 1904, pages 146 to 153; 1905, pages 
141 to 148. 

1891. — Improved Live Stock Breeders' Association, page 103. 

1903. — Proceedings State Teachers' Association, pages 31 to 33. 

1903. — Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction, page xlviii, 
pages 101 to 134, inclusive; also circulars issued by the department. 

1903. — Report of Adjutant General, pages 7. 102, 103. 

1904.— Senate Journal, pages 52, 53, 212, 214. 

1904; — House Journal, pages 54, 256, 258. 



HISTORICAL REFERENCES. 

The Louisiana Purchase, by C. M. Hobby (Iowa Historical Lectures, 
published by the State Historical Society, 1892.) 

The Philosophy of the History of the Louisiana Purchase, by Henry 



HISTORICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGY. 151 

Clay Dean. (Tenth Biennial Report of the State Historical Society, 187?;, 
published by the state.) 

Louisiana Purchase, by J. L. Plckard. (Iowa Historical Record, April, 
1885, page 57, published by the State Historical Society.) 

Who Made Iowa? by T. S. Parvin, pamphlet. 

Documentary material relating to the history of Iowa, edited by Ben- 
jamin F. Shambaugh, A. M., and published by the State Historical Society 
No. 1, 1895, acquisition of Louisiana by the United States, treaty signed 
by Livingston, Monroe and Marbois, the president authorized to take pos- 
session, proclamation and address of Wm. C. C. Claiborne, Governor Gen- 
eral and Intendent of the province, Louisiana divided in two territories, 
laws: No. 2, 1895, the territory of Louisiana, territory of Missouri, com- 
mon law, the Missouri compromise: No. o, 1896, the Northwest Territory, 
Indiana, Michigan, the territory west of the Mississippi River; No. 4, 189G. 
Wisconsin; No. 5, 1896, territory and state of Iowa; No. 6, 1896, constitu- 
tions and conventions of Iowa; No. 9, 10, 11, 1897, local governments. 

The Iowa Journal of History and Politics, published by the State His- 
torical Society at Iowa City, and the Annals of Iowa, published by the 
Historical Department at Des Moines, both quarterly magazines, have 
many artioies and references to the Louisiana Purchase by well known 
authors. 

The periodicals, manuscripts, books, maps, etc., comprising the ex- 
hibits at the exposition described in the report of Mr. Charles Aldricli, 
will be found for inspection at the State Historical Department at Des 
Moines. 

The editions of all the foregoing reports are practically exhausted. 
They may be found for reference with the State Library, Historical De- 
partment, Historical Society, Secretary of the Executive Council, where 
many of the original manuscript records are preserved. The state re- 
ports may be found with the departments issuing them. 



George Washington did not live to see Louisiana purchased by the 
United States, his death occurring December 14, 1799. Abraham Lincoln 
was born six years later. Daniel Webster was 21 years of age, Henry 
Clay 26, Andrew Jackson 36, Aaron Burr 47, Alexander Hamilton 46, the 
tragedy which ended his life occurring two years later. The parties lo 
the treaty were President Thomas Jefferson, 60 years of age; James Mad- 
ison, Secretary of State, 52; James Monroe, 45; Robert Livingston, 57, 
Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of France, 34 years of age; Barbe-Mar- 
bois, 58, and Talleyrand-Perigord, 49 years. 



Among the things deposited in the corner stone of the new $30,000 
public school building at Bloomfield, Iowa, were the publications which 
had been issued by the Iowa Commission. 




IOWA BUILDING. RECEPTION ROOM AND GOVERNOR'S SUITE. 



DEPARTMENT OF WOMAN'S WORK. 153 



Department of Woman's Work 



At the special meeting of the Commission held for organization, on 
October 7, 1902, Commissioner George M. Curtis presented a resolution 
favoring the appointment of a woman's auxiliary committee to act in con- 
junction with the Commission. 

In the assignment of departments, December 18, 1902, Commissioner 
Curtis was assigned as Commissioner in charge of woman's work. He in- 
troduced a resolution providing for the appointment of an auxiliary com- 
mittee and defining its duties at the regular meeting of the Commission, 
March 4, 1903. This resolution was referred to the executive committee, 
was approved and adopted by the Commission June 3, 1903, as follows: 
; "Be It Resolved, First. — That there be appointed an Iowa auxiliary 
qommittee of women composed of three in number, not more than one of 
whom shall reside in the same congressional district, and they shall hold 
their appointments during the pleasure of the Commission. 
'i "Second. — The members so appointed may organize by electing from 
their number a chairman, vice chairman and secretary, and such other 
officers as they deem necessary. Said committee shall also have author- 
ity to appoint such committees or sub-committees and to make and promul- 
gate such rules and regulations as may be deemed necessary for the effi- 
cient discharge of their duties, provided, that said committee shall not 
make any expenditure of money, nor incur any financial obligation except 
upon authority previously obtained from this Commission. 

"Third. — The auxiliary committee of women shall have authority to 
exercise general supervisory control over such features of the Iowa exhib- 
its as may be assigned to such committee by the Commission, and the 
committee shall be subject to such rules and regulations as may be here- 
after prescribed by the Commission." 

Adopted. 

In accordance with the above resolution, the executive committee se- 
lected the following women at their meeting held June 30th, to comprise 
the auxiliary committee: Mrs. W. H. Baily, Des Moines; Mrs. Henry J. 
Howe, Marshalltown; Mrs. H. E. Deemer, Red Oak. 

At the meeting of the Commission held September 2, 1903, the selec- 
tion of the committee was ratified. The members appeared and made the 
following report: 

"The women's auxiliary committee of the Louisiana Purchase Commis- 
sion of Iowa met at the Savery House, Des Moines, Tuesday, September 
1, 1903, and perfected an organization by electing Mrs. W. H. Baily chair- 
man; Mrs. Henry J. Howe, vice chairman; Mrs, Horace E. Deemer, secre- 
tary. 

"The committee begs leave to make the following suggestions to the 
Commission: 

"That arrangements be made in the Iowa Building for placing exhib- 
its of Iowa women's handicraft, that are worthy and are not entered for 
competition. 

"Also that we be given space for placing an exhibit of the books of 
Iowa authors, with specimen pages of their manuscripts and autograph 
photographs of the authors. 

"Also that space be given us for making a library exhibit, to consist 
of pictures of library buildings and plans of interiors. Also an educa- 



154 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

tional exhibit, especially the art work of our public schools and the man- 
ual training work. 

"That we have an Iowa Club Woman's Day during the meeting of the 
General Federation of Women's Clubs, which meets in St. Louis in 1904, 
and any other days that may suggest themselves." 

The president called upon the ladies for remarks, and Mrs. Baily 
responded, expressing the idea that they were present more for instruc- 
tion than any other purpose; that it was their idea that they were to as- 
sist the Commission in the way of making an exhibit of women's work at 
the exposition. 

Mrs. Deemer expressed the belief that they could assist greatly in 
making the Iowa Building interesting to lowans and other visitors. 

Mrs. Howe's remarks were directed to the furnishing of the Iowa 
Building as a summer home. 

The women comprising this committee took up their work and con- 
scientiously followed it out, bringing together a remarkable exhibit in 
books by Iowa authors, music by Iowa composers, painting on canvas and 
china by Iowa artists, also the exhibit of the Home for the Feeble-Minded 
at Glen wood. These exhibits were viewed by thousands of visitors. The 
members of the committee assisted at the building in many of the social 
functions held there. 



Report of Commissioner Curtis 

To Hon. William Larrabee, President Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
Commission of Iowa. 

I take pleasure in submitting to you the report of the women's aux- 
iliary committee of the Iowa Commission, and in doing so I desire to most 

sincerely commend the work in ev- 
ery particular, as well as the re- 
port, as meeting my most hearty ap- 
proval. It was through the work of 
this committee that the building was 
made so complete in all its appoint- 
ments, and the thanks of the Com- 
mission are due them for their read- 
iness to assist in every social func- 
tion. 

The work taken up in every 
line was performed conscientiously 
and with a true sense of loyalty in 
presenting the interests of the wom- 
en of the state as represented by 
this committee. It gives me pleas- 
ure to note that the members have 
worked in harmony with themselves 
and the Commission, and the success 
COMR. GEORGE M. CURTIS, Clinton. of this department is everywhere 




DEPARTMENT OF WOMAN'S WORK. 155 

recognized. I desire to extend to the women comprising this committee 
my thanks as head of the department, and for the Commission, which has 
so heartily approved all their work. 

Respectfully submitted, 

GEORGE M. CURTIS, 
Commissioner in Charge Department of Women's Work. 



GEORGE M. CURTIS. 

Commissioner George M. Curtis became a resident of Clinton in 1867, 
during which time he has continuously lived within the state, and has been 
prominently engaged in the manufacture of sash, doors, blinds, lumber, 
etc., under the company name of Curtis Bros. & Co. He is also promi- 
nently identified either as president or director of several industrial and 
banking institutions, both within and without the state. He was born 
April 1, 1844, on a farm near Oxford, Chenango County, New York. His 
father removed with his family in 1856 and settled on a farm near Ro- 
chelle, 111. He was educated in the common schools and at Rock River 
Seminar}', Mt. Morris, 111. He earned his first money as school teacher 
during the "winters of 1861-1862, receiving $15 per month and board, hav- 
ing been boarded around by the patrons of the school. Mr. Curtis sought 
to enlist during the war of the rebellion, but was rejected on account of 
physical disabilities. While he has at no time sought public office, he was 
induced to accept a nomination on the Republican ticket in 1877 and was 
elected by a safe majority to the state legislature. He was elected to rep- 
resent his district in the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses, declining 
to accept a renomination in 1898. He was a delegate to the Republican 
National Convention at Minneapolis in 1892, and to Chicago in 1904. Mr. 
Curtis was married September 4, 1872, to Miss Ettie Lewis, at Clinton. 
They have two sons, George L. and Eugene J. Mr. Curtis has been active 
in the work of the Iowa Commission, being at the head of the Department 
of Women's Work, also serving on the building and executive committees. 



Report of the Auxiliary Committee 

To Hon. George M. Curtis, Commissioner in Charge of Department of 

Women's Work, Iowa Commission. 

The Auxiliary Committee, Department of Women's Work, Iowa Com- 
mission. Louisiana Purchase Exposition, begs leave to make the following 
report: According to direction received from the Commission, the com- 
mittee collected articles for the adornment of the Iowa Building, such as 
paintings, photographs and hand painted china, to add to the interest of 
the building. 

We gathered books by Iowa authors, music written by Iowa compos- 
ers, artistic bookbindings made by Iowa women, a bust of Governor Cum- 
mins made by an Iowa girl, a handmade inlaid table, an exhibit from the 
School for Feeble-minded Children at Glenwood, three sets of beautiful 
ivorj' and china miniatures by Iowa women, and a handsome silken ban- 
ner of the W. C. T. U. of Iowa, loaned by Mrs. Florence Miller. To be ex- 
act, these were all loaned to us: 



156 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Thirty-three oil and water color paintings, valued at. . .$2,380.00 

One burnt wood placque, valued at 25.00 

Four large framed photographs of public libraries, val- 
ued at 50.00 

Four large framed photographs, portraits, valued at ... . 50.00 

Nine ivory and china miniatures, valued at 400.00 

Sixteen pieces hand painted china, by six different artists, 

valued at . 779.00 

Eleven artistic book bindings, by Mrs. George B. Douglas 

and Miss Tomlinson, valued at 320.00 

One bust of Governor Cummins . , 300.00 



$4,304.00 

In the bookcases of the library in 
the Iowa State Building, 169 Iowa auth- 
ors were represented by 348 books and 
40 pamphlets, collected by Mrs. H. J. 
Howe, and each author thanked in a 
personal letter by the chairman of this 
committee. 

Mrs. Deemer collected 440 musical 
compositions by 45 Iowa people, and 
these productions were placed in a mu- 
sic cabinet in the library. 

The books and musical composir 
tions are to be permanently placed in 
the Iowa Historical Library at De& 
Moines. 

The china, pictures, book bindings, 
inlaid table and bust of Governor Cum- 
mins have all been returned to the 
owners by express prepaid, and a letter 
sent to each one asking an acknowl- 
edgement as soon as their property 

reaches them. Several have already acknowledged reecipt with thanks for 

good care and skillful packing. 

All the articles above named were collected by the committee and 

were insured until the close of the exposition. Several paintings by Mr. 




'^MRS. W. H. BAILY. Des Monies. 
Chairman Auxiliary Committee. 



*Mrs. W. H. Baily (Alice A. Crawford), Des Moines; chairman Wom- 
an's Auxiliary Committee. Was born at Baraboo, Wis., February 16, 1854. 
Graduated at the Wisconsin State University in 1875. Married, Sept. 23, 
1878, to Mr. William H. Baily, an attorney. Mrs. Baily is an enthusiastic 
member of the Presbyterian church and a member of a number of clubs 
and societies. She served the D. A. R.'s as regent and has been president 
of the State Federation of Women's Clubs, after having served the Feder- 
ation as recording secretary and corresponding secretary; has been presi- 
dent of the Woman's Club and the Conversational Club of Des Moines, 
and the Iowa branch of the Collegiate Alumnae. She is now chairman 
of the Iowa Federation of Women's Clubs child labor committee. In ad- 
tion to her other duties as chairman of the auxiliary committee, 
Mrs. Baily collected works of art for the Iowa Building. She has one son, 
Robert, who has been a student at the Iowa State College at Ames in the 
mechanical engineering department. He is now at the University of Wis- 
consin. 



DEPARTMENT OF WOMAN'S WORK. 



157 



Shriner, Mr. Andrews, a portrait of Hon. L. M. Shaw by F. Carl Smith, of 
Washington, two paintings by Charles A. Gray of Chicago, a former lowan, 
two paintings by Hon. Leroy A. Palmer of the Commission, and a few other 
articles were secured for the Iowa Building, for which the auxiliary com- 
mittee was not responsible, but thanks the donors for their kindness. The 
committee attended to packing the Shaw portrait and some of the other 
articles. 

The auxiliary committee began its work about a year ago, and from 
that time attended the meetings of the Commission, besides having several 
meetings of its own, all in Des Moines. 

The committee understood from 
discussion in the Commission and 
instructions that the members were 
to appear officially in the Iowa 
Building three times during the ex- 
position, first at the beginning to un- 
pack and arrange the articles loaned 
for the building, to assist in getting 
thin.gs in order, and to take charge 
of the social functions to be given 
in May during the conventions of 
the G. F. W. C. and the National Ed- 
ucational Association. Second, that 
the members of the committee were 
to take charge of the social func- 
tions in the Iowa Building during 
the meetings of the Iowa and Amer- 
ican Library Associations in Octo- 
ber. Third, that at the close of the 
fair, we were to attend to packing 
and returning the loaned articles. 
We obeyed these behests as we un- 
derstood them. The auxiliary committee assembled in the Iowa Building 
in May and assisted in arranging the furniture, unpacking the books and 
loaned articles, and in making purchases of furniture, rugs and other nec- 




*MRS. HENRY J. HOWE, Marshalltown, 
Vice-Chairman Auxiliary Committee. 



*Mrs. Henry J. Howe (Anna Belknap), Marshalltown, vice chairman 
Woman's Auxiliary Committee; born at Randolph, Vt., May 14, 1849; 
married May 31, 1876, in Northfield, Vt., to Mr. H. J. Howe, banker and 
manufacturer. She was educated at Northfield Academy. Mrs. Howe is 
active in educational and club work, and is sometimes called "the 
mother of the I. F. W. C," as she first sugested the movement for such 
an organization to her home club. She was selected as the first corre- 
sponding secretary of the I. F. W. C, and at the first biennial meeting 
succeeded to the presidency. She was trustee of the Marshalltown 
Public Library eleven years, two years as vice president and two years 
as president. She is now president of the Iowa Library Association, and 
was appointed by Governor Cummins a member of the Iowa Library Com- 
mission, having been president of the Witenagemote-Hawthorne, Woman's 
and Twentieth Century clubs, and charter member of all but the first. 
She founded the Spinning Wheel Chapter, D. A. R., and was its first re- 
gent. Mrs. Howe collected the books by Iowa authors for exhibition at 
the exposition, which are now deposited with the Historical Department. 



158 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



essary things. We took charge of the reception given in honor of the fed- 
erated club women, and assisted in the reception for the Iowa editors. 

These receptions were very pleasant functions, attended by several 
hundred guests, many of them distinguished people from over the United 
States. 

The three members of Ihe committee were at the Iowa Building at 
the time of the National and Iowa Library Association meetings, and had 
charge of the reception given in honor of these organizations. Many hun- 
dred guests from this country, including several distinguished people 
from abroad attended the reception October 18th, and seemed to enjoy 
the occasion. This function cost $100, of which the Iowa Commission 
paid $50, the Iowa Library Association $30, and Mrs. Howe furnished $20. 

On November 21st we were sum- 
moned by telegraph through Mr. 
Curtis to the Iowa Building, to pack 
and return the loaned articles. We 
responded, and after eight days of 
hard work, everything was packed 
and soon shipped by express to the 
owners, who were all notified by let- 
ter that this had been done. 

The members of this committee 
have great!}/ enjoyed their work and 
thank the Commission for courtesies 
received and for the privilege of 
having been associated together in 
this work for the state. 

To Mr. Curtis, chairman of wom- 
an's work, we extend our warmest 
appreciation of his advice, assistance 
and many courtesies; also to Chair- 
man Witmer of the executive com- 
mittee, so closely associated with us 
in this work, and President Larrabee 
and through him to the whole Commission,, including Secretary and Mrs. 
Conaway, who have aided in making our work so pleasant, we extend 
our heartiest thanks for co-operation and assistance. 

As chairman of the auxiliary committee, I can never express the 




*MRS. H. E. DEEMER, Red Oak, 
Secretary Auxiliary Committee. 



*Mrs. Horace E. Deemer (Jeannette Gibson), Red Oak, secretary of 
the Woman's Auxiliary Committee, is a native of Monmouth, 111.; born 
December 6, 1860. After completing her education she taught school four 
years in the public schools of Red Oak. She was married July 12, 1882, 
to Horace E. Deemer, an attorney, who is now Chief Justice of the Su- 
preme Court of Iowa. Mrs Deemer is active in church, club, philanthropic 
and educational matters. She is a member of the D. A. R. and the Monday 
Club of Red Oak, and a member of the child labor committee of the I. F. 
W. C. She refused the nomination as president of the I. F. W. C. She 
has one daughter, Dorothy, born March 11, 1890. Mrs. Deemer was active 
in the work of the auxiliary committee, and collected the music by Iowa 
composers, which is now a part of Iowa's historical collections. 



DEPARTMENT OF WOMAN'S WORK. 159 

pleasure it has been to have the loyal and efficient co-operation of Mrs. 
Howe and Mrs. Deemer in this work. Absolute harmony has reigned, and 
I am sure the satisfaction has been mutual. 

Appended is a list of names of those who loaned articles to this com- 
mittee. In the list of Iowa authors compiled by Mrs. Howe will be found 
the names of those represented in the Iowa Building. 

Paintings. 

Mrs. C. Schnee, Mason City. Mrs. Eunice Gibbs AUyn, Dubuque. 

Chas. M. Walton, Dubuque. Miss Ethel Evans, Malvern. 

Miss Florence Young, Ft. Dodge. Miss Mary A. Kirkup, Ft. Dodge. 

Mrs. A. L. Sorter, Mason City. Mrs. Geo. C. Brown, Council Bluffs. 

Miss Nell Bishop, Red Oak. Miss Newbury, Ft. Dodge. 

Miniatures. 
Miss Katharine Scott, Burlington. Mrs. Ida C. Chambers, Council Bluffs. 

Photographs. 

Dubuque Public Library. Nevada Public Library. 

Boone Public Library. Four portraits, Webster, Des Moines. 

Des Moines Public Library. 

China Painting. 

Miss E. H. Lewis, Dubuque. Miss Carrie E. Newbury, Ft. Dodge. 

Mrs. J. S. Carter, Des Moines. Mrs. Eunice Gibbs Allyn, Dubuque. 

Mrs. Will Jaquith, Des Moines. Miss Arkwright, Council Bluffs. 

Burnt wood placque, Mrs. Pamela Crandale, Des Moines. 

Bust of Governor Cummins, Miss Walker, Art Institute, Chicago. 

Book bindings, Mrs. George B. Douglas and Miss Tomlinson, Cedar 
Rapids, 

Handmade inlaid table and other articles, Mr. Frank H. Kerner, Ham- 
burg. 

We are also indebted to the School for Feeble-Minded Children at Glen- 
wood for an exhibit of beautiful hand work in wood, lace and other materi- 
als, secured by Mrs. Deemer, as well as to the Library Boards of Dubuque, 
Boone and Nevada for framed photographs of their library buildings, and 
to Mr. O. O. Smith, architect of the Des Moines library building, for a 
large drawing of the building; to Clermont friends for a picture of the 
statue of Lincoln in their park; to Governor Larrabee for mounted quail 
and Iowa game birds; to Mr. W. G. Andrews, of Clinton, for paintings 
loaned to us, executed by his father; to Mr. Lemuel Gibson for crayon 
portrait of Governor Cummins; to officers of the W. C. T. U. for group 
photograph; to Hon. Leroy A. Palmer for several large paintings which 
adorned the building; to Mr. H. C. Shriner, of Fairfield, for several paint- 
ings; to Mr. Carl Lewan for skillful paper work, and to Governor Larrabee 
for the wonderful mechanical birds — to all of these kind friends we ex- 
tend our warmest thanks for all they added to the interest and beauty of 
the Iowa Building. 

Respectfully submitted, 

MRS. W. H. BAILY, 
Chairman Woman's Auxiliary Committee. 



160 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



IOWA AUTHORS. 

List of Iowa authors whose books were contributed to the collection 
in the Iowa State Building, and are now preserved in the State Historical 
Library : 



Anson, Adrian C. 

Aylesworth, Barton O. 

Archibald, Rev. Andrew W., D. D. 

Amos, Andrew. 

Allyn, Eunice Gibbs. 

Barr, Walter. 

Brown, Timothy. 

Brown, Henry E. 

Byers, S. H. M. 

Baker, Isadore. 

Boggs, Martha Frye. 

Bell, Hill M. 

Blanden, Charles G. 

Boylan, William M. 

Bicknell, Frank W. 

Bayer, C. J. 

Banks, Charles Eugene. 

Bashford, Herbert. 

Brown, Leonard, 

Betts, Arthur. 

Brigham, Johnson. 

Bookwalter, Lewis. 

Bennett, P. E. 

Bristol, George P. 

Boisot, Louis. 

Botsford, George Willis. 

Beardshear, William M. 

Bates. 

Collier, Ada Langworthy. 

Chappie, J. Mitchell. 

CuUen, Mrs. Lucy Yeend. 

Church, D W. 

Calkins, Frank W. 

Crane, William I. 

Chapin, Mrs. E. N. 

Cousins, Robert G. 

Clarkson, Mrs. Anna Howell. 

Cook, George Crane. 

Chamberlain, J. S. 

Clark, Colonel Charles A. 

Davis, Professor Floyd. 

Donaldson, John Barnett. 

Dawson, Thomas C. 

Dodge,, W. W. 

Dillon, John F. 

Devine, Edward J. 

Douglass. Ellsworth. 

Eiboeck, Joseph. 

Ebersole, E. C. 

East, Emma Tolman. 

Eastman, C. R. 

Fink, William Westcott, 

Frisbie, Rev. A. L., D. D. 

Frisbie, W. A. 

Follett, Marie L. 



Faurot, F. W. 
Fairbanks, Arthur. 
Gue, B. F. 
Gilson, Ray Rolfe. 
Garland, Hamlin. 
Graham, Margaret Collier. 
Grinnell, J. B. 
Griffith, Helen Sherman. 
Gorrell, Dr. J. R. 
Goldie, Mrs. George B. 
Gordon, John. 
Gillette, H. P. 
Hallam, Julia Clark. 
Hazen, E. H., M. D. 
Harbert, Elizabeth Boynton. 
Hough, Emerson. 
Hussey, Tacitus. 
Haggard, James M. 
Hawley, C. M.and Crane, Ruth W. 
Hempstead, Junius L. 
Horack, Frank Edward. 
Hoyt, Eleanor. 
Harrison, Elizabeth. 
Hughes, Rupert. 
Hofer, E. 

Hinshaw, William, M. D. 
Hillis, Newell Dwight, D. D. 
Hinman, Ida. 
Hoist, M. A. 
Hill, James L. 
Judd, Francis Emerson. 
Jones, Alice Ingenfritz. 
Jones, Margaret Patterson. 
Kaye, John B. 
Kretchmer, E. 
Kempker, John F. 
Knapp, Mary Clay. 
Keane, Archbishop. 
Loos, Isaac A. 
Larrabee, William. 
Lewis, George H. 
Leffingwell, William Bruce. 
Leland, Samuel Phelps. 
Lynch, Virginia. 

McClelland, Rev. Adam, D. D., Ph. D. 
McMillan, Liston. 
. Miller, Rev. Emory, D. D. 
Meyer, Fred L. 
Metcalf, Herbert J. 
Morley, Margaret Warren. 
Markey, J. I. 
Moorehead, Frank G. 
Noble, Charles W. 
Nollen, John Scholte. 
Nollen, Jan. 



DEPARTMENT OF WOMAN'S WORK. 



161 



Neff, M. L., M. D. 
Nelson, Aven. 
Ott, Ed Amherst. 
Putnam, Frank. 
Pammel, L. H., Ph. D. 
Percival, Rev. C. S. 
Pinkerton, Colin McKenzie. 
Patchin, Calista Halsey. 
Price, Hiram. 
Quick, Herbert. 
Richardson, D. N. 
Rich, A. W. 
Richards, A. W. 
Richman, D. C. 
Richman, Irving B. 
Reid, Harvey. 
Reynolds, Dr. M. H. 
Street, Ida M. 
Steele, Mrs. Marion. 
Sutton, P. M. 
Stapp, Emilie Blackmore. 
Seerley, H. H. 
Shambaugh, Benjamin F. 
Sabin, Henry, LL. D. 
Sabin, Edwin L. 
Sabin, Elbridge H. 
Smith, Lewis Worthington. 
Storms, A. B., D. D. 



Salter, Rev. William, D. D. 
Scott, Mrs. Mary S. 
Scott, John, 
Sanford, Col. J. P. 
Smith, J. Fred, A. M. 
Snyder, Carl. 
Steiner, Edward A. 
Schaffter, Eugene. 
Stuntz, Homer C. 
Sharp, Abbie Gardner. 
Tillinghast, B. F. 
Thorpe, Minerva. 
Teller, William P. 
Thanet, Octave. 
Taber, Ralph Graham. 
Trout, Grace Wilbur. 
Thompson, Robert J. 
Van Stigt, Door K. 
Whitcomb, Selden L. 
Wheeler, Jeannette. 
Weed, Maria. 
Waite, Mrs. Letitia C 
Wilson, Jennie L. 
Waite, Rev. E. G. 
Wright, Hattie Leonard. 
Walker, Margaret Coulson. 
Zollinger, Gulielma. 



IOWA COMPOSERS. 



List of Iowa musical composers who contributed to the collection of 
musical compositions in the Iowa Building at St. Louis: 



Agnew, J. E. 
Allender, W. D. 
Andreas, Eulalie Lyter. 
Barnhouse, C. L. 
Bartlett, Prof. M. L. 
Bridgman, Roy. 
Botsford, George. 
Browne, Galen H. 
Byers, S. H. M. 
Cady, Calvin B. 
Crowell, Audra Addylett. 
Davis, Katherine Wallace. 
Dalbey, C. W. 
Davis, Edward Cox. 
Ellwood, Ivan. 
Ezerman, E. M. C. 
Foster, Miles Birket. 
Friedrichsen, C. 
Grabble, Lee B. 
Gaynor, Jessie L. 
Haase, Agnes, 
Heath, W. F, 
Heft, Arthur. 
Henry, T. Fred. 



Hofer, Ruif Mari. 
Hussey, Tacitus. 
Ivins, William S. 
Jones, Walter Howe. 
Le Bron, Frank, Jr. 
Lee, Thomas. 
Loewensten, Frank. 
McDonald, Jean. 
Mokrejis, John. 
Otto, Ernst. 
Olds, W. B. 
Pace, Leafy. 
Pontius, W. H. 
Rommell, A. 
Ruifrok, Henri W. T. 
Siegel, Samuel, 
Thomas, Leroy. 
Towner, H. M. 
Thickstun, W. L. 
Thompson, Hans. 
White, Ernest Cunleti. 
Williams, Ivan S. 
Wright, Hattie L.. 



162 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Press and Exploitation 




The booklet issued by the Iowa 
Publishing Company and edited by 
Hon. W C. Hay ward, contains some- 
thing of the history of the state 
of Iowa, a description of its institu- 
tions and resources, with the natural 
advantages. These books were dis- 
tributed among the different state 
and foreign commissions represent- 
ed. The necessity for such a publi- 
cation was much greater than at 
first supposed. Inquiries were made 
at the Iowa Building from the very 
opening of the fair until its close for 
such a work, and the need of it was 
everywhere apparent. This demand 
was not only from people seeking in- 
formation with the intention of find- 
ing a suitable location, but from for- 
eigners desiring to learn more of this 
country, college professors and libra- 
rians, as well as from school book 
men who took this opportunity to familiarize themselves with conditions 
for a revision of their geographies, histories and other text-books. 

An annual or biennial publication by the state of just such a work, 
compiled with the greatest of care, containing a summary of the state and 



*W. W WITMER, 

Chairman Press and Exploitation Committee. 



*W. W. Witmer, Commissioner at Large, chairman of the executive 
and also of the press and exploitation committees, was born at Northum- 
berland, Pennsylvania, April 6, 1843. He was educated at Pennsylvania 
College. In the spring of 1867 he moved to Muscatine, Iowa, and practiced 
law for three and one-half years. He became interested in the "Muscatine 
Courier." In December, 1871, Mr. Witmer moved to Des Moines and be- 
came interested in the "Des Moines Daily Leader," which he managed un- 
til 1882, when he sold the plant to Lowry W. Goode and Polk & Hubbell. 
He engaged in financial institutions and took most of the stock of the 
Savery Hotel, which was built in 1889, and has had active part in the man- 
agement of the business, being now vice president of the Savery Hotel 
Company. While Mr. Witmer has never been an aspirant for political 
positions, he was the candidate of the Democratic party for presidential 
elector at large in 1892, and for several minor honorary positions. Mr. 
Witmer was married to Miss Mary C. Stein, of Philadelphia, November 
7, 1871. They have two daughters, Mabel (Mrs. Jay E. Tone) and Helen. 



PRESS AND EXPLOITATION. 163 

public documents, together with a summary of the reports, would be of in- 
estimable value, not only at expositions, but for the general demand made 
upon the state for such a work. While the Iowa Building was equipped 
with a few of the state reports and Official Registers, these were soon ex- 
hausted. Many local publications, descriptive of the cities and towns of 
Iowa, were sent to the Iowa Building and distributed. 



Press 

The Southern Iowa Press Association, after holding a very successful 
meeting at Albia, Iowa, were taken on November 14, 1903, to St. Louis by 
the Wabash Railroad, under the direction of the president of the associa- 
tion, Mr. L. S. Robinson, of Glenwood, Iowa, and Mr. O. E. Hull, of Leon, 
and assisted in the dedication of the Iowa Building. (Further report given 
in dedication of Iowa Building.) 

The Iowa Press Association, upon invitation of the management of the 
exposition, participated in the World's Press Congress, May, 1904, making 
their headquarters at the Iowa Building, where frequent meetings of the 
association w^ere held. Officers of the association were C. M. Junkin, Fair- 
field, president, and O. E. Hull, Leon, secretary. 

A reception was given the Iowa press at the Iowa Building on May 
20th. 

The courtesies of the exposition, including admission to the grounds 
and to all of the attractions on the Pike, were given to all representatives 
of the press. Reduced rates were also given at the Inside Inn. 

The grounds were in an incomplete condition, the weather rainy and 
disagreeable, and brought about the general feeling that the exposition 
management had made a mistake in arranging for these meetings so early 
in the season. 

Iowa has, according to government census, the largest number of 
newspapers for the population of any state in the Union. 

NEWSPAPER EXHIBIT. 

Chairman Witmer, of the department of press and publicity, sent out 
a circular letter to all publications in the state, asking for ten copies each. 
These were to be bound in convenient volumes. While this idea was not 
carried out as originally intended, a collection of newspapers has been 
made and bound and will prove of inestimable value. These are deposited 
in the Historical Departments at Des Moines and Iowa City, in the State 
Librarj^ Iowa State College at Ames, and the State Normal School at Ce- 
dar Falls. 

The Commission feels under many obligations to the publishers who 
so kindly sent papers to the Iowa Building during the term of the exposi- 
tion. These were read by thousands of visitors at the Iowa Building and 
added much to the home feeling which always prevailed around "Iowa." 

Among the collections deposited by the press and publicity department 
of the Iowa Commission in the Historical Department at Des Moines are 
six volumes of press clippings from Iowa and St. Louis newspapers con- 



164 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



cerning the Louisiana Purchase and the exposition held at St. Louis in 
commemoration of the great historical event. 

These clippings are arranged alphabetically by towns except the first 
volume, which contains the clippings from the Des Moines and St. Louis 
papers on special topics. The interest herein shown by the Iowa news- 
papers in giving their readers the historical information and in exploiting 
the exposition is commendable. No other state did so much. Aside from 
the St. Louis papers, the Iowa papers did more than Missouri. The vol- 
umes filed are the evidence. These books contain 300 pages to each vol- 
ume, making 1,800 pages in all. There are six twenty-inch columns of long 
and short clippings to a page, making 10,800 columns, or 216,000 inches. 
Several miles of space were devoted by the Iowa newspapers to this en- 
terprise. 

The daily papers give the greatest number of pages, although a num- 
ber of weekly papers have devoted as much space to the subject as some 
of the dailies, notably the following: 



Bloomfield Republican, 10. 

Brighton News, 4. 

Bussey Press, 7. 

Estherville Vindicator-Republican, 7. 

Forest City Summit, 5. 

Grand Junction Headlight, 9. 



Guthrie Center Guthrian, 5. 
Humboldt Independent, 8. 
Marion Pilot, 7. 
Oelwein Register, 5. 
Vinton Eagle, 8. 



Among the daily papers, with the number of pages, are; 



Des Moines Register and Leader, 75. 
Dubuque Globe-Journal, 10. 
Fort Dodge Chronicle, 11. 
Fort Dodge Messenger, 13. 
Iowa City Republican, 6. 
Keokuk Constitution-Democrat, 8. 
Keokuk Gate City, 6. 
Marshalltown Times-Republican, 14. 
Mason City Globe-Gazette, 7. 
Muscatine Journal, 6. 
Oskaloosa Herald, 15. 
Ottumwa Courier, 13. 
Sioux City Journal, 8. 
Sioux City Tribune, 7. 
Times- Journal, 6. 
Waterloo Courier, 6. 
Waterloo Reporter, 5. 
Webster City Graphic-Herald, 6. 
Webster City Journal, 10. 



Boone Democrat, 5. 
Boone News, 12. 
Boone Republican, 6. 
Burlington Gazette, 17. 
Burlington Hawkeye, 12. 
Cedar Rapids Gazette, 7. 
Cedar Rapids Republican, 11. 
Centerville Citizen, 9. 
Centerville lowegian, 7. 
Clinton Herald, 7. 
Council Bluffs Nonpareil, 14. 
Creston Advertiser, 15. 
Creston American, 9. 
Davenport Democrat, 13. 
Davenport Leader, 9. 
Davenport Republican, 14. 
Dubuque Telegraph-Herald, 8. 
Davenport Times, 8. 
Des Moines Capital, 30. 
Des Moines News, 23. 

A number of newspaper men who have examined the records of their 
own papers in these volumes have mailed copies of their papers contain- 
ing articles on this subject and these have been pasted. Others can be 
added in the same way. 



HOW AN AMERICAN STATE ADVERTISES. 

From the "Graphischer Anzeiger, Berlin, March 25, 1905: 
'Tt is nothing new that during the time of big fairs and expositions 
there are a great many works published, giving voluminous statistics and 
official data, which, amid all the diversions of the babling crowd, no one 



PRESS AND EXPLOITATION. 165 

ever thinks of reading. Only some state official or counselor of the empire 
takes time to read or study these matters in detail. So, at least, it is in 
Europe. In America they are much more practical. 

"There is a booklet before us of about 120 pages, 15x20 centimeters, 
which the state of Iowa issued for the visitors of the World's Fair in St. 
Louis, Mo. 

"In a well-printed cartoon, the booklet shows itself as a beautiful cata- 
log. The contents give a general statement regarding the many institu- 
tion of the state of Iowa. 

"There are many beautiful illustrated pages presenting not only the 
picturesque scenery, but views of cities, showing in detail churches, 
schools, factories, government buildings; also many pastoral scenes; also 
horses, the fattest swine (and breeders), the best sheep and highest bred 
stock. 

"Some pages show thirty or forty different pictures, grouped and beau- 
tifully arranged, and also of definite character. Some of these views are 
small as the finger nail, but all are clear and distinct. They are, indeed, 
technical masterpieces. The whole state of Iowa can be congratulated on 
the completion of so valuable a work. 

"The book was compiled and published by The Iowa Publishing Com- 
pany, of Davenport, Iowa; M. Huebinger, president; naturally a good Ger- 
man of American and German education." 



Exploitation 

Through the courtesy of the state fair management, during the annual 
exhibition, August 24-30, 1903, the Iowa Commission, with the superintend- 
ents of the several departments, maintained headquarters in the marshal's 
office, being set apart for this purpose. A large tent was erected in the 
rear and seated for public meetings and conferences with exhibitors. The 
tent also acted as a shelter to thousands of visitors during the several 
rains. At the headquarters a large amount of literature was distributed 
concerning the exposition, and much information given. A careful selec- 
tion of the prize products were secured for exhibition at the exposition. 

Upon call of Commissioner S. M. Leach, the Iowa manufacturers met 
at these headquarters and effected a permanent organization. 

Among those who assisted in the state fair work for the exposition 
were President W. W. Morrow, Vice President C. E. Cameron, and Secre- 
tary J. C. Simpson, of the Department of Agriculture; Commissioners W. 
F. Harriman, S. M. Leach, Dr. S. Bailey, C. J. A. Ericson, Will C. Whiting, 
W. W. Witmer, L. A. Palmer, S. S. Carruthers, W. T. Shepherd, Secretary 
F. R. Conaway, Superintendents F. J. Sessions, A. C. Hutchins, Silas Wil- 
son, George S. Forest, E. H. White, L. G. Clute. They were assisted by 
Mr. F. D. Coburn, chief of the exposition live stock department; Prof. C. 
F. Curtis, Prof. P. G. Holden, of the Iowa State College of Agriculture, 
Ames, and many others. 

One day was set apart by the Iowa State Fair management as Louis- 
iana Purchase Exposition Day. Dr. A. B. Storms' address will be found 
in the department of Ceremonies. 



166 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

OTHER MEETINGS. 

In nearly every farmers' institute during 1903 and 1904, the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition was taken up and considered; also in the women's 
clubs, literary and study societies of the state, and other like organiza- 
tions. A great demand was made upon the secretary's office for literature 
and information. Believing the furnishing of such literature to be a part 
of the educational work of the Commission, the requests were always com- 
plied with. In addition to this, literature was furnished the Commission 
by the exposition management, and this was sent to all free public libraries 
and to the county superintendents for distribution among schools where 
special preparations were being made for observance of such occasions 
as Louisiana Purchase Flag Day. The leaflets provided by the Department 
of Public Instruction were very helpful. 

In an address delivered in Congress on the Louisiana Purchase, Major 
John F. Lacey presented some historical, geological and patriotic phase's 
not previously brought out. This address was used in very large numbers 
by the exposition. Through the courtesy of Major Lacey, several thou- 
sand copies were provided for the Iowa Commission and sent out in an- 
swer to the many inquiries asking for information on these points. The 
fact that very little is given in the school histories concerning this trans- 
action made a very great demand for such publications. 

Nearly every Commissioner was called upon for addresses and infor- 
mation. Many graduates from high schools and colleges took for the sub- 
ject of their graduating oration, "The Louisiana Purchase." Among the 
Commissioners who spoke on the work of the Commission and in exploita- 
tion of the fair were the following: 

December 18, 1902, Governor Cummins and Chairman W. W. Witmer 
made addresses on Thomas Jefferson at the meeting of the Grant Club, 
Des Moines. 

January 21, 22, 1903, the brick and tile men at Ames, were addressed 
by Commissioner C. J. A. Ericson. 

January 21, 22, Improved Stock Breeders' Association, at Newton; 
Commissioner W. F. Harriman. 

February 3 to 5, State Dairy Association, Cedar Rapids, Commissioner 
Ericson. 

February 11, Farmers' Institute of Shelby County, at Harlan, Com- 
missioner W. T. Shepherd. 

May 5 to 8, Federation of Women's Clubs, Des Moines ; Commissioner 
Witmer. 

August 26, State Manufacturers' Association, Des Moines; Commis- 
sioner S. M. Leach. 

October 5 to 7, State Library Meeting, Marshalltown; Mrs. H. J. Howe, 
of auxiliary committee, and Johnson Brigham, State Librarian. 

December 9, State Agricultural Convention, Des Moines; Commission- 
er James H. Trewin. 

December 10, State Horticultural Society, Des Moines; Commissioner 
S. Bailey. 

December 30, State Teachers' Association; Commissioner Witmer. 

February 20, 1904, P. E. O. Convention, Yeoman Hall, Des Moines; 
Commissioner Witmer. 



PRESS AND EXPLOITATION. 167 

March, D. A. R. Meeting, North High School, stereopticon views by 
Secretary Conaway and address by Mrs. W. H. Baily, of Woman's Auxil- 
iary Committee. 

April, East Capital Park Schools; Mrs. Baily. 

In addition, farmers' institutes were visited as follows: 

Henry County, Commissioner L. A. Palmer. 

Ringgold County, Commissioner Bailey. 

Dallas County, Commissioner Leach. 

By Commissioner Will C. Whiting: 

January 15, 1903, Ames, before the Corn Growers' Association. 

February 5, Ida Grove Farmers' Institute. 

February 6, Sac City Farmers' Institute. 

February, Missouri Valley Farmers' Institute. 

February 13, Primghar Farmers' Institute. 

March 10, Whiting, Corn Convention. 

January 12, 1904, Ames, Corn Growers' Association. 

On Sunday, July 5, 1903, Dr. A. B. Storms, at that time pastor of the 
First M. E. Church, Des MoineS; delivered an historical sermon on the 
Louisiana Purchase, or "God's Hand in American History." 

In exploiting the work of the Iowa Commission and of the exposition, 
the secretarj^ upon invitation, visited many meetings and conventions, 
and addressed these gatherings, among which were the following: 

January 13, 14, 1903, Farmers' Institute, Adel, "Agriculture and the 
Fair." 

January 15, Corn Growers' Association, Ames, with Commissioner 
Whiting. 

January 21, 22, Brick and Tile Men, Ames, "Clay Industries and Ex- 
periments," with Labor Commisioner Brigham. 

February 5, Upper Des Moines Editorial Association, "Press and the 
Fair." 

February 20, Northeast Iowa Editorial Association, "Newspapers Only 
Means of Exploitation." 

March 5, 6, Farmers' Institute, Fairfield, "Agriculture at Expositions." 

May 19, Polk County Republican Club, Des Moines, "Republicanism 
at St. Louis Exposition." 

May, State Federation of Labor, Davenport, "Co-operation of Labor 
and Capital at Exposition." 

July 3, Midland Chautauqua, Des Moines, "History of the Louisiana 
Purchase." 

August 26, State Manufacturers Association, Des Moines, "Iowa Man- 
ufacturers' Opportunity," with stereopticon. 

October 6, Dubuque Commercial Club, "Dubuque Industries," with Su- 
perintendent Hutchins. 

October 14, Municipal League, Waterloo, "Municipal Improvement and 
the Model Street;" also the banquet in Dry Run Sewer, toast, "Sewerage 
as a Study at the Fair." 

December 7, State Agricultural Convention, "Work of Iowa Commis- 
sion." 

December 10, State Horticultural Society, "Pomology and the Fair." 

December 18, West Des Moines High School, "The Centennial Anni- 



168 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

versary of the Louisiana Purchase," with stereopticon, with Superintend- 
ents Riddell, Sheakley and Morrison Garst. 

December 30, State Teachers' Association, "Educational Exhibit," with 
Superintendent P. J. Sessions. 

January 12, 1904, State Farmers' Short Course, Ames, "Agriculture, 
and Its Importance at the Exposition," with Commissioner Whiting. 

January, Mine Operators and Miners. 

January 28, State Manufacturers' Association, Des Moines, "Reciproc- 
ity in Pair Exhibits." 

February 2, Joint Meeting General Assembly, House Chamber, stere- 
opticon views. 

February 11, State Grocers' Association, Des Moines, "Grocers and 
the Fair." 

February 20, P. E. O. Convention, Yeoman Hall, Des Moines, with Com- 
missioner Witmer. 

March 29, Cedar Rapids Commercial Club, Auditorium, Cedar Rapids, 
stereopticon views, with descriptive lecture, assisted by Superintendent P. 
J. Sessions. 

Stereopticon views were shown at both the North and West Des 
Moines High Schools for the benefit of teachers and pupils. 



BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 

By resolution adopted by the House of the Thirtieth General Assembly 
(House Journal, page 123), the Senate and state officers were invited to 
participate in a joint ceremonial in the House Chamber, February 2, 1904, 
at 8:00 o'clock. 

The report of the special committee on program (H. J., p. 131) pro- 
vided for the manner of the seating and the conduct of the session. 

Speaker pro tem., Hon, B, P. Cummings, of Marshall, presided. The 
House members and friends occupied seats on the east side of the hall, 
the Senators and friends on the west side, the Governor, Lieutenant Gov- 
ernor, Speaker, state officers and friends, the parquet. 

After formally receiving the Senate and the Governor's party, the 
former being conducted by the sergeant-at-arms, and the latter by the Ad- 
jutant General, Chairman Cummings expressed the deep interest every 
patriotic citizen felt in the centennial anniversary of the Louisiana Pur- 
chase. It was a pleasure to know that Iowa was to occupy a prominent 
place at the exposition to be held this year in commemoration of the event. 
In providing this entertainment to acknowledge to the Senate the appre- 
ciation of the House for the sacrifice made by that body in furnishing the 
Senate Chamber for use until the hall of the House could be repaired af- 
ter the late distressing conflagration, the committee felt that a ceremonial 
commemorating the Louisiana Purchase would be appropriate and fitting. 

Hon. M. L. Temple, the nestor of the House and a lifelong student of 
the statesman of Monticello, spoke of Thomas Jefferson and the Louisiana 
Purchase. The address was complete in its historical references. The 
policies of Jefferson in not only the Louisiana Purchase, but in everything 



PRESS AND EXPLOITATION. 



169 



else which he did, showed a great far-sightedness. We are just now com- 
ing to realize fully this strong characteristic. 

Senator L. W. Lewis, chairman of the special joint committee ap- 
pointed to visit St. Louis and report on the work accomplished for Iowa, 
responded to "The Exposition and the Work of the Iowa Commission." 
Senator Lewis said he and his fellow committeemen had been surprised 
at the magnitude of the exposition. It was much greater than any had 
expected, and the members were all pleased with the work accomplished 
by the Iowa Commission, and with the prominence already taken. He 
wished to assure the members of the General Assembly that the Iowa 
Building was a credit to the state and that it had been wisely constructed. 
He told of some of the great things done in the buildings, cascades and 
grounds of the exposition, and expressed pleasure at the thought that the 
greatest exposition of all the ages was to be held west of the Mississippi. 

Representative Will C. Whiting gave a brief sketch of the Sergeant 
Charles Floyd monument, eretced near Sioux City by the government, 
state and citizens, in memory of the first white man to die on Iowa soil. 
He said that as Sergeant Charles Floyd was a member of the Lewis and 
Clark expedition, it was hoped the monument could have been reproduced 
at the exposition, but this was found impracticable on account of lack of 
funds. "If we had the funds," said Mr. Whiting, "the exposition did not 
encourage its reproduction, because it would be out of harmony with the 
archiecture of the exposition." 

The secretary of the Iowa Commission, F. R. Conaway, presented 250 
stereopticon pictures of the exposition, showing the buildings, grounds, 
statuary, historic scenes and portraits in connection with the Louisiana 
Purchase. 

The music for the occasion consisted of patriotic and religious selec- 
tions, sung by the joint assembly, led by Col. D. J. Palmer, State Railroad 
Commissioner. 




U. S. GOVERNMENT BUILDING. 




m 

w 

o 



LIVE STOCK DEPARTMENT. 



171 



Live Stock Department 



To Hon. William Larrabee, President Louisiana Purchase Exposition 

Commission of Iowa, 

Dear Sir — As chairman of the live stock department, I transmit to you 

the detailed report of Mr. E. H. White, superintendent of the Iowa exhibits 

of live stock. 

I feel confident that you will find 

the report complete and impartial. 1 
wish to congratulate the Commis- 
sion, the state and the exhibitors up- 
on the grand showing and success of 
the Iowa live stock exhibition. It 
was, for a time, a matter of some 
concern to us as to the best method 
to adopt in aiding exhibitors in this 
department; but, after duly consider- 
ing, we decided upon the method of 
duplicating the prizes paid to Iowa 
exhibitors by the exposition, and, if 
unable to pay such prizes in full, 
then, in that case, the money at the 
disposal of the department should be 
paid pro rata. 

We are of the opinion that the 
plan pursued was fully as satisfac- 
tory to a majority of the exhibitors as any other method which we might 
have adopted. 

The chairman of this department, with the approval of the Commis- 
sion, selected Mr. E. H. White for superintendent of exhibits, on account 
of his peculiar fitness for the position, without solicitation from him or 
any other person, and I wish to state that he performed the duties of su- 
perintendent ably, faithfully and impartially, for which I extend to him 
my gratitude and earnest thanks. 

I also desire to express my appreciation and thanks to the secretary 
of the Commission, Mr. F. R. Conaway, for the valuable assistance ren- 
dered this department. 

Respectfully submitted, 

W. F. HARRIMAN, 

Commissioner in Charge of Live Stock. 




COMR. W. F, HARRIMAN, Hampton. 



W. F. HARRIMAN. 

Comissioner W. F. Harriman, Hampton, lawyer and agriculturist; 
born August 16, 1841, at Warren, New Hampshire; educated at the New 
London Literary and Scientific Institution of his native state. In 1860 he 
moved with his parents to Rockford, Iowa. He taught school several years, 
read law, and was admitted to the practice in 1869 at Charles City. The 



172 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

same year he opened a law office at Cherokee and later added real estate 
to his occupation. He bought several pieces of land and planted the first 
artificial grove of trees in Cherokee County. Was elected superintendent 
of the schools of the county. In 1876 he moved to Hampton and practiced 
law till 1888, when, on account of failing health, he took up the work of 
farming, which he has followed since, giving much time and thought to 
stock raising. While at Rockford he served on the school board and at 
Hampton he has served as member of the school board, member of the city 
council and as mayor and county attorney. Senator Harriman was elected 
to the House of the Twenty-fourth General Assembly and re-elected to the 
Twenty-fifth. He was elected to the Senate in 1895 and re-elected in 1899. 
Was a member of the board of directors of the Department of Agriculture, 
later being elected vice president and then president. He was a strong 
supporter of the interests of agriculture while in the legislature, and was 
instrumental in securing the appropriation for the building of the live 
stock pavilion and the securing of other improvements to put the institu- 
tion on a sound foundation. He was elected vice president of the Iowa 
Commission, and was selected as the Commissioner in charge of live 
stock exhibits, and early organized for a successful showing of Iowa's 
principal products. Also served on the auditing committee. Senator Har- 
riman was married December 29, 1864, to Miss Ellen B. Mitchell. They 
have two sons living, Wilber E. and Charles B. 



Report of the Superintendent 

To Hon. W. F. Harriman. Chairman Live Stock Department, Iowa Com- 
mission, Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 

Dear Sir — As superintendent in charge of the Iowa exhibit of live 
stock, I beg to submit the following report: 

The live stock exhibit opened August 
22 and closed November 12; Division A, the 
exhibit of horses, opened August 22 and 
closed September 3; division B, the exhibit 
of cattle, opened September 12 and closed 
September 24; division C, the exhibit of 
sheep, and division D, the exhibit of swine, 
opened October 3 and closed October 15; 
division E, the exhibit of poultry, pigeons 
and pet stock, opened October 24 and closed 
November 5 ; division F, the exhibit of dogs 
and cats, opened October 25 and closed Oc- 
tober 28; division G, the exhibit of southern 
breeding cattle, opened November 7 and 
closed November 12; division H, the exhibit 
E H WHITE Estherviiie, °^ carload lots of cattlc, opened November 7 
Superintendent ivive stock Exhibit, and closed November 12. The entries were 

advertised to close about thirty days pre- 
ceding the time of exhibit, but were extended in some cases to a later date. 
Three weeks before the horse exhibit opened there was abundant ground 
for speculation as to whether the live stock show would materialize or be 
abandoned. A widespread doubt prevailed among informed breeders, and 
the opinion was almost universal that the event would not occur. But 




LIVE STOCK DEPARTMENT. 173 

when the day for opening arrived a great number of the best horses ol: 
the world were ready for exhibition. The exposition management was too 
late in its final decision to carry out the exhibit to have the buildings com- 
pleted till several days after the opening. This fact had a discouraging 
influence on the horse exhibitors, and also on the owners of stock intended 
for exhibition later. The opinion was current among the exhibitors that 
no premium money would be paid by the exposition. The exposition man- 
agement issued a prize list authorizing cash premiums as follows: 

Special. Total. 

Horses $ 94,300.00 $ 21,490.00 $115,790.00 

Cattle 65,520.00 39,586.25 105,106.25 

Sheep 44,390.00 5,720.00 50,110.00 

Swine 30,311.00 16,995.00 47,306.00 

Poultry, etc 15,582.00 6,499.00 22,081.00 

Dogs and cats 10,204.00 5,085.00 15,289.00 

Southern breeding cattle 10,000.00 3,570.00 13,570.00 

Carload lots cattle 10,000.00 2,150.00 12,150.00 



Totals $280,307.00 $101,095.25 $381,402.25 

State and special prizes not included in above 57,300.00 



Grand total $439,702.25 

A catalog of the entries was issued, showing that the various divisions 
were well filled, there being nine thousand seven hundred and five (9,705) 
animals entered in the horse, cattle, sheep and swine departments, not in- 
cluding southern cattle nor cattle in car lots. The barns were completed 
during the horse show and were large and satisfactory. An amphitheater 
was built surrounding a large show ring, affording comfortable seats for 
all those who wished to witness the placing of ribbons. There was no 
charge for stalls. Forage, grain and bedding was sold on the ground at 
prices considerably above the St. Louis market price. A terminal charge 
of from $20 to $40 per car for bringing in the car and unloading, and the 
same amount for taking the car out, together with a per diem for the stor- 
age of car was charged by the exposition. Many Iowa exhibitors paid more 
money to get their stock from St. Louis into the barns on the fair grounds 
than they paid freight from home to St. Louis. Stock was exhibited from 
every live stock state in the Union, and many of the prize winners from 
foreign lands were here placed in competition with American bred stock. 
The exhibit of dogs and cats was small. The exhibit of poultry and pig- 
eons was very large, some birds of fabulous values beng on exhibition. 
Southern breeding cattle and cattle in car lots were shown last and quite 
successfully. Iowa stock made a very creditable showing and competed 
in the following division, with the number entered in each class as indi- 
cated : 

Horses. — German Coach. — A. B. Holbert, Greeley, 15 head; Holbert & 
Baker, Greeley, 1 head; W. A. Lang & Co., Greeley, 3 head. 

Percheron. — A. B. Holbert, Greeley, 1 head; E. F. Kleinmeyer, Wilton 
Junction, 16 head; Adam Stamm. Letts, 1 head. 

Belgian Draft. — Henry Lefebure, Fairfax, 17 head; A. B. Holbert, 
Greeley, 6 head; W. A. Lang & Co., Greeley, 3 head; C. A. L. Loomis, Ches- 
ter, 10 head. 



174 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Cattle. — Shorthorns. — Geo. H. Burge, Mt. Vernon, 4 head; Forest Bros. 
& Dunham, Miles, 8 head; H. D. Parson, Newton, 1 head; R. G. Robb & 
Son, Morning Sun, 1 head. 

Hereford. — C. L. Bullard, Creston, 1 head; Fritz & Shea, Blakesburg, 
3 head. 

Aberdeen Angus. — A. C. Binnie, Alta, 6 head; E. T. Davis, Iowa City, 
11 head; C. J. Martin, Churdan, 12 head; W. A. McHenry, Denison, 12 
head; W. B. Seeley, Mt. Pleasant, 10 head; W. J. Miller, Metz, 12 head. 

Galloway. — E. H. White, Estherville, 13 head; J. E. Bales & Son, Stock- 
port, 16 head, 

Holstein. — McKay Brothers, Buckingham, 9 head. 

Swine. — Poland China. — B. Alphonso, 
Harper, 4 head; Peter Mouw, Orange City, 
12 head; J. R. Hoover, Oskaloosa, 1 head; 
Thos. Stephenson, Chariton, G head; C. E. 
Blunt & Co., Rock Rapids, 11 head; H. H. 
Boomgarden, Rock Rapids, 2 head; S. A. 
Clark, Winfleld, 9 head; H. Driffield, Keo- 
kuk, 1 head; Harvey Johnson, Logan, 14 
head; B. S. Gossick, Fairfield, 2 head; Hol- 
land & Cook, New London, 6 head; E. M. 
Metzger, Fairfield, 6 head; A. J. Pondendorf, 
Logan, 1 head; J. H. Saville & Son, Mt, Ayr, 
2 head; A. J. Lytle, Oskaloosa, 9 head, 

Berkshire. — Wm. D. McTavish, Coggon, 
8 head; Thos. Teal & Son, Utica, 3 head; 
E. D. King, Burlington, 1 head. 

Duroc-Jersey. — Johnson Bros, & New- 
kirk, Brooklyn, 21 head; John Henderson, 
Panora, 12 head; H. C. Sheldon, Shannon City, 12 head; H. S. Allen, Rus- 
sel, 14 head; J. W. Greenfield & Son, New London, 3 head, 

Chester White.— W. A, 
Hoover, Oskaloosa, 27 
head; E. J. Brouhard, Colo, 
7 head; Allen Brothers, 
Russel, 4 head; F. D, Hum- 
bert, Nashua, 14 head. 

PREMIUMS AWARDED 
TO IOWA. 

The following tables 
show names of exhibitors, 
kind of stock exhibited, 
breed, number of animals 
entered in each class, the 
name of the Iowa animals 
competing, the herd book 
number, the age of animals, 
the amount of the prize ''^'''^'"°''J'™^^^f,^l'''VT- 

Bred, Owned and Exhibited by Wm, A. Hoover, 

won on each animal, the Oskaloosa. 

total amount won by each exhibitor from the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion, and te amount paid each exhibitor by the Iowa Commission: 




GEORGE S. PRIME, Oskaloosa, 

Superintendent Swine Exhibits 
for the Exposition Co 




LIVE STOCK DEPARTMENT. 175 

Horses. — German Coach. — Class 4. 

Exhibitor. — A. B. Holbert, Greely. 
No. 
Ent. Animal and Age. Prize. Amounr. 

27 *Numa 2014, 4 years 5 $ 25.00 

21 Pappenheim 2062, 3 years 5 25.00 

19 Kittmeister 2085, 2 years 2 50.00 

19 Rival 2084, 2 years 4 30.00 

12 Rektor 2087, 1 year 4 25.00 

12 Waldemar 2507, 1 year 5 20.00 

7 Pilot 2509, foal 4 25.00 

13 Finnie 57C7, 3 years 5 25.00 

12 Adolphine 3G2, 2 years 4 30.00 

12 Lorena 3G4, 1 year 6 H. C. 

12 Olive 3G0, 1 year 7 Com. 

G Regina 358, foal 2 40.00 

5 Get of Sire Consul G24 3 40.00 

9 Produce of Dam Lael 134 2 40.00 

Produce of Dam Gertrude 184 5 H. C. 

Stallion and four mares 3 40.00 



Total $ 415.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 3G5.20 

*Owned by W. A. Lang & Co., Greeley. 

Horses. — Percheron. — Class 10. 

Exhibitor. — E. F. Kleinmeyer, Wilton Junction. 

2 Queen's Paul 41275, foal 2 $ 50.00 

8 Fedy C 11952, 4 years 4 40.00 

8 Pride of P. H. II 28235, 4 years 5 30.00 

3 Paul's Model 29378, 3 years 2 75.00 

5 Quality Queen 29393, 2 years 4 40.00 

4 Stylish Pride 405G5, 1 year 4 30.00 

2 Best Quality 405G1, foal 1 75.00 

5 Get of Sire, Colored Gentleman 4531 4 45.00 

5 Get of Sire, Paul 19422 5 30.00 

7 Produce of Dam, Feddy C 11952 5 40.00 

7 Produce of Dam, Marie i5G2 G H. C. 

1 Stallion and four mares, aged 1 150.00 

2 Stallion and four mares, young 2 100.00 

1 Stallion and four mares, bred by exhibitor 1 300.00 

Total $1,005.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 884.40 

Exhibitor. — Adam Stamm, Letts. 

5 Gladys 31582, 2 years 2 $ 75.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission GG. 00 

Horses. — Belgian Draft. — Class 14. 

Exhibitor. — Henry Lefebure, Fairfax. 

10 Iowa Champion, 2 years 5 $ 25.00 

4 Brilliant II 1373, 1 year 1 50.00 

4 Brilliant III 1374, 1 year 2 40.00 

2 Iowa Champion 1597, foal 1 50.00 

2 Brilliant IV 1598, foal 2 40.00 

12 Frisette 120, 4 years 1 75.00 

12 Radiuse II 145, 4 years 2 50.00 

5 Polette 189, 3 years 1 75.00 

5 Mignonette 215, 3 years 2 50.00 



176 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

No. 

Ent. Animal and Age. ' Prize. Amount. 

4 Fanette 187, 2 years 1 75.00- 

4 Fillyette 190, 2 years 2 50.00> 

5 Panzette 216, 1 year 1 50.00^ 

5 Mynette 188, 1 year 2 40.00' 

4 Maryette 218, foal 1 50.00' 

4 Lizette 217, foal 2 40.00^ 

4 Get of Sire, Cyclone II 1375 2 50.00 

4 Get of Sire, Brilliant III 1374 3 40.00 

6 Produce of Dam, Radinse II 145 2 40.00 

6 Produce of Dam, Pansyette 217 3 35.00 

2 Stallion and four mares, aged 1 75.00 

2 Stallion and four mares, young 1 75.00 

2 Stallion and four mares, bred by exhibitor 1 200.00 

Champion mare over 3 years, Frisette 120 100.00 

Champion mare under 3 years, Farrette 187 1 50.00 

Grand champion mare, any age, Frisette 120 1 150.00 

Total $1,575.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 1,386.00 

Exhibitor. — A. B. Hoibert, Greeley. 

26 Sidi 1428, 3 years 5 $ 25.00 

26 *Dragon de Bottey 25374, 3 years 3 40.00 

5 Cozette 208, 3 years 3 40.00 

5 Clarinette 207, 1 year 3 30.00 

6 Produce of Dam, Jeanette 64 4 25.00 

Total $ 160.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 140.80' 

*Owned by W. A. Lang & Co., Greeley. 

Cattle. — Angus. 

Exhibitor. — C. J. Martin, Churdan. 

19 Bull Juba of Morlick 62233, 3 years 4 $ 40.00 

8 Bull Prince Ito II 54471, 2 and under 3 years 1 75.00 

Champion Bull, Senior, Prince Ito II 1 100. OO 

Grand Champion Bull, Prince Ito II 1 200.00' 

27 Cow Blackbird 24th 44752, 3 years or over 1 75.00 

27 'Cow Blackbird 26th 54457, 2 and under 3 years 1 75.00 

27 Cow Black Cap II 64114, 18 and under 24 months 3 50.00 

21 Cow Cora Coquette 62590, 12 and under 18 months 4 25.00 

Champion Cow, Senior, Blackbird 26th 1 100.00 

Champion Cow, Reserve, Blackbird 24th 2 

Grand Champion Cow, Blackbird 26th 1 200.00 

18 Exhibitors' herd 1 125.00 

23 Get of Sire, Black Monarch of Emerson 1 75.00 

25 Produce of Dam, Blackbird 12 3 55.00 

Steer, 6 and under 12 months 1 40.00 

Total $1,235.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 1,086.80 

Exhibitor. — W. A. McHenry, Denison. 

19 Bull Western Star 46345, 3 years 1 $ 75.00 

8 Bull Censor 52882, 2 and under 3 years 2 60.00 

23 Bull Choice Goods 71671, 6 and under 12 months . . 1 50.00 

Champion Bull, Reserve, Western Star 46435 2 

27 Cow Blackbird McHenry 13th 23942, 3 years or over.. 3 50.00 

27 Cow Erica McHenry III 52880, 2 and under 3 years 3 50.00- 



LIVE STOCK DEPARTMENT. 177 

No. 

Ent. Animal and Age. Prize. Amount. 

27 Cow Blackbird McHenry 45th 54144, 2 and under 3 yrs. 6 H. C. 

27 Cow Coquette McHenry G1880 18 and under 24 mo 2 60.00 

21 Cow Queen McHenry 47th G18S4, 12 and under 18 mo.. . 5 20.00 

18 Exhibitors' herd 3 80.00 

18 Young herd 4 45.00 

8 Aged herd, female, bred by exhibitor 1 200.00 

23 Get of Sire, Laird of Estell 2 65.00 

25 Produce of Dam, Coquette McHenry 1 75.00 

Total $ 830.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 730.40 

Exhibitor. — E. T. Davis, Iowa City. 

19 Bull Woodlawn Blackbird Lad 35103, 3 years 6 H. C. 

21 Bull Lebus 63330, 12 and under 18 months 2 $ 40.00 

27 Cow Blackbird of Denison 31st 38949, 3 years or over. . 2 60.00 

27 Cow Blackbird Favorite II 58234, 2 and under 3 years. . 2 60.00 

27 Cow Glenfoil Rose 63840, 18 and under 24 months 1 75.00 

27 Cow Fay Bloom 56500, 18 and under 24 months 5 30.00 

21 Cow Inveness Fern 63334, 12 and under 18 months 6 H. C. 

34 Cow Briquette 72306, 6 and under 12 months 2 40.00 

18 Cow Marguerite D 72307, under 6 months 2 40.00 

Champion Cow, Junior, Glenfoil Rose 63480 1 75.00 

Grand Champion Reserve 2 

18 Aged herd 1 

Young herd 1 75.00 

19 Young herd female, bred by exhibitor 1 200.00 

23 Get of Sire, Western Star 46435 5 40.00 

25 Produce of Dam, Dandy of Langshold 60275 5 40.00 

Total , $ 875.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 770.00 

Exhibitor. — Wm. Miller, Metz. 

8 Bull Sir Novice 49775, 2 and under 3 years 5 $ 30.00 

27 Cow Snowflake II of Kirkbridge 64016, 2 and under 3 yr. 5 30.00 

18 Cow Home Dale Blackbird III 72798, under 6 months. . 7 Com. 

Grade Steer by recorded sire, 2 and under 3 years 1 40.00 

Grade Steer by recorded sire, 18 and under 24 months. 1 40.00 

Grade Steer by recorded sire, 6 and under 12 months. . 1 40.00 

Champion Steer 100.00 

Total $ 280.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 246.40 

Exhibitor. — A. C. Binnie, Alta. 

19 Bull Mayor of Alta II 38552, 3 years or over 5 $ 30.00 

23 Bull Post Script Vol. 14, 6 and under 12 months 6 Com. 

34 Cow Eileen Lass, Vol. 14, 6 and under 12 months 1 50.00 

]8 Cow Mina of Alta V, Vol. 14, under 6 months 3 30.00 

23 Get of Sire, Heather Lad of Emerson II 19049 4 45.00 

25 Produce of Dam, Lakeside Mina 22567 4 45.00 

Total $ 200.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 176.00 

Exhibitor. — W. B. Seeley, Mt. Pleasant. 

12 Bull Blackbird Ito 64116, 18 and under 24 months 1 $ 75.00 

23 Bull Crown Me 71774, under 6 months 7 Com. 

Bull Reserve Junior Champion Blackbird Ito 64116. ... 2 



178 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

No. 

Ent. Animal and Age. Prize. Amount. 

27 Cow Alva of La Crew II 52018, 2 and under 3 years 7 Com. 

34 Cow Rose of Sharon 22d 65879, 6 and under 12 months 6 H. C. 

18 Young herd 5 40.00 

Pure bred steer, 2 and under 3 years 3 25.00 

Pure bred steer, under 6 months 2 30.00 

Grade steer, 2 and under 3 years 2 30.00 

Steer, 12 and under 18 months 1 40.00 

Steer, 6 and under 12 months 2 30.00 

Total $ 270.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 237.60 

Cattle. — Galloway. 

Exhibitor. — E. H. White, Estherville. 

8 Bull Muscosus III 15914, 3 years or over 6 Com, 

6 Bull Buedo of White Farm 20952, 2 and under 3 years. . 5 $ 30.00 

2 Bull Banker of White Farm 24374, 18 and under 24 mo. 2 60.00 

5 Bull Gilt Edge 24871, under 6 months 1 50.00 

18 Cow Gentle Annie A 15417, 3 years or over 7 Com. 

11 Cow Annette of White Farm 24372, 12 and under 18 mo. 2 40.00 

11 Cow Lady Garland 24870, 6 and under 12 months 1 50.00 

13 Cow Countess Nannie II 24869, under 6 months 5 20.00 

10 Herd, aged 4 65.00 

8 Herd, young 5 40.00 

10 Get of Sire, Muscosus III 14914 5 40.00 

11 Produce of Dam, Duchess Edith 11554 2 65.00 

11 Produce of Dam, Sadie Sioux 11339 6 H. C. 

Total $ 460.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 404.80 

Exhibitors. — J. E. Bales & Son, Stockport. 

8 Bull MacDougall IV of Tarbreoch 19300, 3 years or over 5 $ 30.00 

10 Bull Judies Pride 23199 12 and under 18 months 7 Com. 

5 Bull Canty Lad 24714, under 6 months 5 20.00 

18 Cow Graceful III of Garliestown 19297, 3 years or over. 3 50.00 

18 Cow Doreothea 18673, 3 years or over 4 40.00 

14 Cow Mandie Wedholme 20633, 2 and under 3 years. . .6 H. C. 

11 Cow Semiramis Wilson 23197, 18 and under 24 months 3 50.00 

11 Cow Graceful A 23088, 12 and under 18 months 6 H. C. 

11 Cow Fedora 24706, 6 and under 12 months 5 20.00 

13 Cow Flower Girl II 24705, under 6 months 6 H. C. 

10 Herd, aged 6 H. C. 

8 Herd, young : 6 H. O. 

Total $ 210.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 184.80 

Cattle. — Short Horn. 

Exhibitors. — Forest Bros. & Dunham, Miles. 

26 Bull Blocky Victor 223596, 12 and under 18 months... 4 $ 25.00 

26 Bull Fenimore Glenhaven 223857, 12 and under 18 mo. 7 Com. 

14 Bull Roan Inglewood 223598, under 6 months 2 40.00 

24 Cow Fenimore Louise Vol. 60, 12 and under 18 months 7 Com. 

54 Cow Red Lady Vol. 60, 6 and under 12 months 6 H. C. 

Total $ 65.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 57.20 



LIVE STOCK DEPARTMENT. 179 

Exhibitor. — Wm, Smiley, Malcom. 

No. 

Ent. Animal and Age. Prize. Amount. 

Steer, pure bred, 2 and under 3 years 3 $ 25.00 

Steer, pure bred, 18 and under 24 months 3 25.00 

Steer, pure bred, 6 and under 12 months 2 30.00 

Steer from recorded sire, 6 and under 12 months 1 40.00 

Total $ 120.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 105.60 

Exhibitors. — R. G. Robb & Son, Morning Sun. 

14 Bull Graceful Archer 224034, under 6 months 4 $ 25.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 22.00 

Cattle. — Holstein-Fresian. 

Exhibitors. — McKay Bros., Buckingham. 

12 Bull Pube De Kol Burke 25368, 3 years or over 5 $ 30.00 

8 Bull Major Gudultje 31870, 2 and under 3 years 2 60.00 

15 Bull Prince Clothilde Madrigal 35155, under 1 year 5 20.00 

19 Cow Loda Beauty Hengerveld 69466, under 1 year 3 30.00 

9 Young herd 4 45.00 

11 Get of Sire, Butler Boy Hengeveld De Kol 24937 3 55.00 

11 Produce of Dam, Gudultje 31483 5 40.00 

Total $ 280.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 246.40 

Cattle. — Hereford. 

Exhibitors. — Fritz & Shea, Blakesburg. 

Cow Dorinda 135872, 3 years 5 $ 30.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 26.40 

Cattle. — Carload Lots. 

Exhibitor. — Charles Escher, Sr., Botna. 

1 Carload Cattle, 2 and under 3 years 1 $ 125.00 

1 Carload Cattle, 1 and under 2 years 1 125.00 

1 Carload Cattle, 1 and under 2 years 2 75.00 

Total $ 325.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 286.00 

Swine. — Poland-China. 

Exhibitor. — B. S. Gossick, Fairfield. 

39 Boar G's Perfection II 87777, 12 and under 18 months. . 2 $ 50.00 

47 Sow Lady Lucile 221260, 6 and under 12 months 1 40.00 

Sow Champion Lady Lucile 221260, under 1 year...., 75.00 

Sow Grand Champion Lady Lucile 221260 150.00 

Total $ 315.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 277.20- 

Exhibitors. — Holland & Cook, New London. 

39 Boar Perfect Tec II 88099, 12 and under 18 months 5 $ 25.00' 

35 Boar, 6 and under 12 months 4 25.00 

Total $ 50.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 44.00 



180 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION.' 

Exhibitors. — C. E. Blunt & Co., Rock Rapids. 
No. 
Ent. Animal and Age. Prize. Amount. 

20 Boar Blunt's Perfection 67823, 2 years and over 3 $ 40.00 

Barrow, under 6 months 2 15.00 

Total $ 55.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 48.40 

Exhibitor. — Thos. Stephenson, Chariton. 

54 Boar Iowa Chief 87745, under 6 months 3 $ 30.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 26.40 

Exhibitor. — A. J. Lytle, Oskaloosa. 

41 Sow Pride Sunshine 222274, 12 and under 18 months. . . 5 $ 25.00 

Barrow, 1 and under 2 years 4 

Barrow, 6 and under 12 months 3 15.00 

Barrow, under 6 months 1 20.00 

Total $ 60.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 52.80 

Swine. — Chester White. 

Exhibitor. — E. J. Brouhard, Colo. 

24 Boar Captain 14199, 12 and under 18 months 1 $ 60.00 

45 Boar Teddy 14121, under 6 months 5 20.00 

43 Sow Baby Bell 32026, under 6 months 1 40.00 

43 Sow Leonas Pet 32032, under 6 months 4 25.00 

Total $ 145.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 127.60 

Exhibitor. — F. D. Humbert, Nashua. 

30 Boar Jerry 14197, 2 years and over 4 $ 30.00 

30 Boar Combination 13057, 2 years and over 5 25.00 

24 Boar Combination II, 12 and under 18^ months 5 25.00 

29 Boar Sol 14195, 6 and under 12 months 4 25.00 

29 Boar Nashua Boy 14211, 6 and under 12 months 7 Com. 

31 Sow Cora 29800, 2 years and over 1 60.00 

31 Sow Columbia 29802, 2 years and over 5 25.00 

20 Sow Idelia 32176, 18 and under 24 months 4 30.00 

30 Sow Judy I, 12 and under IS months 4 30.00 

37 Sow Sue III, 6 and under 12 months 3 30.00 

43 Get of Sire, Alta H. 11631 4 40.00 

39 Produce of Dam, Judy 26386 2 45.00 

Boar and three sows, over 1 year 3 50.00 

Boar and three sows, under 1 year 7 Com. 



Total $ 415.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 365.20 

Exhibitor. — W. A. Hoover, Oskaloosa. 

30 Boar College Teddy 12805, 2 years and over 3 $ 40.00 

24 Boar Billy A 14147, 12 and under 18 months 3 40.00 

31 Sow Grace W. 28848, 2 years or over 2 50.00 

31 Sow Iowa Girl III 26832, 2 years or over 4 30.00 

20 Sow Iowa 32092, 18 and under 24 months 3 40.00 

30 Sow Hawkeye Girl 32100, 12 and under 18 months .... 1 60.00 

37 Sow II 32094, 6 and under 12 months 2 35.00 

43 Get of Sire, Teddy R 11305 2 60.00 

43 Get of Sire, Oskaloosa King 11839 5 30.00 



LIVE STOCK DEPARTMENT. 181 

No. 

Ent. Animal and Age. Prize. Amount. 

39 Produce of Dam, Blanche 19149 3 35.00 

39 Produce of Dam, Iowa 32092 7 

Boar and three sows, over 1 year 2 75.00 

Boar and three sows, over 1 year 5 30.00 

Boar and three sows, over 1 year 2 60.00 

Boar and three sows, bred by exhibitor, 1 year or over. 2 

Barrow, 1 and under 2 years 4 

Barrow, 1 and under 2 years 5 

Pen three barrows, 1 and under 2 years 2 50.00 

Pen three barrows, 1 and under 2 years 3 40.00 

Senior Champion Sow, Hawkeye Girl 32100 1 100.00 

Grand Champion Reserve Sow, Hawkeye Girl 32100. . . 2 



Total $ 775.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 682.00 

Swine. — Du roc-Jersey. 

Exhibitors. — Johnson Bros. & Newkirk, Brooklyn. 

19 Boar Gay Advance 28775, 18 and under 24 months 6 H. C. 

31 Sow Brooklyn Mabel 33818, 2 years and over 3 $ 40.00 

21 Sow Lady Advance 70734, 18 and under 24 months 4 30.00 

21 Sow Estella Advance 57548, 18 and under 24 months. . . 5 25.00 

37 Sow May Advance 70728, 12 and under 18 months 3 40.00 

37 Sow Oriole 71522, 12 and under 18 months 5 25.00 

64 Sow Fashion Queen 11th 71526, under 6 months 5 20.00 

36 Produce of Dam, Lucy D. II 18106 3 35.00 

26 Boar and three sows, over 1 year 4 40.00 

Barrow, 1 and under 2 years 2 25.00 

Barrow, 1 and under 2 years 3 15.00 

Pen three barrows, 1 and under 2 years 1 60.00 

Champion pen of three barrows, any age 1 100.00 

Total $ 455.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 400.40 

Exhibitor. — H. C. Sheldon, Shannon City. 

Barrow, under 6 months 1 $ 20.00 

Pen three barrows, 6 and under 12 months 3 40.00 

Barrow by recorded sire, under 6 months 1 20.00 



Total $ 80.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 70.40 

Exhibitor. — H. S. Allen, Russell. 

31 Sow Nelle A 34146, 2 years and over 5 $ 25.00 

Barrow, 6 and under 12 months 1 30.00 

Pen of three barrows, 6 and under 12 months 1 60.00 

Total $ 115.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 101.20 



182 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

POULTRY. 

The following prizes were awarded to the Iowa exhibitors: 

Exhibitor. — L. Hiles, Sioux City. 
Description. Prize. Amount 

R. C. Buff Leghorn, cockerel 2 $ 4.00 

R. C. Buff Leghorn, pullet 2 4.00 

Total $ 8.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 7.04 

Exhibitor. — W. Perkins, Ames. 

Black Langshan, pen 3 $ 4.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 3.52 

Exhibitor. — J. F. Davis, Macedonia. 

BufC Cochin, cockerel 3 $ 4.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 3.52 

Exhibitor. — N. E. Migheli, Marshalltown. 

Light Brahma, cock 1 $ 10.00 

Light Brahma, cockerel 3 4.00 

Total $ 14.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 12.32 

Exhibitor. — J. J. Elliott, Onawa. 

Buff Plymouth Rock, cockerel 2 $ 6.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 5.28 

Exhibitor. — J. W. Sueppel, Iowa City. 

Dark Brahma, cockerel 1 $ 10.00 

Dark Brahma, hen 2 6.00 

Dark Brahma, pullet 2 6.00 

Dark Brahma, pen 2 6.00 

Total $ 28.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 24.64 

Exhibitor. — N. J. Shanklan, Waubeck. 

Partridge Cochin, cockerel 1 $ 10.00 

Partridge Cochin, cockerel 3 4.00 

Partridge Cochin, hen 1 10.00 

Partridge Cochin, hen 2 6.00 

Partridge Cochin, pullet , 1 10.00 

Partridge Cochin, pullet 2 6.00 

Partridge Cochin, hen 1 10.00 

Total $ 56.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 49.28 

Exhibitor. — W. A, Shofer, Bloomfleld. 

Partridge Wyandotte, pullet 3 $ 4.00 

Paid by Iowa Commission 3.52 



LIVE STOCK DEPARTMENT. 183 

LIST OF IOWA EXHIBITORS. 

The following is a table of the Iowa exhibitors, showing the kind of 

stock exhibited and the amounts received from the Louisiana Purchase 

Exposition and Iowa Commission: 

Pd. by Pd. by 

Name and PostofRce. Stock. L. P. E. Iowa. 

Fritz & Shea, Blakesburg Cattle $ 30.00 $ 2G.40 

A. C. Binnie, Alta Cattle 200.00 176.00 

W. B. Seeley, Mt. Pleasant Cattle 270.00 237.60 

Wm. Miller, Metz Cattle 280.00 246.40 

C. J. Martin, Churdan Cattle 1,235.00 1,086.80 

E. T. Davis, Iowa City Cattle 875.00 770.00 

W. A. McHenry, Denison Cattle 830.00 730.40 

E. H. White, Estherville Cattle 460.00 404.80 

J. E. Bales & Son, Stockport Cattle 210.00 184.80 

Chas. Escher, Sr., Botna Cattle 325.00 286.00 

McKay Bros., Buckingham Cattle 280.00 246.40 

Forest Bros. «& Dunham, Miles Cattle 65.00 57.20 

Wm. Smiley, Malcom Cattle 120.00 105.60 

R. G. Robb & Son, Morning Sun Cattle 25.00 22.00 

E. J. Brouhard, Colo Swine 145.00 127.60 

F. D. Humbert, Nashua Swine 415.00 365.20 

W. A. Hoover, Oskaloosa Swine 775.00 682.00 

C. E. Blunt & Co., Rock Rapids Swine 55.00 48.40 

Thos. Stephenson, Chariton Swine 30.00 26.40 

A. J. Lytle, Oskaloosa Swine 60.00 52.80 

B. S. Gossick, Fairfield Swine 315.00 277.20 

Holland & Cook, New London Swine 50.00 44.00 

H. C. Sheldon, Shannon City Swine 80.00 70.40 

PL S. Allen, Russell Swine 115.00 101.20 

Johnson Bros. & Newkirk, Brooklyn Swine 455.00 400.40 

E. F. Kleinmeyer, Wilton Junction Horses 1,005.00 884.40 

Adam Stamm, Letts Horses 75.00 66.00 

Henry Lefebure, Fairfax Horses 1,575.00 1,386.00 

A. B. Holbert, Greeley Horses 530.00 466.40 

W. A. Lang & Co., Greeley Horses 45.00 39.60 

N. J. Shanklan, Waubeck Poultry 56.00 49.28 

J. W. Sueppel, Iowa City Poultry 28.00 24.64 

J. J. Elliott, Onawa Poultry 6.00 5. 28 

W. A. Shofer, Bloomfield Poultry 4.00 3.52 

N. E. Mighell, Marshalltown Poultry 14.00 12.32 

J. F. Davis, Macedonia Poultry 4.00 3.52 

W. Perkins, Ames Poultry 4.00 3.52 

L. Hiles, Sioux City Poultry 8.00 7.04 



Total paid by Louisiana Purchase Exposition $11,054.00 

Total paid by Iowa Commission 9,727.52 



Grand total $20,781.52 

I wish to extend my thanks to you. Senator Harriman, for the effort 
you made in the interests of making so prominent and strong exhibit in 
what is Iowa's greatest industry, live stock, and for the valuable assist- 
ance and support you gave me in working up the sentiment among the 
stock men to make the showing they did. I desire also to thank the indi- 
vidual members of the Commission for the many courtesies shown me and 
the interest they manifested in the department. Especially do I desire to 
extend my grateful thanks to the secretary of the Iowa Commission, Mr. 



184 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



F. R. Conaway, for the valuable assistance he rendered the Iowa live stock 
exhibitors. By his vigorous and persistent efforts he secured for our ds' 
partment things which had been guaranteed but which few states were 
able to secure. 

I wish, in conclusion, to extend my congratulations to the Iowa exhib- 
itors for the excellent showing made, and to thank each one for the cour- 
tesy shown. 

Respectfully submitted, 

E. H. WHITE, Superintendent. 




FANETTE No. 187 AT TWO YEARS. 

Grand Champion Belgian Mare, Bred and Owned by Henry Lefebure, Fairfax. Iowa. 

First in Class, Junior and Grand Champion Mare. 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



185 



Department of Agriculture 



To Hon. William Larrabee, President Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
Commission of Iowa. 

Dear Sir — To make a creditable showing for a great agricultural state 
like Iowa requires time, money and patience. To do the work properly 
requires appropriations greater than in any other department. 

There are two methods of mak- 
ing such an exhibit, one to make it 
for show regardless of quality; the 
other to include quality and combine 
the two methods. A show booth can 
be erected for one-half the cost. 

Iowa chose to make her booth 
both for show and quality. I admit 
it was not as flashy as those erected 
regardless of quality. In appearance, 
however, and what it contained, con- 
vinced all whose tours were for in- 
vestigation of the solidity of the 
showing made. 

Through the interest manifested 
by the members of the faculty 
of the Iowa State College, notably 
Prof. P. G. Holden, of Ames, with 
his co-workers, plan of work was out- 
lined and every effort made to carry 
it out. Mr. George S. Forest was se- 
lected as superintendent of the de- 




*COMR. WILL C WHITING. Whiting-. 



♦Commissioner Will C. Whiting, Whiting, Monona County; farmer and 
merchant; born August 13, 1857, in the same township in which he now 
resides, being the first white child born in the township. Son of the late 
Hon. Charles E. Whiting, a member of the Iowa Senate and a candidate 
for Governor on the Democratic ticket in 1885. Mr. Whiting followed in 
the footsteps of his father and became a farmer, but later added farming 
implements, lumber and banking to his occupation. He was elected to 
the House of the Twenty-ninth General Assembly and re-elected to the Thir- 
tieth, and because of the adoption of the biennial amendment, will also 
serve in the Thirty-first General Assembly. He was chosen as Commii;- 
sioner in charge of agricultural exhibits and took an active interest in 
stimulating the best grain growers to furnish the best samples of grain 
the land would produce. At his own expense he had made the beautiful 
corn trophy which he turned over to the Iowa State College to be com- 
peted for after the close of the fair, in the same manner it was used be- 
fore the exposition. Mr. Whiting addressed many county farmers' insti- 
tutes and kept constantly in touch with the Ames College in gathering, 
preparing and installing the exhibit. Mr. Whiting was married October 4, 
1883, to Miss Mary A. Elliott. Their family consists of two children, a 
son, Charles Elliott, and a daughter, Woodson. 




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188 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

partment, and with him the best workers in the Corn Growers' Associa- 
tion. 

Mr. E. S. Fursman, whose work in line of grain decoration at Chicago 
and Buffalo gave him a national reputation, was secured for decorative 
work, and our thanks are due him for the artistic grain pictures and deco- 
rations. 

Mr. Fred Hethershaw had charge of the exterior decoration and 
planned the sheath and grain exhibit, which added materially to the ac- 
tractiveness of the display. 

Mr. Edward Carey, of Sioux City, furnished us with a very fine display 
of side oats gramma grass. 

In line with the direction of the exhibits department, work was begun 
in the Agricultural Building early in the season, and before the exposition 
was ready for its part of the work. Notwithstanding the discouraging 
features, work progressed satisfactorily and the booth was finished among 
the first. Chief Frederick W. Taylor gave us very valuable assistance in 
the installation of our booth. 

In submitting the report of the department, I desire to express the 
thanks of the Commisison and myself for the energetic work of George 
S. Forest as superintendent, whose meritorious work brought to the Com- 
mission much praise, and to his successor, Mr. L. G. Clute, whose patience 
and knowledge of gathering together an exhibit of small grain, the like of 
which many claimed had never before been seen. 

I also desire to thank the Iowa State College for its valuable assist- 
ance in every way, and especially in gathering products and storing until 
ready for installation, and also the Monona County Farmers' Institute for 
turning over their entire corn exhibit, which made a very valuable addi- 
tion to our display. I also wish to thank the Commission for its hearty 
co-operation and assistance in rendering the aid necessary to complete the 
work as originally intended. 

I herewith submit the report of Mr. George S. Forest, as superintend- 
ent, up to July 1st, and subsequent report of his successor, Mr. L. G. Clute, 
for your consideration and approval. 

Respectfully submitted, 

WILL C. WHITING, 
Commissioner in Charge of Department of Agriculture. 



Report of Superintendent Forest 

To Hon. Will C. Whiting, Chairman Department of Agriculture, Iowa Com- 
mission, Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 

Dear Sir — In submitting this, my final report of the conduct of the ag- 
ricultural exhibit at St. Louis, I wish to congratulate you upon being so 
fortunate as to represent the interests of the leading agricultural state of 
the Louisiana Purchase, which means also the leading agricultural state 
in the Union. 




DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 189 

^fismf^ . Upon receiving my appointment as super- 

intendent of the department of agriculture, I 
immediately made a careful investigation to 
find what there was of the previous years' 
products that would be available for exhibi- 
tion purposes. The corn crop was below the 
average; oats and other small grains had suf- 
fered much at harvest time from damaging 
storms, rust and blight; and it was finally de- 
cided that there was nothing on hand that 
would be of service to us to aid in putting up 
such an exhibiit as we felt should represent 
our great state; therefore, everything we 
should use for our exhibit must be grown 
GEORGE s. FOREST. Miles during the season of 1903. About this time 
Supt.AgricuUnre Exhibit. pj-^f p q Holdeu, of Amcs, was just begin- 
ning his educational crusade with the Iowa farmers upon the subject of 
corn improvement, and at his instigation there was organized what is 
known as the Iowa Corn Growers' Association, and I had the honor of be- 
ing its first secretary. Through this association the Commission distrib- 
uted to the farmers of Iowa over two thousand packages, each containing 
two pounds of improved seed corn, with the understanding that the farmer 
receiving the same would plant it and care for it in such a manner as to 
keep the seed pure, and then bring the best ten ears to the next annual 
meeting of the association, to be held at Ames in January, 1904. The ex- 
pense to the Commission for this seed com was about $200. The corn 
was carefully selected by Professor Holden, and, under his supervision, 
shelled and hand picked, only the very best kernels being sent out. 
Through the generosity of Hon. Will C. 
Whiting, who contributed a $450 trophy to 
the premium list, and many other friends of 
scientific agriculture, about $2,500 in premi- 
ums were offered to the farmers of Iowa for 
the best samples of corn grown within the 
state during the year. This liberal contribu- ' 4^ ^, 

tion of premiums brought out a fine display ^ 

of corn, which was turned over to the Com- "P - 

mission for the St. Louis Exposition. The 
best of these samples were contributed by 
the parties who won the premiums at Ames, 
and whose corn formed a part of the exhibit 
at St, Louis. 

I found it necessary at seeding time, in 
1903, to plant upon my own farm various v^hiTing corn trophy. 
grains, in order that nothing might be lack- Offered for the Best lowa Corn 

o o ^Qj. Exhibit. 

ing in our sheaf exhibit, and that we should 
have sufiicient material for the necessary decoration. In this planting I 
had several varieties of white oats, barley, flax, buckwheat, pencellaria, 
millet, sorghum, cowpeas, soja beans, timothy, clover and alfalfa. In addi- 



190 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

tion to the selection made from this planting we purchased outright the 
complete exhibits at the Iowa State Fair of Fred Hethershaw, L. G. Clute^ 
C. A. Malone, Walter Plows, and S. A. Shetterley, each of w^hich contained 
some very fine specimens of sheaf grain as well as threshed seed, as will 
be shown by the report of the committee on awards at St. Louis. 

The principal work of decoration was done by Fred Hethershaw and 
L. G. Clute, whose previous experience at the Chicago Columbian Exposi- 
tion and the Trans-Mississippi Exposition at Omaha especially qualified 
them for this particular work. The fine" grain pictures, which added to 
the attractiveness and finish of our exhibit, were the work of F. F. Furs- 
man. 

It is to be regretted that, owing to the lack of funds at our disposal, 
we were unable to complete the installation of our exhibit as originally 
planned, or to properly maintain it and furnish renewals during the sea- 
son. For the same reason we were unable to furnish a vegetable exhibit 
during the latter part of the season. I donated all the material grown on 
my farm and Commissioner Whiting contributed liberally of his crops and 
sacrificed his business interests, and devoted a great amount of his valu- 
able time to the interest of the exhibit. 

To substantiate the statement made above, that Iowa is an agricul- 
tural state without a peer, we append a few of the tables worked out to 
form a part of our decoration, showing facts in regard to the products of 
the five leading states of the Union: 

Farm Industry. 

Number of farms in Iowa 228,622 

Average number acres in each 151 

Value of land $1,497,554,790 

Value of machinery and live stock 336,790,756 

Total investment 1,834,345,546 

Value Annual Farm Products. — In Million Dollars. 

Iowa 365 

Illinois 345 

Ohio 257 

New York 245 

Texas 239 

Corn Yield. — In Million Bushels. 

1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. Av. 

Iowa 255 242 306 230 298 266 

Illinois 200 247 264 198 372 256 

Nebraska 159 224 210 109 252 191 

Missouri 155 163 181 66 264 166 

Kansas .. 133 238 164 62 223 164 

Oat Yield. — In Million Bushels. 

1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. Av. 

Iowa 123 127 131 122 125 126 

Illinois 88 127 134 113 153 124 ■• 

Wisconsin 65 68 62 67 95 73 

Minnesota 56 52 42 66 82 60 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 191 

Poultry Production. — Not Including Eggs. 

Iowa $16,552,177 

Illinois 15,457,434 

Ohio 15,336,630 

Missouri 14,032,830 

Pennsylvania 13,564,211 

Butter Production. — Per Cent Total Production in United States. 

Iowa 9.3% 

New York 7.7% 

Pennsylvania 7.5% 

Wisconsin 7.1% 

Ohio 6.9% 

All other states 61.5% 

One of the features of our exhibit that attracted much attention was 
the corn roots prepared for us by the Iowa State College at Ames. There 
were two cases, one showing the root and stalk of the corn about the time 
com is laid by, the other showing root and stalk when the corn is fully 
matured, the roots mounted in the position found in the soil. 

Mr. Bryan Surprised. 
Hon. William Jennings Bryan voiced the sentiments of the majority 
of the visitors in this remark: "I come from a corn growing state, and I 
had no idea the extent to which corn roots grow; this is the best educa- 
tional feature I have yet seen at this exposition." Mr, Bryan was then 
shown the products of corn, including corn sugar, corn rubber, corn syrup, 
starch, and about twenty by-products used for feeding purposes, which 
were obtained in the manufacture of the products just mentioned. 

"Well," said Mr. Bryan, "I thought I was posted on the subject of corn, 
but I find that I know very little about it. Sugar, rubber, olive oil, and 
all these other things from corn! What next?" 

We also called his attention to a sample of redtop seed furnished by 
Mr, Clute, of which ordinarily fourteen pounds makes one bushel, but this 
particular sample weighed thirty-six pounds; a sample of rust-proof oats 
weighing fifty-four pounds; a corn stalk furnished by Henry Field of Shen- 
andoah, measuring nineteen feet and four inches. Mr. Bryan's last re- 
mark as he left the booth was: 

"Hats off to Iowa." 

I wish again to say that the success of this exhibit is due very much 
to the untiring energy and personal interest manifested by Chairman 
Whitihg of this department. The following is a list of the awards to ex- 
hibitors, as shown by the records in Chief Taylor's office: 

AWARDS. 

Group 84. 

Iowa. — Manchester, Delaware County, Grand Prize. — L. G. Clute; col- 
lective grains and grasses in sheaf, large variety, well cured, valued as 
food and forage plants; hard spring wheat, very best for milling purposes, 
good yielder, stiff straw, will hardly ever lodge, grain heavy, brings high- 
est price in the market; yellow oats, Kentucky blue grass, black barley, 
German millet seed, timothy seed, mammoth red clover, millet in sheaves, 
silver hulled buckwheat, timothy in sheaf, field and garden peas, white 
fall rye, alsike clover seed, redtop seed. 



192 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Miles, Jackson County, Grand Prize. — Iowa Commission, George S. 
Forest, superintendent; collection of grasses and grains, corn, collective 
exhibit. 

Des Moines, Grand Prize. — F. R. Conaway, secretary; Iowa state ex- 
hibit; Iowa state collective exhibit of corn; artistic cereal decorations on 
wall; design and fine quality of grains and grasses. 

The following is a list of corn growers who furnished corn for the ex- 
hibit in the Iowa booth, receiving the grand prize: 



Aiken, John N., Ames. 
Aiken, W. E., Decorah. 
Andrews, B. C, Ollie. 
Avery, A. M., Mason City. 
Belding, Waldo, Bagley. 
Bells, John, Moorhead. 
Bennett, Elmer, Ticonic. 
Birk eland, H. H., Roland. 
Bliss, J. A., Diagonal. 
Boulden, Vasco, Onawa. 
Bowers, W. D., Whiting. 
Brook, C. N., Mapleton. 
Brown, Frank, Shannon City. 
Brown, H. E., Sargeant's Bluff. 
Bucknam, C. E., Castalia. 
Cadwell, Homer C, Logan. 
Cambarrus, Louis, Soldier. 
Campbell, J. E., Ames. 
Carlson, Eric, Turin. 
Carritt, F. W., Soldier. 
Carritt, J. M., Soldier. 
Carson, Bruce, Thompson. 
Chandler, G. G., Fairfield. 
Chapman, Clarence, Washta. 
Chapman, Grant, Bagley. 
Claxton, Forest, Randalia. 
Clemmenson, Chas., Turin. 
Clute, C. A., Manchester. 
Clute, L. G., Manchester. 
Cook, Charles, Bagley. 
Coon, W. R., Ames. 
Crayle, John, Greeley. 
Cresswell, Will, Onawa. 
Culbertson, Harry, Manchester. 
Dailey, Newell, Whiting. 
Banner, F. M., Osceola. 
Danskin, Fred T., Marengo. 
Dawson, W. P., Quimby. 
Dean, Frank, Whiting. 
Drake, N., Freeport. 
Drake, W. N., Decorah. 
Dugdale, T, G., Onawa. 
Easton, Harry, Rhodes. 
Easton, O. J., Whiting. 
Epley, J. H., Shell Rock. 
Farrell, W. J., Farragut. 
Forest, George S., Miles. 
Forest, E. C, Miles. 
Frevert, F. A., Odebolt. 
Frevert, E. F., Odebolt. 
Frevert, C. E., Odebolt. 



Forman, L. W., West Branch. 
Felter, Victor N., Washta. 
Felter, Verne C, Washta. 
Fawcett, C. J., Springdale. 
Forest, Chas. R., Miles. 
Gaskill, Glen D., Corwith. 
George, Henry, West Union. 
Gestil, F. J., Delhi. 
Gleason, Guy C, Mechanicsville. 
Gray, Alfred, Mapleton. 
Gray, Leonard, Mapleton. 
Green, Alonzo, Clarinda. 
Gross, Geo. A., Avoca. 
Hallett, Wray, Forest City. 
Hall, Oscar, Whiting. 
Hanna, Chas., Manchester. 
Hanson, A., Turin. 
Hanson, Hans, Goldfield. 
Hardwick, Geo. P., Britt. 
Harvey, Alonzo, Ossian. 
Herron, Wm., Bagley. 
Hethershaw, Fred, Des Moines. 
Hethershaw, Hess, Des Moines. 
Holmes, A. F., Bagley. 
Holden, Chas., Soldier. 
Hunt, Arthur, Turin. 
Hurd, Melvin, Burt. 
Hutchinson, L. C, West Branch. 
Iddings, Earl, Mapleton. 
Iddings, J. G., Mapleton. 
Jepson, J. R., Turin. 
Jividen, Burrell, Onawa. 
Jividen, Lee, Onawa. 
Johnston, D. M., Storm Lake. 
Joliffe, Geo. L., Rolfe. 
Kuehnlie, Lewis, Greeley. 
Larson, Albert, Onawa. 
Livingood, Perry ,Castana. 
Lloyd, Frank, Maxwell. 
Mason, George, Des Moines. 
Maxwell, J. M., Crawfordsville. 
McCulloch, Fred, Hartwick. 
Merritt, G. H., Whiting. 
Merritt, George, Whiting. 
Mitchell, C. F., Shenandoah. 
Moore, F. S., Turin. 
Morse, E. E., Turin. 
Nachtman, John, Earlville. 
Naden, P. H., Onawa. 
Neal, Bert H., Mt. Vernon. 
Neinaber, Ed C, Durant. 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUr.TURE. 



193 



Nelson, Anton. Goldfield. 
Nelson, Hans. Turin. 
Nelson, Marian, Soldier. 
Nelson, Miller, Goldfield. 
NeM'ton, Leonard, Newbiirg. 
Nims, Archie D., Emerson. 
Nims, D. B., Emerson. 
Nims, Fred, Emerson. 
Nims, Henry, Emerson. 
Nims, J. W., Emerson. 
Oliver, C. G., Onawa. 
Orr, J. L., Neola. 
Osborn, O., Maxwell. 
Owen, D. W., Castana. 
Owen, Ray, Bonair. 
Pascal, D. L., De Witt. 
Paul, Robert J., Gilman. 
Peterson, Chris, Turin. 
Plummer, A. L., Altoona. 
Plummer, E. C., Altoona. 
Rexworth, John, Wilton Junction. 
Rodgers, Earl, Onawa. 
Rodibaugh, Ray, Libertyville. 
Rogers, Jesse, Bagley. 
Ross, H. J., Farragut. 
Ruebsam, Chas., Ainsworth. 
Russell, M. H., Bagley. 
Sanford, Meade, Monticello. 
Sawyer, Ed, Sargeant's Bluff. 
Schackell, M. C, Onawa. 



Shaw, Charles, Hastings. 
Sheedy, John, Weller. 
Smith, A. E., Rodney. 
Smith, A. T., Castalia. 
Smith, J. P., Onawa. 
Steen, Chas. F., West Liberty. 
Stewart, J. M., Ainsworth. 
Stuedeman, Ben N., Lyons. 
Stett, D. D., Clarinda. 
Sundberg, John, Whiting. 
Taff, Paul C, Panora. 
Taylor, C. R., Hamburg. 
Thompson, Thos., Sciola. 
Tompkins, Elmer A., Dakota City 
Tracy, Gilbert, Nashua. 
Turner, Asa, Maxwell. 
Turner, Harry, Maxwell. 
Uhl, Isadore, Mapleton. 
Utterback, O. H., Onawa. 
Volgamore, Carlton, Soldier. 
Volgamore, J. F., Soldier. 
Warsop, George, Onawa. 
Way, Samuel, Greeley. 
Werges, Fred, National. 
Wetterlen, Samuel, Manchester. 
Wheatcraft, Earl, Colfax. 
Winnegar, Warren, Castana. 
Woodrow, H. H., Malvern. 
Wooster, F. M., Mapleton. 
Zimmerman, A. T., Washta. 



Gold medals on corn were awarded to: 



Coon, W. P., Ames. 

Forest, E. C, Miles. 

Forest, Geo. S., Miles. 

Gestel, F. J., Delhi. 

Maxwell, J. M., Crawfordsville. 

Newton, Leonard, Newburg. 

Gold medals were also awarded to Fred Hethershaw 
on barley, and to L. G. Clute, of Manchester, on flax seed. 



Nims, D. B., Emerson. 
Nims, Fred, Emerson. 
Nims, Henry, Emerson. 
Shaw, Charles, Hastings. 
Turner, Asa, Maxwell. 



of Des Moines, 



Silver medals on corn were awarded to: 
Campbell, J. E., Ames. Nims, J. W., Emerson. 

Hethershaw, Fred, Des Moines. Plummer, A. L., Altoona. 

Hethershaw, Hess, Des Moines. Stewart, J. M., Ainsworth. 

Hilker, William, Des Moines. Thompson, Thos., Sciola. 

Silver medals were also awarded to Fred Hethershaw, of Des Moines, 
on flax seed; to A. L. Plummer, of Altoona, on grasses, and to L. G. Clute, 
of Manchester, on castor beans. 



Bronze medals on corn were 

Albright, Samuel, Green County. 
Bowers, W. D., Whiting. 
Brown, H. E., Sargent's Bluff. 
Chandler, G. G., Fairfield. 
Danner, F. M., Osceola. 
Easton, O. J., Whiting. 
Farrell, W. J., Emerson. 
Felter, Verne M., Washta. 
George, Henry, West Union. 



awarded to: 

Gross, Geo. A., Avoca. 
Holden, Chas., Castana. 
Knight, H. R., Coin. 
Livingood, Perry, Castana. 
Lovell, W. H., Onawa. 
Northop, E. H., Boone. 
Oliver, C. G., Onawa. 
Sheedy, John, Castana. 
Smith, Earl G., Webster City. 



194 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION, 



Steen, Chas. F., West Liberty. 
Sundbiirg, John, Whiting. 
Turner, Harvey, Sioux City. 
Respectfully submitted. 



Winnegar, Warren, Turin. 
Woodrow, H. H., Malvern. 

GEO. S. FOREST, Superintendent. 




Lr. G. CIvUTE, Manchester, 

Superintendent Agriculture and 

Apiary Exhibit. 



Report of Superintendent Clute 

To Hon. Will C. Whiting, Commissioner in Charge Department of Agricul 
ture, Iowa Commission, Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 
Dear Sir — In submitting a report of ray work, I will endeavor to give 
you a brief sjmopsis of my five months in charge of the agricultural exhibit 
for Iowa at the exposition. 

On or about the 20th of April, 1904, I 
was employed to assist in the arranging of 
of the wall space and installing the grain 
and grasses in sheaf for the exhibit. This 
took about three weeks, after which I re- 
turned home. 

On July 1st I took charge of the exhibit 
as superintendent, Mr. Forest, the former 
superintendent, having resigned. I assumed 
my duties the first Monday in July, contin- 
uing in charge until the close. 

Considering the number of entries 
made, Iowa took more high prizes than any 
other state. Some difficulty was experienced 
in making the entries for competition, as no 
list of addresses of the contributors had 
been kept in this department, and as no at- 
tention was paid by the Jury of Awards to 
an entry without the postoffice address, we 
lost many high awards. The Iowa corn crop 
scored ninety-nine points, receiving the 
grand prize over all. Iowa also received 
twenty gold and silver medals on corn, together with over twenty bronze 
medals. 

In grains and grasses and seeds, Iowa ranked foremost, receiving the 
grand prize on grains and grasses in sheaf, as well as grand prize on 
wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, timothy, clover, millet seed, etc. 

In explanation of the scoring, I will state that all entries scoring under 
65 points were thrown out, from 65 to 75 points, inclusive, were awarded 
bronze medals; from 76 to 85, silver medals; from 86 to 95, gold medals, 
and from 96 to 100, grand prizes. So you will see Iowa had over twenty 
entries scoring too high for gold medal. 

Iowa scored 99 points on hard spring wheat, in competition with Can- 
ada, Minnesota and North Dakota, acknowledged leaders. 

The credit for the fine exhibit in the line of grasses and grains is due 
to the chairman, Hon. W. C. Whiting, who was particular to see that the 
grains for exhibition purposes were properly cleaned and made ready by 
experts in that line, instead of having them contributed miscellaneously 
by farmers from their feed bins and cribs. We had the very best that 
Iowa produces, and, while the lack of funds made it necessary to curtail 
in the making of an extensive exhibit, the visitors who viewed the agri- 
cultural exhibit had nothing but words of praise. 

In conclusion it is my desire to express my appreciation of the work of 
my predecessor; to extend my warmest thanks to President Larrabee, and 
through him to the members of the Commission; to Secretary Conaway, 
and to the Board of Control, for the many courtesies extended to me and 
kindness shown my department while I was in charge. I feel that I must 
express my personal gratification to the chairman, Mr. Whiting, for his 
manly courtesy under all conditions, and trusting this may meet the ap- 
proval of the Commission, it is 

Respectfully submitted, L. G. CLUTE, Superintendent. 



APIARY DEPARTMENT. 195 



Apiary Department 



To Hon. William Larrabee, President Louisiana Purchase Exposition 

Commission of Iowa. 

Dear Sir — A large space was set apart in the west extension of the 
Horticulture Building on the exposition grounds for the installation of ex- 
hibits in the apiary department. 

We were informed by the exposition authorities that all honey, bees, 
apiary implements, appliances and machinery to be placed on exhibition 
from all the states in this department would be made in this part of the 
building. Relying upon this information, we applied for space and pur- 
chased a glass case in which to place our honey exhibit. 

In the fall of 1903, I appointed Mr. L. G. Clute, of Delaware County, 
as assistant to take charge of the apiary exhibit. At the same time I in- 
structed him to purchase 1,000 pounds of comb honey for the state of the 
crop of 1903, selecting the very best he could find from his own apiary 
and others. This was done, he caring for same through the following win- 
ter, it being necessary to keep it in a room of proper temperature to pre- 
serve it. This honey was shipped and installed at the exposition by Mr. 
Clute in May, 1904, and the result was as fine an exhibit of honey as could 
be found at the exposition. We soon found, however, that the location as- 
signed for this exhibit was an out of the way place and attracted but a 
very few visitors, and that only one other state installed a honey exhibit 
in this location, many of the states exhibiting their honey in the Agricul- 
ture Building, along with their agricultural display. 

When we found the state of affairs which existed, we applied to the 
authorities for permission to be allowed to remove our honey to the booth 
of Iowa in the Agriculture Building, since other states had been granted 
this privilege, contrary to the rules, by the director in that department. 
This permission, however, was not granted. We had planned on soliciting 
and receiving from individual apiary owners a large exhibit of honey of 
the crop of 1904, as well as to have quite a display of extracted honey in 
glass, but, on account of the conditions existing as above set forth, we con- 
cluded we would not be justified in making further expenditures in this 
department. 

The honey and large glass case was turned over at the close of the 
exposition to the Board of Control. 

The committee on awards for this department awarded the state of 
Iowa a silver medal for the comb honey as a whole. And, while we deeply 
feel the humiliation of Iowa not being at the top in her honey exhibit, as 
she always has been, having taken the highest award at New Orleans, 
highest and only gold medal on white clover comb honey at Chicago, and 
receiving highest awards on all classes at Omaha, we feel the Commission 
did right in not spending more money in installing an expensive exhibit of 
honey in glass in a place where no one came to see it. And, in justifica- 




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APIARY DEPARTMENT. 



19: 



tion of the act of the Commission in not doing so. will say that there were 
expensive glass cases standing at the close of the fair just as the.v had 
been left by the contractor, ordered by other states, but remaining unfilled 
on account of the out of the way place allotted for this exhibit. 

We will say also in regard to the Iowa apiary department that th*> 
Board of Control reported a higher percentage of salvage to the state than 
any other department, and, in fact, more actual money was realized out 
of it than from all the other departments combined. The chairman of the 
Board expressed his gratification at the efficient manner in which the de- 
partment was conducted. 

Respectfully submitted. 

C. J. A. ERICSON. 
Commissioner in Charge of Apiary. 
Awards. 
Group 9G. — Silver Medal. — L. G. Clute, Manchester, comb honey. 








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DAIRY DEPARTMENT. 



199 



Dairy Department 



To Hon. William Larrabee, President Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
Commission of Iowa. 
Dear Sir — As Commissioner in charge of the Iowa exhibit of the dairy 

department, I beg to submit the following report: 

After my assignment to take 
charge of this department, I availed 
myself of the opportunity which pre- 
sented itself of attending the State 
Dairy Convention, at Cedar Rapids, 
in February, 1903, where I had the 
privilege of addressing the conven- 
tion and setting forth the great im- 
portance of the coming exposition to 
the dairy interests of our state. 

And, as the dairy products of 
Iowa had been awarded the highest 
scores at the Centennial Exposition 
in Philadelphia in 1876, the World's 
Industrial and Cotton Centennial at 
New Orleans in 1885, the World's Co- 
lumbian Exposition at Chicago in 
1893, and the Trans-Mississippi and 
International Exposition at Omaha 
in 1898, it was incumbent upon the butter producers of the state to 

maintain the high excellence already attained. I found the members of 

the association ready and willing to assist in every way possible, and 




*COMR. C. J. A. ERICSON, Boone. 



*C. J. A. Ericson, Boone, banker; born in Sweden March 8, 1840. His 
father was a farmer. Emigrated to America in 1852 in a sailing vessel, 
making the trip in 45 days. Worked as a farmhand at $G per month. Be- 
came an engineer in a saw mill and then clerked in a store. In the spring 
of 1859 he traveled to Eddyville by rail, then by steamboat to Des Moines, 
and then to Boone by wagon, the only means of travel at that time in Cen- 
tral Iowa. He established a general store at the cross-roads of Mineral 
Ridge, removing to Boone in 1870. He organized the First National Bank 
of Boone, now the City Bank, and was made vice president. Sold his store 
in 1875 and became cashier of the bank, which position he held for 30 
years, and is now president. Was appointed postmaster of Mineral Ridge 
by President Buchanan, serving also as road supervisor, township clerk, 
school director and treasurer. Has served Boone as alderman, president of 
the school board, treasurer of the school district and of the city, and other 
minor positions of trust. He was elected to the House of the Fourteenth 
and to the Senate of the Twenty-sixth, Twenty-seventh, Thirtieth and Thir- 
ty-first General Assemblies. He has shown his liberality to his home people 
in numerous ways, the Ericson Memorial Library standing as a monument 
to his generosity. He was Commissioner in charge of dairy exhibits, and 
the splendid showing made does not have even a suggestion of the trials 
met in installing the exhibit, on account of inadequate facilities for receiv- 
ing the shipments. Senator Ericson has one daughter. Miss Rena. 



200 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

therefore asked them to name a committee to co-operate with the chair- 
man of this department. This request was granted, and the president of 
the State Dairy Association appointed a committee, consisting of H. R. 
AVright, State Dairy Commissioner, of Des Moines; S. B. Shilling, presi- 
dent of the State Dairy Association, of Mason City; G. L. McKay, profes- 
sor of dairying of the State Agricultural College, of Ames, and M, Morten- 
son, of Sioux City, to assist in interesting butter makers of the state in 
making exhibits at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Mr. Mortenson 
having moved from the state, Mr. P. H, Kieffer, Assistant State Dairy Con»- 
missioner, of Manchester, was selected in his place at a later date, and 
at a called meeting of this committee, held at Ames, Iowa, it was decided 
not to employ any regular superintendent for the exhibit to be made at 
St. T^ouis. Such work as would naturally fall to a superintendent of ex- 
hibits was performed in turn by the chairman of this department, Mr. 
Shilling, Mr. Kieffer, and Professor McKay. 

Considerable difficulty was experienced in getting the butter together 
and in getting it to St. Louis in proper condition and in time. There be- 
ing. no direct line of refrigerator service from any Iowa point to St. Louis, 
it was necessary to send all the butter to Chicago and have it transferred 
and shipped to East St. Louis, from which point it had to be delivered to 
the fair grounds by dray. The packages of butter were shipped by the ex- 
hibitors to Waterloo, Iowa, by express, and from there to St. Louis by re- 
frigerator freight as outlined above, and notwithstanding the difficulties 
mentionefl, all such butter arrived in St. Louis in fairly good shape. At 
each scoring there were several belated packages that were shipped direct 
to St. Louis by express, and these packages invariably showed the bad ef- 
fects of the heat, and so lowered the individual scores and the general av- 
erage in the showing made by the state. 

The following circular letter of instruction was sent to a large num- 
ber of creameries in the state from the State Dairy Commissioner: 

A WORD FROM THE IOWA STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER. 

"Butter for exhibit at St. Louis should arrive at Waterloo, Iowa, on 
June 2d. Assistant Dairy Commissioner Kieffer will be there to receive 
and care for it upon its arrival. 

"The rules of the fair require a 30-pound 
tub or larger. Pack your BO-pound tub inside 
of a GO-pound tub, use dry packing, have the 
butter thoroughly cooled before it starts, and 
ship by express. Put your name and address 
on the tub containing the butter and use the 
shipping tag provided by this department on 
outside of package. Prepay the expense to 
Waterloo. All expense after the butter ar- 
rives at Waterloo will be borne by the Iowa 
Commission. 

"The butter will go forward from Water- 
loo by refrigerator freight. At Waterloo, en 
route to St. Louis, and at St. Louis the great- 
est personal care will be taken to have the 
butter arrive in the best possible condition. 
Won't you do your share by sending only 
butter that is of the highest class and that 
H. R. WRIGHT, ^'ill ^'1^ ^^ ^^® reputation of the state instead 

State Dairy Commissioner. Of the Opposite . 




DAHIY DEPARTMENT. 201 

"The collection of the butter at Waterloo and its re-shipment is under 
the supervision of Hon. C. J. A. Ericson, Commissioner in charge of Iowa's 
dairy exhibit. 

"H. R. WRIGHT, Dairy Commissioner." 

The following circular of direction, prepared by Professor McKay, ac- 
companied these instructions of Commissioner Wright concerning the ship- 
ment of the butter: 

"As the time is near at hand for the exhibition of butter at the World's 
Fair, to be held at St. Louis, I am taking this opportunity of sending a few 
instructions to those who wish to participate in the contest. The reputa- 
tion of our state will depend largely upon the display of butter we make 
at the World's Fair. Therefore, we desire everyone to put forth their best 
elTorts. If you have poor cream or poor milk, of course it is advisable not 
to exhibit at all. Undoubtedly most of the exhibitors that will participate 
in that contest will make their butter from selected milk or cream. I would 
strongly advise the use of a good starter, it being one of the first requi- 
sites in making good buter. 

"If you are receiving cream alone, it is advisable to see some of your 
largest patrons, who have hand separators, and see to it that the hand sep- 
arators are thoroughly cleansed, and that the cream is properly cared for. 
If, on the other hand, you are using whole milk, it is advisable to place 
the starter in the cream vat in the morning, adding to it enough of good 
morning's milk, so that the starter and the milk added will dilute the 
cre'^m to about 25 per cent or 30 per cent — that is, after j^ou have skimmed 
a 50 per cent or 55 per cent cream. 

"The best method to prepare a new starter is to pasteurize a pint or 
quart of milk, using the best milk you can find. This can be done the most 
effectively by placing the milk in a sampling jar and using a paper stop- 
per in the bottle; then place the bottle of milk in a pail of cold water: 
then turn the steam hose in the water to heat it to about 180 degrees or 
190 degrees. It should be kept in this condition for twenty minutes, when 
cold water can be run in the hot until the entire lot is cooled down to 70 
degrees. This should then be inoculated with the pure culture and kept at 
a temperature of from 65 degrees to 70 degrees, until it begins to coagu- 
late. At this stage it is in the best condition for using, as the germs are 
more active. 

"As soon as the starter begins to coagulate it should be immediately 
cooled down to a temperature of 40 degrees, to prevent the further devel- 
opment of acid. Better results have been obtained here where the new 
starter has been carried forward two or three times in a small quantity 
of milk. In preparing a large quantity of milk for a starter care should 
TDe exercised in selecting the best milk possible. This milk should be pas- 
teurized and treated just the same as milk in the bottle— that is, it should 
be heated to 180 degrees or 190 degrees and held at that temperature for 
twenty minutes, then it should be cooled down to 70 degrees and inocu- 
lated with some of the starter that has been prepared from the bottle, that 
has been prepared previously from the new culture. About a half pint of 
the mother starter is enough to inoculate the larger starter. 

"A starter is in the best condition to use when it contains about 40 
degrees or 42 degrees acidity by Mann's test, or from .70 to .75 of 1 per 
cent on the Farrington. If you are not using a test of any kind, the cream 
should be cooled down to churning temperature, as soon as it begins to co- 
agulate, thus avoiding the danger of over-ripening. In the late contest, 
the high-scoring butter had almost universally been made from cream rip- 
ened to a medium-low degree acidity. If a very high per cent starter has 
been used, the cream will not require to be ripened to as high a degree of 
acidity as if a low per cent had been used. 

"Special precautions should be taken in churning, working and pack- 
ing the butter. Cream should be held at churning temperature for at least 
three hours before churning. The churns should be operated until the 



202 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

granules of butter become about the size of wheat. The butter should be 
washed with water, about the same temperature as the butter. If the but- 
ter gathers a little soft, it is advisable to have the wash water about 2 de- 
grees lower than the temperature of the buttermilk drawn off. As soon 
as the butter is washed, the salt should be applied immediately, while the 
butter is in a moist condition. The churn should be rovelved a few times, 
without putting the rollers in gear, thus thoroughly mixing the salt and 
the butter. After permitting the butter to stand for about twenty minutes 
in this condition, the rollers should be put in gear, and the butter worked 
for about two minutes, when the butter should be left to stand for an in- 
terval of half an hour, then it should be reworked until the salt loses its 
gritty feeling and the butter assumes a waxy condition. This condition 
should be brought about in about two minutes in the second working, or 
about four minutes working in all. The butter is now ready for packing. 
"For exhibiting butter, an ash tub gives better satisfaction than a 
spruce — that is an ash tub of the Elgin make. Tubs for exhibiting pur- 
poses should be nicely sandpapered and lined with good parchment paper. 
The parchment paper should lap about half an inch over the top of the 
butter, and the paper should be neatly folded. The tubs should be filled 
full and stroked off level, and a top circle placed on the top, after the side 
liners have been neatly folded down. After the butter has been packed 
the tubs should be first wrapped in paper, and then covered, with burlap, 
and should be held in the refrigerator before shipping to thoroughly chill 
the butter." 

Your chairman secured from the superintendent in charge of the 
dairy exhibits of the exposition a space sixteen lineal feet by eight feet 
deep in the glass case for the display of butter, the cost or rental of which 
was one thousand dollars. This, however, included all charges for refrig- 
eration and janitor service during the time of the exposition. 

Contrary to the manner heretofore adopted at former expositions of 
exhibiting the butter in tubs sent in for scoring each month in the glass 
case, no butter was thus exhibited at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 
The glass cases were used only for ornamental display in butter by the 
different states. For instance, Illinois had busts of Lincoln and Grant,. 
New York a bust of President Roosevelt and a model of the Liberty Bell, 
North Dakota, President Roosevelt as a cowboy on a bucking broncho, 
Wisconsin a Jersey cow and milkmaid, Connecticut the Charter Oak and 
state seal. One glass case remaining vacant, the different states contrib- 
uted the butter for busts of President D. R. Francis, Superintendent F. J. 
Skiff and Superintendent F. W. Taylor, officers of the exposition, to be 
placed therein. 

The glass case containing the Iowa exhibit held three models in but- 
ter. One, a model of the first creamery built west of the Mississippi River. 
This creamery was erected in 1872 at Spring Branch, three miles east of 
Manchester, Delaware County, Iowa. This model was a facsimilie, show- 
ing the original creamery building and the wooden cog wheel and horse 
power attached for the running of the intricate machinery of the first 
creamery in the state. 

Beside this model of the first creamery was displayed a life-sized bust 
of John Stewart, the builder of the creamery and the father of creamery 
building and modern dairying in the state and the west. He was the first 
Iowa exhibitor at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876. The 
fact that Mr. Stewart's butter was the highest scoring butter exhibited in 
Philadelphia made Iowa creameries and Iowa's creamery butter famous. 



DAIRY DEPARTMENT. 



203 



and gave an impetus to the creamery and dairy business which is felt to 
the present time. 

The third exhibit was a model of the new dairy school building erected 
in 1904 at the Agricultural College at Ames. The contrast between this 
building and the original Iowa creamery graphically depicts the extraor- 
dinary progress and development in the dairy business of the state in the 
years between 1872 and 1904. 

The Iowa exhibit was peculiar in that it had direct reference to the in- 
dustry. It attracted more attention than those of other states for the rea- 
son that it told the story of the small beginning and extraordinary devel- 
opment of Iowa's dairy industry. 

The background in our glass case was lined with cloth of purple, 
draped and festooned with golden yellow, with artificial palms standing 
among the butter models; all of which had a very pleasing effect and 
served to bring the figures out more prominently. 

The butter used in our sculpture work was made in the creamery of 
Mr. C. D. Elder, of Manchester. 

Your chairman is under obligations to Prof. G. L. Mackay for the time 
and aid given to make our efforts a success; also for procuring the frame- 
work or models for the sculpture work free of charge, these having been 
made by the students in the carpenter shops at the college. 

President S. B. Shilling, of the State Dairy Association, gave much 
valuable time and attention to this department in superintending the work 
of installation of the exhibits, as well as the handling of our butter as 
received at some of the scorings. 

Your chairman requested Mr. Shilling to make a report over his own 
signature as a part of our joint work, but I suppose his well known mod- 
esty forbade him so doing. However, I will embody as a part of this re- 
port one of the letters he sent to the "Dairy Journal," after the close of 
the butter contest, as follows: 

WHERE IOWA STANDS NOW. 

"In looking over and studying the results of the six months' scoring 
contests, I can see nothing over which the Iowa boys need in any way feel 
discouraged. The facts are there is more reason for congratulation than 

anything else. I believe that more marked 
improvement has been made during the past 
year than in any one year before in the his- 
tory of butter making in the state. 

"We do not have to look far back for the 
time when but two or three were all we 
could expect to get in the class among the 
high scores, and they, without a knowledge 
of starters and cream ripening, were not ab- 
solutely sure. Today we have a score or more 
who thoroughly understand starters and who 
no more think of making a batch of butter 
without its use than they would think of mak- 
ing a batch without salt. 

"The six months' contest shows that, in 
addition to getting the high score in one of 
the scorings, we got three out of five cups of- 
fered ; we also got six bronze, thirty-one sil- 
ver and three gold medals. Surely this, in 
s. B. SHILLING. Mason City, view of our past record, is something to be 
Superintendent Dairy Exhibit. proud of. We now have fifty butter makers 




204 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

in the state we can pretty nearly bank on as being in the fast class and 
trotting well up to the front. It looked for a while as if Minnesota was in 
a class by herself, that she had outdistanced her competitors; but her vic- 
tory this year is by such a narrow margin that they are free to acknowl- 
edge we are in the race and a close second. Although it may not be known 
to many, in the final shake down, when but three tubs remained for first 
place out of the 500 tubs, two of them were from Iowa. 

"All of this has been brought about by a united effort on the part of all 
dairy organizations, but principally through the work of State Dairy Com- 
missioner Wright and his able assistants, Kieffer and Smarzo, and the 
dairy school at Ames. 

"We must not lose sight of or fail to appreciate the work done by 
Senator Ericson, of Boone, superintendent of the dairy department at St. 
Louis. He was indefatigable in his efforts to assist in every way possible 
to have Iowa make a good showing. While the results may be disap- 
pointing to some, I will venture the assertion that those on the inside, 
who knew what we were up against and knew the disadvantages under 
which we labored, are more than thankful for what was accomplished. 

"It must be remembered that Minnesota, our main competitor, has a 
goodly number of inspectors, and for the occasion they turned nine of 
them to creamery work. They made no secret of the fact that every 
creamery competing was visited by one of them within two weeks of the 
time the butter was made. We, on the other hand, had one up to July 1st, 
when Mr. Smarzo commenced. The results accomplished stand as a credit 
to the intelligence, the push and the energy of the Iowa butter makers. 
If they of themselves could accomplish this without any instruction, ex- 
cepting that conveyed in letters, what would have been the result if they 
could have had an object lesson from an inspector? 

"This article is not written with a view of handing the boys bouquets, 
but to bestow well merited praise and to stimulate them to renewed ef- 
forts to continue to build up the dairy Industry in the state, and this can 
only be done by raising the grade of our product. 

"It is a well known fact that a butter maker can go only so far in pro- 
ducing a fine prize-winning piece of butter. Any improvement beyond that 
point must be in the man who furnishes the milk, and he can only be 
reached by the most persistent and careful methods. The time of year 
has arrived when work should be commenced with the end in view of hav- 
ing him work in harmony with you as the butter maker. You must inter- 
est him, and I know of no way better than having creamery meetings, or, 
if it is a centralizing plant, have school house meetings. I know of places 
in Iowa where a creamery had \oted to disband. A meeting was called 
and a renewed interest was awakened, and the creamery is stronger today 
than ever before. Whi^e you, as a butter maker, can do a certain amount, 
a stranger coming in and talking to your patrons will be far more effective. 
We have lots of men in the state who are willing to do this; in fact, we 
never have had so many who were willing to work for nothing and board 
themselves for the good of the dairy industry as we have toda3\ Wright, 
Kieffer and Smarzo, unless otherwise engaged, have never failed to re- 
spond to a call cf this kind. While McKay, Larsen and Bouska are always 
willing to come for their railroad fare and entertainment: in addition to 
these Wentwortli, Anderson and a score of butter makers, along with some 
local talent, can always be secured to get up an interesting meeting for 
an afternoon or evening. 

"I wish it were possible for every butter maker in the state to know 
just how much improvement has been made by meetings of this kind. 
While you, locally, may not be able to see the improvement you might 
wish for, we who are over the state can plainly see it. Another thing; keep 
up your district meetings; you haven't enough of them. The more thor- 
oughly and better we are organized, the more we can accomplish. We 
secured more last year in the way of state aid than we have ever got be- 
fore all put together, and our organization went a long way in securing 
this." 



DAIRY DEPARTMENT. 205 

Your chairman is under special obligation to the State Dairy Com- 
missioner, H. R. Wright; Deputy Dairy Commissioner W. E. Smith, and 
his assistants, P. H. Kieffer and W. S. Smarzo, for the valuable assistance 
rendered in this work, in taking charge of the correspondence with the 
butter makers of the state, giving them advice and instructions and per- 
sonal visits as far as it was possible to do. 

The state displayed a map of large size showing the exact location of 
the 792 creameries, together with other statistics; butter produced in the 
state for 1903, 140 million pounds, of which 77 million pounds were export- 
ed from the state. We also had in the same year 1,423,348 milch cows. 

We have many cheese factories in the state, which produced in 1903 
three million, five hundred thousand pounds, but no cheese was on exhi- 
bition; neither did Iowa have any dairy butter at this exposition. 

At former expositions it had been the custom to ask the creameries 
to donate some portion of their butter to the state. This was not asked of 
them this time. The butter for each exhibit was sold and proceeds remit- 
ted to owner. 

In accordance with the rules of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 
there were four exhibits of butter for scoring in the months of June, July, 
September and October. The detailed scores, with names of exhibitors 
and prize winners, follows: 

AWARDS. 

The following prizes were awarded io Iowa exhibitors — gold medals 
for scores averaging over 96 points: 

Group 85. — Creamery Butter. — Gold Medal. 
L. S. Edwards, Arlington, 96.62; W. B. Johnson, Arlington, 96.35; S. 
W. Laird, Walker, 96.06. 

The state of Iowa received a gold medal on the excellence of its dis- 
play of ornamental butter. 

The Diamond Creamery Co., of Monticello, made an exhibit of butter 
in sealed cans and was awarded a gold medal on their exhibit. 

Silver Medal. 

Baitinger, John, Ladora. Larson, Frank L., Dows. 

Borglum, T. M., Rutland. Nelson, B. S., Swea City. 

Banta, A. B., Wheatland. Nielson, J. P., Brayton. 

Brandt, C. E., Fairbank. Peterson, L. C., Rosendale. 

Carr, Cecil E., Frederica. Ross, J. J., Iowa Falls. 

Dawson, J. F., Masonville, Soles, Byron T., Fern. 

Elder, C. D., Manchester. Spohn, A. J., Miles. 

Feldman, J. B., D^ersville. Stephenson, F. W., Dundee. 

Ford, H. E., Manley. Smith, John S., Preston. 
Forrester, H. E., Fredericksburg. Stuessi, G., Thorp. 

Gehrls, Wm., Germantown. Thuesen, Peter, Marne. 

Hansen, A. M., Northwood. Wendt, H. D., Magnolia. 

Homan, E. H., Artesian. Whelan, J. P., Elma. 

Jorgenson, Soren, Fredsville. Winter, Theo., Williamsburg. 

Ladage, H. C, Buck Creek. Wood, H. S., Mt. Pleasant. 

Bronze Medal. 

Allison, C. A., Newell. Kindberg, A., Dike. 

Bristol, G. A., Primghar. Sorenson, Peter, Exira. 

Gudvangen, Erick A., Vinge. Storwick, T. A., Lake Mills. 

Hicks, O. W., Guernsey. Thompson, S. D., Albia. 



206 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



The following are the highest scores for each of the months of the 
exhibits of creamery butter: 

June.— B. S. Nelson, Swea City, 971/^; H. D. Wendt, Magnolia, 97%. 

July. — W. B. Johnson, Arlington, 98 1/^. 

September. — W. B. Johnson, Arlington, 98 ^A; S. W. Laird, Walker, 
981/4. 

October.— F. L. Odell, Greenfield, 9SV^; H. S. Wood, Salina, 98. 



Scores in Detail. 



Name and Address. 



June. 



Allison, C. A., Newell 93 

Baitinger, C. A., Newell 94i^ 

Borglum, T. M., Rutland 94 

Bristol, G. A., Primghar 92 

Banta, A. E., Wheatland 

Brant, C. B., Fairbank 

Bryn, Geo. P., Marengo S7y2 

Baitinger, Geo. W., Victor 

Bentz, A. H., Delhi 

Binns, S., Fredericksburg 

Bracy, C. B., Maynard 

Borland, G. W., Oelwein 

Carr, Cecil E., Frederica 93 1^ 

Crabb, W. R., Greeley 

Christiansen, A., Jesup 

Crocker, H. M., Alta 

Cochrane, A., Stuart 

Dawson, A. F., Masonville 94 

Diamond Creamery Co., Monticello 

Druecher, A., Boone 

Doleschal, A. J., Bancroft 

Dostal, A. J., Protivin 

Elder, C. D., Manchester 96^^ 

Edwards, L. S., Lamont 94i^ 

Erb, R. J., Arbor Hill 

Evans, H. J., Strawberry Point 

Evans, William, Bradgate 

Feldman, J. B., Dyersville 94 1/^ 

Ford, H. E., Manly 93 

Forrester, H. E., Fredericsburg 94 

Frandsen, A. M., Stuart 

Gehrls, William, Germantown 93 

Gudvangen, Eric A., Vinje 94 

Goodenow, M. J., Correctionville 

Hanson, A. M., Northwood 93 1/^ 

Hicks, O. W., Guernsey 94 

Homan, E. H., Artesian 2QV2 

Herman, A. J., Maple Leaf 94 

Hesla, S. E., Rembrandt 

Hessel, F. W., Waterville 

Hill, L. D., Humboldt 

Johnson, W. B., Arlington 93 



Jorgenson, Soren, Fredsville 

Jensen, A., Ross 

Kindberg, A., Dike 

Kolbet, P. J., Devon 

Knudsen, C. T., Germanville 

Kinsler, E. A., Durant 

Keachie, J. L., Dexter 



95 

95 
85 



July. 

941/2 

95 

961/2 

931/2 

90 



94 
91 



93 
91 



961/2 
93 



93 
92 
941/2 

93 

901/2 

95 

901/2 
93 
95 



981/2 
941/2 

941/2 
961/2 



Sept. 

931/2 

941/2 

97 

90 

931/2 

95 



94 



921/2 



97 
951/2 



951/2 
941/2 
95 

951/2 
921/2 

96' 
93 
93 
97 



95 
92 



Oct. 

88 

92 

94 

931/2 

97 

95 

91 

941/2 

93 

90 

951/2 

93 

95 
92 
89 
91 

94 " 

89 

84 

961/2 

941/2 

93 

97 

87 

941/2 

94 Va 

94 1/2 

93 V2 

94 

93 

90 

96 

91 

93 

90 

87 

92 

931/2 

951/2 

91 

931/2 

87 

84 
89 
911^ 



DAIRY DEPARTMENT. 



207 



Name and Address. June. 

Knief, G. H., Minkler 

Koiich, H. C, Eagle Grove 

Ladage, H. C, Buck Creek 94 

Laird, S. W., Walker 961/2 

Larson, Frank L., Dows 93 1/^ 

Langquist, G. F., Saude 

Miller, J. O., Milford 94 

Meen, A. R., Holstein 

Mansager, M. J., Ellsworth 

Mills, C. L., Sumner 

Mittlestadt, E., Petersburg 

Muth, W. P., Waukon 

Mohler, D. W., Hubbard 

Mitchell, E. R., Colo 

Nelson, B. S., Swea City 94 

Nielson, J. P., Brayton 95I/2 

Nelson, P. D., Moorhead 94 

Negus, A, J., Preston 92 

Odell, F. L., Greenfield 97 

Peterson, L. C, Rosendale 93 1^ 

Pollard, L. A., Earlville 

Peterson, S., New Hampton 

Palmer, A. A., Manchester 931/2 

Ross, J. J., Iowa Falls 95 

Rosenberg, A. L., Grimes 

Reid, W. F., Marengo 

Rohde, C. J., Ryan 94i^ 

Schreiber, Fred, North Washington 93 

Sorenson, Peter, Exira 89 

Soles, Byron T., Fern 96 

Spohn, A. J., Miles 95 

Stephenson, F. W., Dundee 95 

Stolberg, Knut, Pioneer 95 

Storvick, T. A., Lake Mills 85 

Smith, John S., Preston 91 

Stuessi, G., Thorp 95 

Schulte, B. W., New Alban 

Seim, S. N., Decorah 

Sadler, T. E., Hazelton 

Schettler, H. C, Baxter 

Squires, B. 0., Manchester 

Stewart, W. F., Fontanelle 

Stover, William, Harper 

Strampe, William, Pauline 

Stratton, J. E., Curlew 

Slaughter, A., Northwood 94 

Shellman, F. W., Ayrshire 93 

Seim, Thomas W., Dscorah 

Thompson, S. D., Albia 94 

Trimble, N. H., Alden 94 

Thuessin, Peter, Marne 93 

Thuesen, P., Kimballton 

Wehling, F. H 

Wendt, H. D., Magnolia 971/2 

Whalen, J. P., Elma 91 

Winter, Theo., Williamsburg 95 

Wood, H. S., Salina 94 

Wilder, C. R., Monticello 93i^ 

Wicks, Geo., Story City 91 

Zubrod, J. M., Boyd 



July. Sept. 



94 

931/2 

931/2 

94 



971/2 
961/2 
83 
91 

94 



95 



94 

98 Vi 
951/2 



921/2 



93 
961/2 

86 



93 



951/2 



Oct. 

94 

92 

941/2 

96 

92 

92 

86 

91 

94 

901/2 

921/2 

87 

87 

96 

93 



98 U 
951/2 
89 
93 

93 



941. 



:2 



931/2 


941/2 


921/2 


961/2 


931/2 


94 


94 


951/2 


95 


94 


95 


94 


93 


94 


941/2 


931/2 


88 




961/2 


94 


951/2 


94 


94 


9 5 1/2 


931/2 


95 


941/2 

85 

88 

95 

93 

95 

92 

91% 

90 

92% 


90 






91 






911/ 


2 91 


91 


86 


931/ 


? .... 


96 


95 


931/2 


. . . 


951/ 


^ 94 


971/ 


'i 93 


84 


95 


95 


951/2 


95 


95 


93 


941/ 


'2 92 


98 


921/ 


'2 85 


91 

941/2 



208 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

It may be said in conclusion that in the four scorings, Iowa had as 
high scores as her competitors, though the average per cent was a little 
below that of her principal competitor, Minnesota, in the final summing 
up of the result as a whole. 

The fact remains, however, that Iowa maintains her reputation for 
making a high grade of creamery butter, which sells in the markets on its 
merits; and also exports more butter than any other state. 

The committee appointed by the State Dairy Association are of the 
unanimous opinion that, while it was possible to have done better, had we 
had the means at our command and a number of expert instructors ti> 
work among our creameries, we have done remarkably well when we con- 
sider that out of the $3,000 allotted to this department, $400 was expended 
on the apiary exhibit and about $740 converted back into the treasury. 
This shows a net expenditure for the dairy exhibit of $1,860. Not one dol- 
lar has been paid out for salary in* carrying on the work in this depart- 
ment. Contrast this showing with that of our principal competitor state, 
which is reported (though I cannot vouch for this) to have had seven or 
more assistant dairy commissioners employed in their state and to have 
expended more than $15,000 for the dairy exhibit. 
Respectfully submitted, 

C. J. A. ERICSON, 
Commissioner in Charge of Dairy Exhibits. 



The Dairy Cow Demonstration 

In his report to the board of directors of the Louisiana Purchase Ex- 
position, Hon. J. J. Richardson, of Davenport, Iowa, chairman of the exec- 
utive committee of the American Jersey Cattle Club, having in charge the 
the practical dairy demonstration of the Jersey cows, says: 

"The Universal Exposition at St. Louis in 1904 provided the very high- 
est kind of tribunal for officially determining how economically the prod- 
ucts of the dairy cow can be obtained under strictly specified and unques- 
tionable conditions. * * * New records have been made and a volume 
of information has been evolved in the conduct of a demonstration that 
will be of inestimable value to the dairymen in all matters pertaining to 
the breeding, feeding and care of milch cows. Exact records were kept 
officially of the weight and kind of ration fed daily to, and the product 
realized from, each cow during this, the longest continuous test of this 
character that has ever been made, and these records are presented here- 
in, forming an encyclopedia of useful and practical information concerning 
feeding and yield of milk and butter fat that can be studied to much ad- 
vantage by all interested in the dairy cow." 

The complete report of Mr. Richardson and his co-laborers is published 
by the American Jersey Club, New York. 

In this contest, "Diploma's Brown Lassie," bred by Richardson Bros., 
Davenport, Iowa, won second honors and "Diploma's Brown Bessie," bred 
by the same firm, won tenth honors in a herd of twenty-five of the greatest 




DIPLOMA'S BROWN LASSIE. 166688, 
Member of St. Louis Herd. Bred by Richardson Brothers, Davenport, Iowa. 




DIPLOMA'S BROWN BESSIE, 164887, 
Member of St. Louis Herd. Bred by Richardson Brothers, Davenport, Iowa. 



210 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



milk and butter producers in the world. "Diploma's Brown Lassie's" rec- 
ord, given as an illustration, is as follows : 

Milk.— 181 days, April 16tli to October 13th, 8,282.6 lbs.; daily average, 
45.8 lbs. 120 days, June 16th to October 13th, 5,212.7 lbs.; daily average, 
43.44 lbs. 30 days, 1,647 lbs.; daily average 54.5 lbs. 7 days, 384 lbs.; daily 
average, 55 lbs. 1 day, 58.3 lbs. 

Butter (Babcock Estimate). — 181 days, 475.25 lbs.; daily average 2.54 
lbs. 120 days, 312.292 lbs.; daily average, 2.6 lbs. 7 days, 19.7 lbs.; daily 
average, 2.81 lbs. 1 day, 3.65 lbs. 

Net profit for 120 days, $47.87. 

The following is the record for "Diploma's Brown Bessie" : 

Milk.— 171 days, April 25th to October 13th, 7,312.6 lbs.; daily average, 
42.8 lbs. 120 days, June 16th to October 13th, 5,095.6 lbs.; daily average, 
42.5 lbs. 30 days, 1,378 lbs.; daily average, 45.93 lbs. 7 days, 358.1 lbs ; 
daily average, 48.3 lbs. 1 day, 50.7 lbs. 

Butter (Babcock Estimate). — 171 days, 401.39 lbs.; daily average, 2.35 
lbs. 120 days, 286.7 lbs.; daily average, 2.32 lbs. 30 days, June 29th to July 
29th, 74.06 lbs.; daily average, 2.47 lbs. 7 days, July 23d to July 31st, 17.69 
lbs.; daily average 2.53 lbs. 1 day, July 9th, 2.87 lbs. 

Net profit for 120 days, $42.08. 

At the end of the first seventy days, "Diploma's Brown Lassie" was in 
the lead. The butter records of either of these cows excel the records of 
the best at the Columbian tests. 

"Brown Lassie" was a young cow, had scarcely reached maturity, 
while the cow that finished first was about eight years old. No other Jer- 
sey cow in the history of Iowa has equaled her record. 




PALACE OF EDUCATION. 



DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE. 



211 



Department of Horticulture 



To Hon. William Larrabee, President Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
Commission of Iowa. 

Dear Sir — Iowa has long been noted for its fine fruits and especially 
for fruits of peculiarly fine flavor. It cannot be said of Iowa that the pro- 
cess of agricultural pursuits made her "blossom as the rose." Iowa, long 

before her green carpet had been 
touched by the plowshare, was noted 
for her fine, rich, blue stem grass and 
plants of all kinds, and especially for 
the great variety of wild flowers and 
vast quantities of wild fruits, such as 
plums, grapes, blackberries, raspber- 
ries, gooseberries and strawberries, 
and all these were remarkable for fine 
flavor and richness of color. If the soil 
of Iowa in an uncultivated state would 
bring such fruit, what might be expect- 
ed under cultivation and the skill of 
men versed in horticulture in all its de- 
partments? Iowa made her first ex- 
hibit of fruits of any note at the Cen- 
tennial Exposition at Philadelphia in 
1876; the next at the Cotton Exposition 
at New Orleans in 1884; the next at 
the Columbian Exposition at Chicago 
in 1893, and again at the Trans-Missis- 
sippi Exposition at Omaha in 1898. At 
all these expositions Iowa won distinction for her exhibits of large varie- 
ties of fine fruits, winning prizes of all kinds at Chicago and also at 
Omaha. However great her former efforts in horticulture were, it re- 




*COMR. S. BAILEY, M. D. Mt. Ayr. 



*Commissioner Samuel Bailey, M. D., Mt. Ayr, Iowa, physician and sur- 
geon; born September 1, 1851, in Rock Island County, Illinois. His father 
was a farmer. After receiving a good academic education at Riverside In- 
stitute, Lyons, Iowa, Dr. Bailey studied and graduated in medicine and sur- 
gery from Rush Medical College, Chicago, February 25th, 1879. He lo- 
cated at Mt. Ayr the same year, practicing continuously up to the present 
time. He is a prominent member of the State Medical Society and was a 
member of the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association 
for the year 1903 at New Orleans, and 1904 at Atlantic City. Dr. Bailey 
was Coroner of Ringgold County for ten years and was Mayor of Mt. Ayr 
during the years 1898, 1899 and 1900. He was appointed a member of the 
board of Iowa Commissioners to the Louisiana Purhase Exposition, De- 
cember 18, 1902, and was selected as Commissioner of Iowa's department 
of horticulture. Dr. Bailey was married April 7, 1887, to Miss Julia Mer- 
rill, of Mt. Ayr. 




O 

^£ 

O o. 
hi tn 



DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE. 



213 



mained for all to be far excelled at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at 
St. Louis in 1904. In December, 1902, the Iowa Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
sition Commission assigned the department of horticulture to the writer, 
and in a short time preparations were made to make Iowa's part in horti- 
culture a great success. The Iowa State Horticultural Society met in an- 
nual session in the winter of 1902, and at that session it took up the ques- 
tion of the St. Louis exposition and what Iowa should do in horticulture. 
The society selected one of their members, Mr. Silas Wilson, of Atlantic, 
Iowa, as the person to act as the superintendent of horticulture at St. 
Louis, and so recommended to the Commission. Mr. Wilson was selected 
as the superintendent. Early in the summer of 1903, the work of selecting 
and gathering fruit for the coming exposition was begun. Mr. Wilson 
traveled over the greater part of the state, laying plans for the collecting 
of fruit. In the fall of 1903 there were gathered from all parts of Iowa 

about 700 bushels of as choice apples as the 
state produced, and it is well known that 
1903 was a very poor year for apples in Iowa. 
These 700 bushels were temporarily put in 
cold storage in Des Moines, and about Janu- 
ary 1, 1904, were shipped in special cars to 
St. Louis and put in permanent cold storage. 
In the early part of 1904 the chairman of hor- 
ticulture sslected Mr. J. W. Murphy, of Glen- 
wood, Iowa, to be the director of exhibit for 
Iowa at the St. Louis Exposition, and some 
weeks later the chairman. Superintendent 
Wilson and Director of Exhibit Murphy se- 
lected Mr. C. O. Garret, of Hastie, Iowa, to be 
assistant superintendent. The chairman of 
the department of horticulture was early not- 
ified by the St. Louis Exposition committee 
that all states which had space in the Hor- 
ticulture Building would be compelled to have their exhibits ready by open- 
ing day, April 30, 1904. 

A space of 2,500 square feet, in a good location, was assigned to Iowa 
in the Horticulture Building. Suitable apparatus for exhibit purposes was 
placed in the Iowa space, and ten days previous to the opening day the 
superintendent, director of exhibit and assistant superintendent went to 
St. Louis and began the work of installing the fruit that had been put in 
cold storage, part of it six months before, and it was found the fruit was 
in excellent condition, and on opening day Iowa had her exhibit ready and 
in good order, and was the finest exhibit shown on opening day. 

The cold storage fruit was used from the opening day till the early 
summer apples began coming in, and then the shipping in of all kinds of 
fruit from aJl parts of Iowa was kept up continuously until the close of the 
fair, and on the last day the tables and plates in Iowa's ssction in the Hor- 




SILAS WILSON, Atlantic, 
Supt. Horticulture Exhibit. 



214 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 




J. W. MURPHY, Glenwood, 
Director Horticultural Exhibit. 



ticulture Building fairly groaned under the 
weight of the finest display of apples ever 
shown. The whole department of horticul- 
ture was then turned over to the Board of 
Control, and by that body was packed, 
shipped back to Iowa, exhibited a few days 
at the Capitol building, and then distributed 
to some of the state institutions. 

Much credit must be given the fruit 
growers and horticulturists of Iowa for the 
patriotic way in which they supplied this de- 
partment in St, Louis, There was exhibited 
at St. Louis in the Iowa department of hor- 
ticulture the following numbers and varie- 
ties of fruits: 

Apples, 312; plums, 54; cherries, 8; rasp- 
berries, 5; currants, 3; gooseberries, 5; 
pears, 70. 
Iowa won prizes as follows: 

Grand prize on display of fruit; grand prize on installation; eight gold 
medals; forty-two silver medals; thirty-three bronze medals. 

Medals were awarded Messrs. Silas Wilson, J, W. Murphy and C. O. 
Garret for the manner in which the exhibit was kept. 

The following persons, residing in Iowa and being Iowa fruit growers, 
contributed fruit to the Iowa department of horticulture at St, Louis: 

W. C. Haviland, Fort Dodge; C. G, Patten, Charles City; C. L, Watrous, 
Des Moines; Dr, Geo, Mogridge, Glenwood; Dr. J. D, Brownson, Monona. 
The gladiolas and dahlias which formed 
such a handsome feature of the horticulture 
exhibit, were from Mrs. O. B. Stevens, florist, 
Shenandoah. The Iowa exhibit was the first 
and best in this line, and probably attracted 
more attention than any other one thing in 
the floral department. 

AWARDS. 
Group 107. 
Grand Prize. — Fruit. — State of Iowa, 
Gold Medal. — Apples and Grapes. — Polk 
County, Iowa. 

Fruit— C. O. Garrett, Hastie; M. J. 
Wragg, Waukee. 

Apples, — F. O. Harrington, Williams- 
burg; D, C. Moffett, Corning. 
Silver Medal. — Apples — 




C. O. GARRETT, Hastie, 
Asst. Supt. Horticulture Exhibit. 



Ayers, H. F., Wilton Junction. 
Brownson, Dr. J. D., Monona. 
Clute, L. G., Manchester. 
Eacrett, C, B., Strahan. 
Evans, E, H,, Onawa. 



Everingham, A., Glenwood. 
Finch, C. C, Knoxville. 
Garrett, Chas., Mitchellville. 
Graham, M. J., Adel. 
Haviland, W. C, Fort Dodge. 



DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE. 



215 



Horn, H, N., Hillsboro. 
fvins, G. A., Iowa Falls. 
Johnson, N. C. A., Glenwood. 
Kearns, Alex., Glenwood. 
Lotspeich, D. W., Woodbine. 
Matthews, B. A., Knoxville. 
McCoy, H. D., Knoxville. 
Mills County, Glenwood. 
Mitchell, J. B., Cresco. 
Parsons, M. L., Irvington. 
Pigeon, D. A., New Providence. 

Plums — 
Howell, E., South Des Moines. Ivins, G. A., Iowa Falls. 

Iowa Agricultural College, Ames. Snyder, S. W., Center Point. 

Gooseberries. — Dr. J. D. Brownson, Monona. 

Grapes. — E. Howell, South Des Moines. 

Cherries. — Dr. W. Lotspeich, Woodbine; W. E. AVragg, Waukee. 

Pears — 



Proudfit, J. J., Altoona. 
Reigler, Mathias, Specht's Ferry. 
Speer, R. P., Cedar Falls. 
Schwaller, A., Burlington. 
Shontz, B., Correctionville. 
Snyder, S. W., Center Point. 
Stuart, B., Ivy. 
Wellons, J. F., Hartford. 
Wragg, W. E., Waukee. 
Wren, James, Knoxville. 



Horn, H. N., Hillsboro. 
Matthews, B. A., Knoxville. 

McGinnis, J., Griswold. 
Moore, D. S., Castana. 
Murphy, J. W., Glenwood. 
Patten, C. G., Charles City. 
Persons, J. B., Runnells. 
Price, Chas. D., Ruthven. 
Snow, Herman, Blakesburg. 
Stacy, Elmer, Glenwood. 
Tippie, Mrs. S. R., Hastie. 
Watson, A. C, Albia. 
Waterman, J. L., Glenwood. 
White, Chas. W., Brooks. 
Winfrey, T. H., Hastie. 



Garrett, Chas., Mitchellville. 
Graham, M. J., Adel. 

Bronze Medal. — Apples — 
Bordner, W. E., Onawa. 
Clemens, L. A., Storm Lake. 
Degenhard, John, Iowa City. 
Des Moines County, Burlington. 
Dyer, C. H., Glenwood. 
Flynn, L. E., Runnells, 
Forster, John, Albia. 
Garrett, A. L., Altoona. 
Gaylord, Edson, Nora Springs. 
Hiatt, S. L., Peru. 
Johnson County, Iowa City. 
La Fevre, L., Earlville. 
Lattimer, L. B., Shenandoah, 
Martin, Herman, Mt. Ayr. 

Grapes. — Alex. Wood, Council Bluffs. 
Peaches. — J. P. Jackson, Glenwood, 

Pears. — James J. Jackson, Mt. Pleasant; W. F. Lara way, Glenwood; 
Des Moines County. 

Fruit. — O. C. Dickens, Hedrick. 
Plums— C. G. Blodgett, Mt. Pleasant. 

EXHIBITORS. 



The following is a list of the 
Ayers, H. F., Wilton Junction. 
Blodgett, C. G., Mt. Pleasant. 
Bordner, W. E., Onawa. 
Bristow Nursery Co., Bristow. 
Brownson, Dr. J. D., Monona. 
Chapman, W. B., Blakesburg, 
Clemens, L. A., Storm Lake. 
Clute, L. G., Manchester. 
Dagenhard, John, Iowa City. 
Darby, J. M., Northboro. 
Des Moines County. 
Dickens, O. C, Hedrick. 
Dyer, C. H., Glenwood. 
Eacrett, E. E., Strahan. 



names of exhibitors at the exposition; 
Evans, E. H., Onawa. 
Everingham, A., Glenwood. 
Ferris, John C, Hampton. 
Finch, C. C, Knoxville. 
Fletcher, J. A., Shenandoah. 
Fletcher, J. A., Farragut. 
Flowers, D. M., Corning. 
Flynn, L. E., Runnells. 
Forster, John, Albia. 
Garrett, C. O., Hastie. 
Garrett, A. L., Altoona. 
Garrett, Charles, Mitchellville. 
Gaylord, Edson, Nora Springs. 
Graham, M. J., Adel. 



216 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Harrington, P. O., Williamsburg. 
Haviland, W. C, Fort Dodge. 
Hawn, J. W., Trenton. 
Hiatt, S. L., Peru. 
Horn, H. N., Hillsboro. 
Howell, E., Des Moines. 
Huntington, H., Knoxville. 
Ivins, G. A., Iowa Falls. 
Jackson, J. J., Mt. Pleasant. 
Jackson, J. P., Glenwood. 
Jay, James, Mt. Pleasant. 
Jenens, J. C, Moorehead. 
Jensen, Lewis, Des Moines. 
Johnson, N. C. A., Glenwood. 
Johnson Gounty. 
Kearns, Alexander, Glenwood. 
Laraway, W. F., Glenwood. 
Lattimer, L. B., Shenandoah. 
Le Fevre, A., Earlville. 
Leonard, D., Corning. 
Lierlis, Wm., Norwalk. 
Ling, Phillip, Sheldon. 
Lotspeich, D. W., Woodbine. 
Mason, Charles, Tipton. 
Martin, Herman, Mt. Ayr. 
Matthews, B. A., Knoxville. 
McCoy, H. D., Knoxville. 
McGinnis, James, Griswold. 
Mills County. 
Mitchell, J. B., Cresco. 
Moffett, D. E., Corning. 
Moore, D. S., Castana. 



Murphy, J. W., Glenwood. 
Nixon, J. A., Stockport, 
Parsons, M. De L., Irvington. 
Patten, C. G., Charles City. 
Persons, J. B., Runnells. 
Pidgeon, D. A., New Providence, 
Polk County. 
Price, C. L., Ruthven. 
Proudfit, J. J., Altoona. 
Reighard, Jo., Agency. 
Reigler, Mat, Specht's Ferry, 
Schwaller, A., Burlington, 
Shontz, B., Correction ville. 
Snow, Herman, Blakesburg. 
Snyder, S. W., Center Point. 
Speer, R. P., Cedar Falls. 
Stacy, Elmer, Glenwood. 
State Institute, Glenwood. 
State Agricultural College, Ames. 
Stevens, Mrs. O. B., Shenandoah. 
Stuart, B., Altoona. 
Tipple, Mrs. S. R., Hastie. 
Waterman, J. L., Glenwood. 
Watrous, C. L., Des Moines. 
Watson, A. C, Albia. 
White, Charles, Corning. 
Winfrey, T. H., Hastie. 
Wood, Alexander, Council Bluffs. 
Wragg, W. E., Waukee. 
Wragg, M. J., Waukee. 
Wren, James, Knoxville. 



Respectfully submitted, 

SAMUEL BAILEY, M. D., 
Commissioner in Charge of Horticulture. 



THE FRUIT EXHIBIT AT THE WORLD'S FAIR. 

(From "The Apple Specialist," Quincy, Illinois, July, 1905. Read before 
the American Association of Nurserymen, at West Baden, Indiana, by 
Wm. Stark, of Louisiana, Missouri.) 

"As to the exhibits made by the various states, it is hard to draw com- 
parisons. Some having a great deal more money than others, easily took 
the lead in amount of space and elaboration of installation. In direct con- 
trast were others with smaller appropriations and where installation was 
not considered. Notable among the latter was Iowa, which, with an appro- 
priation of less than $10,000, probably received more compliments and 
higher recommendation for her magnificent fruit exhibit than any other 
state in the Louisiana Purchase. This was the result of the loyalty of 
Iowa fruit growers, wbo gave freely of their best products, and, what was 
of more importance, took the trouble to pack and ship them without wait- 
ing for someone to do it for them. With a larger appropriation, and under 
the direction of the same men, Hon. Silas Wilson and J. W. Murphy, Iowa, 
with her correctly named and perfect specimens of apples, exhibited in all 
their natural beauty, would to a much greater extent have astonished the 
visitors." 



INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITS. 



217 



Manufactures and Machinery 



One of the first resolutions passed by the Commission was to the ef- 
fect that a special effort should be put forth in the collecting and install- 
ing of an industrial exhibit representing the manufacturing industries 
from the state of Iowa at the exposition. At the Chicago Exposition no 
special effort had been made along this line, the total expenditure in this 
department being $11.39. 

Hon. S. M. Leach was made Commissioner in charge of manufactures 
and machinery and varied industries of every kind. 

In trying to organize for his exhibits he met with many discourage- 
ments, and in the absence of any state organization of the manufacturers, 
found the exploitation along this line exceedingly difficult. Mr. Leach at 
first thought it would be possible to conduct his department without the 
aid of a superintendent, but later found this impracticable. 

The secretary, at the direction of the Commission, took up a line of 
correspondence with the manufacturers of the state. At the meeting of 




Fisher Governor Company, Marshalltown. 
Block 42. Aisle 7, Machinery Palace. 






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P CO 

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O 5 

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INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITS. 



219 



the Commission held December 18, 1902, Mr. E. D. Brigham, State Labor 
Commissioner, was present, and being called upon, stated that at the re- 
quest of the secretary of the Commission he had been calling the atten- 
tion of manufacturers of Iowa to the importance to them and to the state 
of making a creditable exhibit at the World's Fair. He said that it was 
his duty to make factory inspections and he had very gladly taken up this 
additional work because he thought it highly important that such indus- 
tries be brought to the attention of the world, and Iowa's advantages in 
coal, water power and markets shown up. He said that it had been the 
practice to pay the expenses of the exhibits made in agriculture, horticul- 
ture, stock, etc., at former expositions, while manufacturers were left to 
pay not only their own expenses to and from and while there, but space 
rent as well. He thought all industries should be put on the same basis 
and that manufacturers be encouraged. He called attention to the Du- 
buque ship yards, the largest in the west, the pearl button factories, and 
the many other excellent factories of which very little was known. He 
thought the way to induce capital to invest in Iowa industrial plants was 
to show up those already here and the advantages we have in coal, power, 
transportation facilities- and markets. 

The fact that Iowa ranks fifteenth in manufacturing concerns, large 
and small, was a showing that should certainly be recognized and stimu- 
lated at such time as this. Mr. Brigham was very helpful and assisted 




Bettendorf Axle Company. Davenport. 
Aisles K and 4, Palace of Transportation. 



220 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



the secretary in compiling a list of Iowa manufacturers and sending them 
letters and literature urging an exhibit at the exposition. 

Mr. Brigham and the secretary attended a number of industrial meet- 
ings and presented the work and possibilities of manufacturers. 

In a conference it became evident that little could be accomplished 
unless the united effort on the part of manufacturers could be effected. 
For this reason, a meeting of manufacturers was called at the World's 
Fair headquarters, state fair grounds, during the fair of 1903, and an or- 
ganization was permanently effected. 

Commissioner Leach selected Mr. A. C. Hutchins as superintendent of 
the department of manufactures and machinery, and the manufacturers 
co-operating at this meeting selected Mr. Hutchins for their secretary. An 
effort was made all along the line, resulting in a very creditable showing 
of Iowa's industries at St. Louis. Cuts of a number of these appear 
in this report. A very creditable showing was made in the manufactures' 
booth, which contained many samples of industrial material. 

The State Manufacturers' Association, at their annual meeting, adopt- 
ed resolutions giving the Iowa Commission full credit for its organization 
and electing Mr. Leach to honorary membership. 




Herrick Refrigerator Company, Waterloo. 
Palace of Ag"riculture. 



INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITS. 



221 



Report of Commissioner Leach 

To Hon. William Larrabee, President Louisiana Purchase Exposition 

Commission of Iowa. 

Dear Sir — I have the honor to 
herewith submit a report of the de- 
partment of manufactures and ma- 
chinery, prepared by the superin- 
tendent of the department. 

I desire to express my apprecia- 
tion of the hearty co-operation given 
me and my department in bringing 
out the importance of making an in- 
dustrial exhibit at the exposition. 

While these exhibits do not 
reach the number hoped for, at the 
same time, considering that at pre- 
vious expositions practically no effort 
had been made to bring out this 
branch of our industry, so important 
to the welfare of the state, I feel 
amply repaid for the time and labor 
employed. 

I also desire to thank Mr. E. D. 
Brigham, Commissioner of Labor, 
for his valuable assistance. 
Respectfully submitted, 

S. M. LEACH," 
Commissioner in Charge of Manufactures, Machinery, Varied Industries 
and Liberal Arts. 




*COMR. S. M. LEACH. Adel. 



*Commissioner S. M. Leach was born September 18, 1850, in St. Clair 
County, Illinois, and removed to Iowa with his parents in 1855. He began 
business life by learning the printer's trade, which he followed for several 
years. In 1875 he became editor and publisher of the "Osceola Sentinel,'' 
which he conducted until 1881, when he removed to Adel and established 
the Adel State Bank, which institution he has since managed. He was 
chairman of the Dallas County Republican Central Committee seven years 
and was four years a member of the Republican State Central Committee, 
representing the Seventh Congressional District, and has held numerous 
local positions of trust. He was appointed a member of the Preliminary 
Commission to the St. Louis Exposition, and was chairman of the sub-com- 
mittee to draft a report to the Governor, upon which the law establishing 
the permanent Commission was based. He was appointed a member of 
the permanent Commission and served as its treasurer; also served as 
member of the building and executive committees, and was Commissioner 
in charge of Iowa's manufacturing and machinery exhibits. He is the 
"father" of the Iowa State Manufacturers' Association. Mr. Leach was 
married June 21, 1877, to Miss Jennie Stivers, of Osceola. They have two 
children — Mrs. Helen Leach Whitley, of Spirit Lake, and Robert, a stu- 
dent at Iowa College, Grinnell. 



222 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Report of the Superintendent 

To Hon. S. M. Leach, Chairman Department of Manufactures and Machin- 
ery, Iowa Commission, Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 
Dear Sir — In submitting my report, I wish to say that the Iowa Com- 
mission, realizing that Iowa is one of the most prominent states of the 
Louisiana Purchase, desired to have every industry in this state shown to 

its best advantage. 

Your superintendent began work about 

July 1, 1903, the secretary of the Commis- 
sion, assisted by Commissioner of Labor, Mr. 
E. D. Brigham, having given much valuable 
assistance up to this time in preparing a 
complete list of the manufacturers of the 
state and getting into communication with 
them. This, of course, lightened that part of 
my duties, and I at once set about to visit 
and personally acquaint myself with the 
manufacturers of the state, with a view of 
interesting them in making an exhibit of 
their factory products at the exposition. 

There being no state organization of any 
kind, such as is found among the agricultur- 
ists, horticulturists and dairymen and stock 
raisers, and the manufacturers themselves 
being ignorant of the magnitude of their in- 




DR. A. C. HUTCHINS. 
Svipt. Manufacturing- Exhibit. 




Bettendorf Axle Company, Davenport. Block 24, Aisle F, Palace of Agriculture. 



INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITS. 



223 



terests at that time, when asked to make exhibits, invariably replied that 
there was no use to attempt to compete with the eastern factories. 

Some of them, however, took hold with willing hands and at no small 
expenses aided the Commission to make a creditable showing, as the ap- 
pended list of exhibitors will show. A few responded from the desire to 
advertise more extensively; others incurred the expense as a matter of 
state pride. Either motive was commendable, however, and as a result, the 
evidence of this industry in Iowa could be seen in almost every exhibition 
palace on the fair grounds. 

In this connection, I cannot refrain from giving some of our experi- 
ence while in the field for exhibitors. 

Mr. T. D. Foster, of the Morrell Packing Co., of Ottumwa, said, when 
asked what the Morrell people would do in this direction, "We do not need 
the advertising. * * * Our orders are already more than we can fill. 
For years our goods have been sent to all parts of the globe, but we will 
show that Iowa has one plant that can take care of at least one of its raw 
products." 




Iowa Dairy Separator Company, Walerloo- 
Block 72, Palace of Agriculture. 



224 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 




The T. M. Sinclair Company, of Cedar 
Rapids, who do a general slaughtering and 
packing business, at the same time came for- 
ward and made known their disposition to 
aid the Commission from a similar motive. 
Both of these large independent packing 
companies have grown up on Iowa soil from 
small butcher shops, and have not only the 
means but the goods to show that Iowa- 
raised hogs and cattle may be slaughtered 
as well in Iowa as in Omaha, Chicago or Kan- 
sas City. Visitors at the fair who made the 
rounds of the large Palace of Agriculture, no 
doubt saw these two most creditable exhibits, 
the only ones of the kind from any of the 
states of the Louisiana Purchase. In addi- 
tion to the individual exhibits that were se- 
cured by this department, the Iowa Commis- 
sion endeavored to make an exhibit of two of its largest industries, for 
which, for various reasons, individual exhibitors could not be secured. 
This consisted of an exhibit of clay and shell products. The lack of funds 



y 



xi 



EDWARD D. BRIGHAM, 
State Labor Commissioner. 



W^^^^^^/JlkWJ^A 







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\ •■> KEOKUK, S0W/3k. -^ - 



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Scott Manufacturing- Company, Keokuk. 
Block 20-F, Palace of Mines and Metallurgy. 



INDUSTRIAI. EXHIBITS. 225 

at the disposal of the Commission rendered it impossible to make this ex- 
hibit as large as wished, yet the exhibit was unique in that there was not 
another one similar to it in the Manufactures Building. 

Perhaps some apology should be made for the clay exhibit, inasmuch 
as the collection of brick and tile was made at the time of year when the 
yards were practically all sold out, and before the spring work opened up. 
A goodly number of the brick and tile men all over the state responded 
to the request and at their own expense forwarded to us the number of 
samples wished, each sample being properly labeled for the benefit of vis- 
itors. 

Mr. Frank Koeckeritz, of Muscatine, Iowa, furnished the collection 
of shells, consisting of baroques, pearls, shell jewelry, rough shells, from 
the Mississippi River; also button blanks, partly finished buttons, and 
mother-of-pearl buttons, and tools used in this work, all of which made an 
interesting collection. In this connection it should be said that Mr. J. F. 
Boepple, of Davenport, is the pioneer in Iowa of the pearl button industry. 




C. E. Locke Manufacturing- Companj-, Kensetl. Block 13, Aisle D, Palace of Liberal Arts. 



226 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



The exhibit of the Uhited States Gypsum 
Company rightfully belongs to our state, as 
50 per cent of the 98 per cent of the staff and 
plaster furnished on the exposition grounds 
by that company came from the quarries and 
mills at Fort Dodge. The Gypsum Company 
contributed liberally to the Iowa exhibits 
both in the manufactures and mineral depart- 
ments. 

The location of the brick and tile exhibit 
in the Manufactures Building was Block 2-A. 
The location of this booth was ideal, being 
near the main entrance to the building and 
near the Lin dell or main entrance to the 
JOHN M. PALMER. Mt.Pie^sant. S^^ounds. A great many Iowa people visited 

Supt. Mineral and Manufacturers this bOOth. 

Exhibit. rpj^g brick, tile and other pottery ware in 

this exhibit could not be entered for individ- 
ual award, but as a collective exhibit was awarded a silver medal by the 
International Jury of Awards. 





Ivouden Machinery Company, Fairfield. 
P. lock 27, Aisle H. Palace of Agrriculture. 



INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITS. 



227 



Following is a list of the contributors in this department: 

American Brick and Tile Co., Mason City, brick, tile and building 
blocks. 

Boone Tile and Paving Co., Boone, paving brick and drain pipe. 

Carter, S. O., Sidney, brick and tile. 

Corey Pressed Brick Co., Lehigh, pressed brick and fancy moulded 
brick. 

Curtis, J. C, Red Oak, brick and tile. 

Dale Brick Co., Des Moines, pressed brick, 

Davenport Paving Brick and Pipe Co., Davenport. 

Fort Dodge Stoneware Co., Fort Dodge, jugs, jars, crockery ware, etc. 

Granite Brick Co., Clinton, samples of sand-lime brick. 

Harris & Chamberlain, Adel, brick and tile. 

Harris, L. M., Rockford, brick and tile. 

Heidenrich, F. W., Hedrick, brick, tile and building blocks. 

Heidenrick, F. W., Iowa Falls, brick and tile. 

Iowa Brick Co., Des Moines, paving brick, building blocks, flower 
vases, conduits, etc. 

Kornmeyer Bros., Decorah, brick and tile. 

Liscomb Brick and Tile Co., Liscomb, Iowa, brick and tile, building 
blocks. 




Adams Company. Dubuque. 
Metal Pavilion. Block 73, Aisle G, Mines and Metallurgy Building. Also Foundry Gulch. 



228 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Mason City Brick and Tile Co., Mason City, brick, tile, building blocks 
and conduits, 

McHose Bros,, Grinnell, brick and tile. 
Ostdick, H. B., Ottumwa, brick and tile. 
Payton, James, Centerville, brick and tile. 
Pella Drain Tile Co., Pella, brick and tile. 

Piatt Pressed and Fire Brick Co., Van Meter, samples of pressed brick. 
Raney Bros., Fairfield, brick and tile. 
Russell, J, N., Storm Lake, brick and tile. 
Union Brick Yards, Dawson, brick and tile. 
Villisca Brick and Tile Co., Villisca, brick and tile. 
Respectfully submitted, 

A. C. HUTCHINS, Superintendent. 



INDIVIDUAL EXHIBITORS. 

Iowa's Industrial Showing Attracts Attention. 

The showing made by the individual industrial exhibitors was merito- 
rious throughout and reflected great credit upon the state. The following 




lyce Broom and Duster Company, Davenport. 
Exterior. Block 3-B, 39 E St, and 40 F St„ Palace of Manufacturers. 



INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITS. 



229 



is tho. list, showing the firm exhibiting, location, cost of installation and 
cost of maintaining, as furnished to the Commission by exhibitors: 

Geo. H. Adams & Son, Sidney, Iowa. — Block 10, Forestry Building. — 
Exhibit consisted of specimens of taxidermy. 

Adams Company, of Dubuque. — Metal Pavilion, Block 73, Aisle G„ 
Mines and Metallurgv Building. — Also a metal pavilion. It was a model 
f(Jundry, complete^, and the first of its kind ever held at an exposition. 
From August 15 to the close of the fair this foundry demonstrated in a 
practical way, melting 2,000 pounds of metal, which was poured into sand 
moulds and castings made therefrom. It was equipped with modern ma- 
chinery, including six complete types of moulding machines, fitted with 
patterns and flasks, and practical demonstrations were given each day. In 
addition a full line of snap flasks, grinding machines and exhaust tumbling 
mills. It required four men to look after the exhibit. Cost of installation, 
$1,500; maintaining, $2,062.65. Gold medal. 

Barnes, G. W., Boone. — Exhibit of mineral M^ater in Agriculture 
Building. Silver medal. 

Burg Wagon Company, Burlington. — Block 28, Aisle H., Palace of Ag- 
riculture. — The wagon on exhibition was the famous Columbian Exposition 
wagon, made of nickel mountings and finished in white, costing in the 




Interior. 



Lee Broom and Duster Company, Davenport. 
Block 3-B, 39 E St. and 40 F St., Palace of Manufactures, 



230 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



neighborhood of $2,000. At the close of the fair the Burg Company donat- 
ed this wagon to the Iowa Corn Growers' Association, who, in turn, of- 
fered it as a prize to the person raising the best 100 ears of corn for the 
year 1904, The generosity of the company has won for it much favorable 
comment. Cost of installation, $100; maintaining, $500. Gold medal. 

Beck & Sons, Cedar Rapids. — Aisle 4, Post 225, Palace of Transporta- 
tion. — Exhibit consisted of a fine line of omnibuses, surreys, surreyettes 
and wagonettes. Cost of installation, $125; maintaining, $315. Gold medal. 

Bettendorf Axle Company, Davenport. — Aisles B and 4, Palace of 
Transportation. — The wagon made by this firm is the only one of its kind 
manufactured. The principal parts being made of steel, the life of the 
gear is more than doubled. It is adapted to all climates, as gears will not 
rot, dry out or shrink, and, being riveted instead of bolted, cannot get 
loose and rattle. Gold medal. 

Also a fine exhibit of wagons and farm trucks in the Palace of Agri- 
culture, including the Little Giant corn cutter, worked by foot treadle and 
designed to cut ear corn into short pieces for stock feed; capacity, 30 to 
40 bushels an hour. Grand prize. 

Caward, R. S., Cresco. — Block 28, Aisle C, Palace of Agriculture. — 
Exhibiting the Faultless grub and stump puller machine, claimed to be the 




Sirclair Packing- Company, Cedar Rapids. 
Block 104, Palace of Agriculture. 



INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITS. 



231 



only machine on the market winding cable down instead of up and cross- 
ing itself, saving enough in wear of cable to pay for itself if used exten- 
sively. Cost of installation, $100; maintaining, $200. Silver medal. 

Cement Block Machinery Company, of Burlington. — Mines and Metal- 
lurgy Building. — Consisting of moulds for the manufacture of cement 
building blocks. Cost of Installation, $300; maintaining, $1,000. Gold 
medal. 

Dodd & Struthers, Des Moines. — Block 39, Aisle S., Palace of Electric- 
ity. — Exhibit of X-Ray machines and electrical appliances, including a 
daily exhibition of the use of lightning rods during a severe electrical 
storm. Cost of installation, $900; maintaining, $3,500. Highest in the 
class. Bronze medal. 

Dunham, C. A. & Co., Marshall- 
town. — Block 45, Aisle G-2, Palace 
of Machinery. — Exhibiting the Dun- 
ham steam traps, used on heating 
and power plants, and other steam 
appliances. Exposition Company in- 
stalled and maintained same. 
Bronze medal. 

Economy Rug Company, Daven- 
port.— Block 25, 140 E. Street, Var- 
ied Industries Building. — Consist- 
ing of rug machinery of latest pat- 
tern, and of their own manufacture. 
Cost of installation, $400; maintain- 
ing, $1,000. Gold medal. 
Fort Madison and Appanoose Stone Company, of Fort Madison. — 
Block 2-B, Corridor, Palace of Mines and Metallurgy. — An exhibit of stone, 
making a specialty of dolomite stone. Cost of installation, $200; main- 
taining, $100. Bronze medal. 




DUNHAM STEAM TRAP. 




R. S. Caward. Cresco. 
Block 28 Aisle C. Palace of Agriculture. 



INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITS. 



233 



Fisher Governor Company, Marshalltown. — Block 42, Aisle 7, Palace of 
Machinery. — Exhibiting water cocks, valves, steam pump governors, regu- 
lators. Installed and maintained by Exposition Company. Gold medal. 

Fish Bros. Manufacturing Company, Clinton. — Block 9, Aisle H., Pal- 
ace of Agriculture. — Consisting of farm and mountain v^agons used in 
central, southern and western states, including one regular farm wagon 
made for use in the Mississippi and Missouri valley territory, finished In 
white; one Indiana, Kentucky and Tennessee wagon, with wide tire and 
low wheels; one eastern Texas or cotton wagon, used in Arkansas, Louis- 
iana and Texas, and one Georgia one-horse wagon, one mountain wagon 
and one new La Belle thimble skein farm wagon, the latter embodying 
many new features of unusual merit. Cost of installation, $2,229.10; main- 
taining, $426.51. Gold medal. 

Geisler & Co., Muscatine. — Aisle 4, Post 225, Palace of Transportation. 




Nichols Manufacturing- Company, Ottumwa. 
Block 8-A. 5th and C Streets, Varied Industries. 



234 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Herrick Refrigerator Company, Waterloo. — Dairying Department, Ag- 
riculture Building. — Exhibiting the Herrick specialties, including Herrick 
Grand, which is new style, round, seamless corners and top of most beauti- 
ful design, lined with white opal plate glass, extra heavy wall, thoroughly 
insulated. Cost of installation, $850; maintaining, $1,050. Gold medal. 

Iowa Dairy Separator Company, Waterloo. — Block 72, Palace of Agri- 
culture. — Exhibiting cream separators. Gold medal. 

Locke, C. E., Manufacturing Company, Kensett. — Block 13, Aisle D., 
Palace of Liberal Arts. — Exhibiting the Locke adder, about the size of a 
legal envelope and half an inch thick, made of metal, light in weight. The 
machine is not limited to addition, but is used also for subtraction, multi- 
plication and division. Also exhibiting an adjustable table, which, by 
means of a designed clamp and universal joint, can be secured to almost 
any surface. Cost of installation, $600; maintaining, $600. 

Lee Broom and Duster Company, Davenport. — Block 3-B, 39 E. Street 




Dodd & Struthers, Des Moines. 
Block 39, Aisle S, Palace of Electricity. 



INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITS. 



235 



and 40 F. Street, Palace of Manufactures. — Exhibiting a fine lot of brooms, 
whisk and feather dusters. Cost of installation, $2,300; maintaining, $1,000. 
Grand prize. 

Louden Machinery Company, Fairfield. — Block 27, Aisle H., Palace of 
Agriculture. — Consisting of a full line of barn equipments, hay tools, barn 
door hangers, feed and litter carriers, with track and switches for same, 
cattle stanchions, overhead carriers, hay racks, brackets, hoists, wire 
stretchers, ice tongs, spade heads, ten styles of fork carriers, having orig- 
inal wide flaring mouth and round top fork pulley that has made the Lou- 
den line famous, and an array of barn door hangers such as has never be- 
fore been shown. Cost of installation, $1,000; maintaining, $2,500. Silver 
medal. 

Lamb Boat and Engine Company, Clinton. — Aisle K., Post 144-6, Pal- 
ace of Transportation. — Exhibit of engines and boats. Cost of installation, 
$4,000; maintaining, $1,200. Silver medal. 

Murray Iron Works, Burlington. — Block 42, Aisle 6, Machinery Palace. 
— One of their large 800 horse power Corliss engines in actual operation 
in power hall, used by the Exposition Company to furnish power for the 
Intramural Railway system. Cost of installation, $4,000; maintaining, 
$4,000. Silver medal. 




John Morrell and Company. Ottumwa. 
Block 104. Aisle B-12. Palace of Agriculture. 




Murray Iron Works, Burlington, Block 42. Aisle 6. Palace of Machiuer3' 




Lamb Boat and Eng-ine Company, Clinton. Aisle K, Post 144-6, Palace of Transportation. 



L\DUSTRIAL EXHIBITS. 



Morrell, John & Co., Ottumwa. — Block 104, Aisle B-12, Agriculture 
Building. — Exhibit of meats and lard. Mention is also made in Superin- 
tendent Hutchins' report. Cost of installation, $1,083; maintaining, $2,002. 
"Grand prize. 

Morrison Manufacturing Company, Fort Madison. — Block 24, Aisle C, 
Palace of Agriculture. — Exhibiting cultivators, plows, both riding and 
walking, and farm machinery, including lister and harrows. Cost of in- 
stallation. $825: maintaining, $1,260. Gold medal. 

McNaught & Sons, G. W.. 
of Glidden.— Block 3 A-G, F. 
St., Varied Industries Build- 
ing. — Exhibit of store shelv- 
ing, canopy top and step shelv- 
ing. Cost of installation, $150; 
maintaining $50. Silver medal. 
Nichols Mfg. Company, of 
Ottumwa.— Block 8-A, Fifth 
and C. Streets, Varied Indus- 
tries Building. — Consisting of 
a line of carpenters' squares 
and mitre boxes, rock drill 
and trolley catcher. Cost of 
Installation, $1,000; maintain- 
ing, $500. Silver medal. 

Newell, A. F., Burlington. 
Aisle E., Post 53, Palace of 
Transportation. 
-Exhibit 51, Mines and Metal- 




G. W. McNaug-lit and Sons, Glidden. 
Bloclv 3 A-G. F St . Varied Industries. 



Red Mineral Springs Water, Eddyville. 
lurgy Building. Silver medal. 

Scott Manufacturing Company, I^eokuk. — Block 20-F, Mines and Met- 
allurgy Building. — Exhibiting the famous Andrus brick press and other 
clay working machinery. Cost of installation, $275; maintaining, $350. 
Silver medal. 

Sinclair, T. M. & Co., Cedar Rapids. — Block 104, Palace of Agriculture. 
— Exhibiting hams, bacons, lard and vinegar pickled goods. Mention made 
in Superintendent Hutchins' report. Cost of installation, ^369; maintain- 
ing, $1,048.27. Grand prize. 

Star Manufacturing Company, What Cheer. — Block 20, Mines and Met- 
allurgy Building. — Consisting of a full line of miners' tools and equipage. 
Cost of installation, $100; maintaining, $100. Bronze medal. 



MINES AND MINERALS. 239 



Mines and Mining 



It was decided by the Iowa Commission that a showing should be 
made of the mineral wealth of Iowa at the exposition, having in mind that 
Iowa has 4,600 acres of coal land from which is mined annually six million 
tons of coal; 3,800 acres of gypsum; 300 acres of iron, with a wealth of 
clay unequaled any place in the west. It was thought such an exhibit 
would attract industries looking for location where fuel was in abundance. 
Commissioner S. S. Carruthers was selected to take charge of this depart- 
ment. An effort was made to enlist the Geological Department of the 
state, but not having funds under their control for such purposes, it was 
soon found that this work must necessarily be carried on independently. 

A conference was held on Saturday, November 7, 1903, with the geol- 
ogists of the state and mine operators, there being present Commissioner 
Carruthers as head of the department; Prof. Samuel Calvin, of Iowa City; 
Prof. S. W. Beyer, of Ames; J. G. Radcliffe, of Waukon; C. B. Piatt, of 
Van Meter; Huntley, of Boone, and S. C. Lee, of Des Moines. 

It was decided to make an exhibit of faced brick, terra cotta, glazed 
ware, etc., including sewer pipes and raw material, paving brick, building 
stone and flagstones. 

Subsequently Mr. C. B. Piatt, of Van Meter, was selected as superin- 
tendent of this exhibit, and collected and installed the same in a creditable 
manner. 

The government has recognized the utility of the experiments on min- 
erals undertaken at the exposition, and since its close Congress has ap- 
propriated $202,000 for the continuation of the work of the coal testing 
plant of the United States Geological Survey at the World's Fair, and enor- 
mous results to power producers and manufacturers are expected. This 
plant is in active operation and will continue until June, 1906, by act of 
Congress. The specific purpose for which the plant was established was 
announced to test the coals and lignites of the United States to determine 
their fuel values and the most economic method for their utilization for 
different purposes. All coals for the test are furnished free. Sixty-six 
carloads of coal from seventeen states have been tested at the plant, rail- 
roads furnishing free transportation. The value of the results of these in- 
vestigations are not limited to the coal-producing sections of the country, 
but extend to every other state and territory where coal and other mineral 
fuel is used as a source of power. In 1900 there was spent in the United 
States for coal for power $50,000,000. By adopting the means suggested 
in this testing plant manufaturers will be able to save annually between 
fifteen and twenty millions of dollars. 

It has been demonstrated that Illinois coal is better as a power pro- 
ducer than the Pennsylvania or West Virginia coal. It is also brought out 
that in the west vast beds of lignites, which is classed midway between 



240 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



coal and peat, exist containing a large percentage of moisture, and when 
burned in modern gas producing engines, produces a higher heating power, 
and the experiments, it is declared, place it second to none as a power 
producer. 



Report of Commissioner Carruthers 



To Hon. William Larrabee, President Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
Commission of Iowa. 

Dear Sir — I herewith transmit 
the report of Mr. C. B. Piatt, super- 
intendent of the department of mines 
and metallurgy for the state, of Iowa. 
While the exhibit did not reach our 
expectations, because of the seem- 
ing lack of interest on the part of 
mine operators and quarrymen, at 
the same time, to my mind, it was 
of exceptional merit, and the work 
done has undoubtedly attracted a 
great deal of attention among the 
investigators who visited the exposi- 
tion looking for coal fields and quar- 
ries. 

I commend the following report 
and return my sincere thanks to Mr. 
Piatt for the good work accom- 
plished in this exhibit. 

Respectfully submitted, 

S. S. CARRUTHERS, 
Commissioner in Charge of Depart- 
ment of Mines and Metallurgy. 




*COMR. S. S. CARRUTHERS, 
Bloomfield. 



*Commissioner Samuel S. Carruthers was born at Wheeling, W. Va., 
August 20, 1837; came to Bloomfield July 31, 1854, when not quite seven- 
teen years old, and has resided there continuously ever since. Studied law 
at that place in the office of Trimble & Baker, and admitted to practice in 
September, 1860. He is now, and has been continuously for thirty-six 
years, the attorney of the Wabash Railroad Company and its predeces- 
sors; also for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific and Chicago, Burling- 
ton and Kansas City Railway Companies for more than thirty years. On 
October 29, 1861, he married Miss Lue A. Kenaga, at Kankakee, Illinois. 
They have three children, one son and two daughters. He was the Com- 
missioner in charge of the mine and mineral department of the Iowa ex- 
Mbit at the World's Fair, serving also on the auditing committee. In 1888 
be was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention, held at St. 
Jjouis. 



MIXES AND MINERALS. 



241 




C. B. PLATT, 

Supt. Mineral Exhibit. 



Report of the Superintendent 

To Hon. S. S. Carruthers, Commissioner in Charge Department Minerals 
and Geology, Iowa Commission, Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 
Dear Sir — Following my appointment as superintendent of your de- 
partment in December, 1903, I opened up extensive correspondence with 

producers of coal, stone and clay ware, as a 
preparatory step in obtaining exhibits. I took 
pains to make these letters individual, in or- 
der to get the closest possible attention. The 
reply list was surprisingly small. 

Our display in clay exhibits consisted of 
some thirty samples of clay and shales; nine 
panels of pressed brick, a few drain tile, 
some large sewer pipe, hollow blocks, and a 
few samples of paving, fire and common 
building brick. The display, while not as 
extensive as desired, really showed the best 
produced in the line. 

In investigating the matter of building 
stone, I was informed by several prominent 
architects that it was their opinion that our 
quarries were producing very little stone for 
dimension work, but rather that their efforts 
except with a few exceptions were confined to the production of stone for 
lime and concrete and ordinary foundation purposes. Knowing that the 
Historical Building was faced with Marshalltown stone, I visited the quar- 
rymen of that district and attempted to get an exhibit from them, it 
seems they had been poorly treated by some former commission in the 
matter of returning a valuable mantel from the New Orleans fair and they 
turned down any proposition to make any sort of an exhibit, and we were 
unable to get any of this stone except a small hand sample from the state 
geological display at Des Moines. We were in the field at the wrong time 
to get out any particular exhibit in this line, as nothing had been done 
previous to the winter months toward interesting the quarrymen in the 
exhibit, and it was out of the question to get samples during the dead of 
winter. I was successful in getting promises of about twenty-four samples 
from different quarries, a list of which had been supplied me by Professor 
Beyer, of Ames College, but only received a number of samples from Stone 
City and one from Bldora, the balance of the exhibit being obtained from 
the Geological Survey exhibit at Des Moines. We also showed gypsum rock 
and so-called marbles from Floyd County and lithographing stone from 
the same locality. It would have been desirable to have had an exhibit of 
some pretensions from Lyon County, showing the quartzite of that field, 
but as there are no quarries in that field in Iowa, we had to content our- 
selves with showing small hand samples of what is probably the best stone 
in Iowa. 

We made quite a feature of gypsum in this department and had a very 
attractive showing of this industry. We showed considerable of the raw 



242 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

material and the different stages of its manufacture, different plasters, fin- 
ishes and material manufactured from stucco, such as hollow blocks and 
boards for inside work, statuettes, etc. 

In the coal field we met with a decided lack of interest. Though we 
succeeded in getting promises for five large vein sections, we received 
but one section, from the Spring Creek Coal Company, of Oskaloosa. We 
had expected some fifty samples from the different mines of the small 
cubes and rough samples, but received only thirteen. 

I called on many operators in person, visited their conventions and 
solicited by letter from all the mines. I also enlisted the Mine Inspectors, 
or attempted to do so, but they offered no encouragement in securing the 
co-operation of the operators. I met with frequent refusals, and some 
promised and evidently intended to comply, but failed for various reasons, 
which they no doubt appreciate best. 

The samples we collected covered the whole field from Webster 
County to the south tier of counties, and, while not as extensive as we de- 
sired, really showed the quality of the entire field. 

The vein section displayed by the Spring Creek Company weighed 
about three tons and represented a seven-foot vein. We showed in this 
connection a large mineral map, giving the location of mines and quar- 
ries, with statistics of each county marked therein, giving the value pro- 
duction of coal, stone and clay ware. 

Coal, clay, gypsum and stone constitute our principal mineral indus- 
tries. We showed samples of lead ore, iron ore, galena and zinc. These 
last are not mined to any extent. 

In the department of geology very little was attempted, owing to lack 
of time, space and money. Knowing that Iowa is rich in fossils, we at- 
tempted to interest owners of collections to exhibit, but all those ap- 
proached on the subject declined to loan their collection, with the excep- 
tion of one large collection owned by Mr. C. L. Webster, of Charles City. 
This display was offered, provided we would properly display it as a whole. 
We found this collection would require our entire allotted space and an ex- 
tensive equipment of cases. We showed a case of fine polished fossils 
from Johnson County, the property of C. E. Biggs, of Lisbon, Iowa. We 
also showed fine samples of lithographing stone and marbles from Floyd 
County. We displayed numerous framed photographs of coal tipples, clay 
works and clay pits; also framed geological maps of counties surveyed. 

Had we met with the proper co-operation, the amount of money we 
had available would have enabled us to have made a more extensive ex- 
hibit. On the whole, the exhibit as completed seemed to be quite satisfac- 
tory to the majority of Iowa visitors. We worked under the additional 
disadvantage through the zeal shown by the exposition management in 
carrying the impression that we must have our complete exhibit on hand 
by the 30th of April. As it turned out, owing to the failure of promised 
exhibits to arrive, the majority of our exhibit was collected after the open- 
ing of the exposition. 

With reference to the lack of interest shown by coal people in this 
exhibit it might be well to remark that some of them lacked confidence in 
the value of the advertising feature ,more particularly for fear of compar- 



MINES AND MINERALS. 243 

isons. Developments in tests made on the thermal value of Iowa coals 
have demonstrated the value there would have been in the plan suggested 
by this department to the legislative committee who had in charge the 
matter of increased appropriation for the fair, that money could be well 
spent by this department in the investigation of market conditions, which 
seemed to give eastern coal the preference over Iowa coal. Feeling at the 
time that this condition had two substantial causes, it was deemed any 
uncertainty regarding them would be cleared by an expression from the 
coal trade or coal dealers and consumers, which might be brought out by 
this department through correspondence. 

A statement that freight rates were unfavorable to large development 
of Iowa coal fields must needs have the official stamp, through the proof 
that consumers were giving eastern coal the preference, when the market 
was far removed from the Iowa point of production, though the eastsrn 
coal shipment originated much farther east. 

A further statement that Iowa coal operators were preparing their 
coal poorly would not be accepted as one reason for loss of trade by the 
Iowa operators, except it be shown as the opinion of the dealer and con- 
sumer. 

The state college at Ames has demonstrated the thermal value of 
Iowa coals beyond question and to the credit of the field, and this value 
will be further determined by the government tests to be made at the ex- 
position. Iowa coal fields should supply Iowa markets and should be able 
to place their surplus in Minnesota markets without fear of outclassing 
competition from far removed markets. 

We were unable to interest Iowa coal operators to any extent for two 
reasons : 

First. — Large fields are controlled by railroad people, and they are 
naturally interested in reserving these fields for their own use and sup- 
plying the market with longer haul coal and insuring a short haul for 
their own consumption. They are naturally not interested in making a 
market in Iowa for Iowa coal. 

Second. — Lack of faith on the part of smaller producers in the value 
of their own commodity and the value of the fair exhibit as a means of ad- 
vertising, and, connected with this, a desire to save expense. 

The natural conclusions are that future ventures in this line should 
be backed with sufficient funds with which to purchase such samples as 
the general public would be inclined to show interest in and with which 
to construct relief maps and sections of the coal measures, and with which 
to erect spectacular representations of coal workings. As this matter ap- 
peals to the general public, the impressive is what should be sought. We 
were equipped to show those seeking knowledge of the field all that they 
would care to know and all we would show with larger and more samples. 

The opportunity for showing up the causes of hurtful competition may 
not appear at the time of the next fair, as these questions are bound to 
find a solution before very long. 

I attach herewith a list of exhibits in place at the close of my engage- 



244 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

ment, August 15th. There were still several exhibits to arrive, which 
were somewhere on the way. 

Correspondence, duly filed, has been shipped you by express. 
Respectfully submitted, 

C. B. PLATT, Superintendent. 



Mineral Exhibit 

The mines and metallurgy exhibit, as compiled by Mr. C. B. Piatt and 
turned over to Dr. A. C. Hutchins on August 15, 1904, was as follows: 

Twenty framed geological maps. 

One large industrial (mineral) map, showing location of coal camps, 
stone quarries and brick yards (framed and on easel). 

One show case containing mineral and fossil specimens, with table for 
same. 

One case polished fossil coral specimens and table for same. 

One case Eddyville mineral water (owned by exhibitor). 

One table of lithographing stone (five specimens) and seven speci- 
mens of marble, property of C. L. Webster, Charles City. 

One table of coal cubes (seven specimens). 

One table of coal cubes (seven specimens). 

One vein section coal (seven-foot seam). 

Thirty-one inverted jars of clay and shale specimens, comprising all 
kinds of clays and shales developed in Iowa, This exhibit was furnished 
by sixteen exhibitors. 

One panel pressed brick, Gethman Brick Company, Gladbrook. 

One panel pressed brick, Iowa Falls Pressed Brick Works. 

One panel sand lime pressed brick, Iowa Granite Brick Co., Clinton. 

One panel sand mold brick, James Maine, Des Moines. 

Six panels pressed brick, Piatt Pressed Brick Co., Van Meter. 

Fifteen separate brick specimens, Piatt Pressed Brick Co., Van Meter. 

Two panels in front of facade, Piatt Pressed Brick Co., Van Meter. 

One panel pressed brick, Corey Pressed Brick Co., Lehigh. 

Six separate brick, Iowa Falls Pressed Brick Works, 

Two panels in front, inside facade, Corey Pressed Brick Co., Lehigh. 

Two separate brick. Fort Dodge Brick and Tile Co. 

Four separate brick, face and paving, Boone Brick, Tile and Paving 
Co. 

Four separate brick, Davenport Brick and Tile Co. 

Six separate brick, Iowa Falls Presed Brick Works. 

Four separate hollow blocks. 

Three separate drain tiles, Davenport Brick and Tile Co. 

One drain tile each from E. J. Smith & Son, North English, and Piatt 
Pressed Brick Co. 

Three twelve-inch sewer pipes, Iowa Pipe and Tile Co., Des Moines. 

Hollow building block. Mason City Brick and Tile Co. 

Two fire brick and three samples of stone ware from Red Oak Pottery 
Co. 



MINES AND MINERALS. 245 

Twenty-eight specimens of glazed stone ware from Fort Dodge Pottery 
Works, with sam.ples of potter's clay. 

One sample polished boulder granite, Des Moines. 

Nine samples building stone. 

Two samples of gypsum rock. 

United States Gypsum Co. Exhibit. — Thirty-seven jars of prepared 
gypsum, three gypsum cubes, five gypsum statuettes, two gypsum plaster 
pyramids, one gypsum board, two gypsum hollow blocks, ten pictures of 
mills, five framed trade marks. 



AWARDS. 



Group 115. — Silver Medal. — Nicholls Manufacturing Co., Ottumwa, 
pneumatic hand rock drill. 

Bronze Medal. — Star Manufacturing Co., What Cheer, mining tools. 

Group 116. — Gold Medal. — Iowa Commission, mineral resources. 

Silver Medal. — Corey Pressed Brick Co., Lehigh, pressed brick clays; 
Interstate Investment and Development Co., Charles City, lithographic 
stone; Piatt Pressed and Fire Brick Co., Van Meter, clay; Iowa Commis- 
sion, collective clay exhibit; Red Mineral Springs Water Co., Eddyville, 
mineral water; G. W. Barnes, Boone, mineral water; Fred Berninghausen, 
Eldora, exhibit of rock stone and fire clay and sand for making glass. 

Bronze Medal. — Iowa Brick Manufacturing Co., Des Moines, brick and 
hollow blocks; Fort Madison and Appanoose Stone Co., Fort Madison, dol- 
omite stone; Spring Creek Coal Co., Oskaloosa, coal; Plymouth Gypsum 
Co., Fort Dodge, gypsum ; Fitzpatrick Lead Mining Co., North Buena Vista, 
lead; C. E. Briggs, Lisbon, fossil coral. 

Group 118. — Gold Medal. — The Adams Co., Dubuque, moulding ma- 
chine, tumbling machine, emery grinder. 

Group 119. — Gold Medal. — Iowa Geological Survey, Des Moines, publi- 
cations. 

Liberal Arts. 

Group 15. — Bronze Medal. — Interstate Investment and Development 
Co., Charles City, lithographic stone. 

Group 25. — Gold Medal. — Cement Machinery Manufacturing Co., Bur- 
lington, hollow block machinery. 

Silver Medal. — Burlington Concrete Machinery Co., Burlington, con- 
crete building block machinery. 




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PART III.— CEREMONIES.— CONTENTS. 

Historical Addresses and Special Features of Iowa's Participation In the 
Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 

Addresses at Allotment of Site, State Agricultural Convention, Corner 

Stake Driving, Dedication World's Fair and Iowa Building, Flag 

Raising, State Fair, Louisiana Purchase Flag Day, Opening 

Day, Iowa Day, Memorial Day, National Day, American 

Boy Day, Iowa Cities' Day, Thanksgiving Day, 

Sunday Sacrea Concerts, President's Day, 

Closing Day, 

Executive Commissioners and Exposition Management. 

The Iowa Building, Academy of Music, Musical Entertainments, Social 

Features, Conventions and Reunions. 

Iowa People in Positions. 

Visitors' Register. 



ALLOTMENT CEREMONIES. 249 



Ceremonies 



The Allotment of the Iowa Site 

The southeastern section of the grounds of the Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition, on a plateau rising seventy-five feet above the main exposi- 
tion grounds, beautifully shaded with large trees, was set aside for the 
state buildings. Beginning September 29 and ending October 4, 1902, there 
gathered at St. Louis state officers and commissioners from twenty-six 
states, to receive the sites allotted by the management, on which to erect 
the state buildings. 

President Francis Presents tlie Site. 

In presenting the staff and banner marking the site for the Iowa Build- 
ing, President David R. Francis, in an impressive and eloquent address, 
praised the state which had given to the nation some of its ablest coun- 
selors, praised the state for its wonderful resources in agriculture, its de- 
velopment of its minerals, its wonderful manufacturing possibilities, and, 
above all, its public school system. He hoped that a great fraternal feel- 
ing would be established because of the renewed friendships which would 
be acquired on account of the exposition commemorating the great event 
of the purchase of the Louisiana Territory. 

In his response accepting the flag and the site, former Governor Wil- 
liam Larrabee, president of the Iowa Commission for the Louisiana Pur- 
chase Exposition, said: 

President Larrabee Accepts the Site. 
"Mr. President: The people of Iowa understand well the magnitude 
of your undertaking. They understand also equally well the great results 
that will follow the success of it. They have confidence in the manage- 
ment, and, on behalf of our people and the Commission that represents 
them, I accept this site, this beautiful site, with much pleasure indeed. We 
intend to make a home here, and have a large family domiciled here in 
1904. I will give you all a standing invitation to visit us. The latch string 
will be out. It is hardly necessary to say anything for Iowa. In fact, I 
am embarrassed, Mr. President, by the praise of Iowa from you and from 
others here this morning, but I know that you would be disappointed not 
to hear from this young 'Prairie Queen' of the West, and I now have the 
pleasure of introducing to you Hon. L. A. Palmer, who will express to you 
the high appreciation and deep gratitude that we owe you." 



COiVI MISSION ER PALiVlER'S ADDRESS. 

"President Francis, Gentlemen of the Exposition Management and of 
the Several State Commissions and of the National Commission, and La- 
dies and Gentlemen: Bearing the credentials of the Louisiana Purchase 



250 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 




COMR. LEROY A. PALMER, 

Mt. Pleasant. 



Commission of the state of Iowa, and delegated by it, upon invitation of its 
distinguished president, to respond to the gracious and eloquent words of 

President Francis in his speech of 
allotment, I regret that the elo- 
quent and distinguished executive 
of our state cannot be present in 
person to make this response. By- 
reason of the pressure of grave pub- 
lic duties elsewhere, he is absent, 
and we are deprived today of the 
prestige of his distinguished per- 
sonality. 

"On behalf, then, of that absent 
Governor, on behalf of all the peo- 
ple of our state, not forgetting its 
500,000 school children, it is my 
privilege to say: 

"That the site which is this 
day marked with the staff bearing 
Iowa's great seal shall be fitly hon- 
ored by a building in perfect keep- 
ing with the lofty purposes and his- 
toric aspirations which have in- 
spired the people of this mighty re- 
public to set apart this ground for 
the purpose of commemorating here, in St. Louis, by fit and worthy monu- 
ments of art and science and industry, that great and prophetic act of 
consummate statesmanship of the great Jefferson, which led him to ac- 
quire this vast territory from the empire of France as the heritage of a 
century of home builders — that vast domain known as the Louisiana Pur- 
chase. 

The Louisiana Purchase. 

"Of all the great acts of statesmanship in the past, this mighty pre- 
vision for the future of the republic must stand pre-eminent — must ever 
read third, the struggle of the American Revolution and the adoption of 
the Federal Constitution being the first and second. 

"We are assured that the choice of a beautiful and fitting commemo- 
rative emblem has been chosen to typify the mighty undertaking of this 
imposing exposition, and that this gold coin shall bear upon its face the 
features of the beloved and nationally mourned William McKinley, and on 
the obverse side the face of Thomas Jefferson. 

"This is most strikingly fitting, for in the span of our nation's life 
filling the historical space of the hundred years between the presidential 
administrations of these two great men — one the philosophic dreamer of 
the dominion of republican government, the other the great administrator 
and conservator of that government — there has been a century of human 
achievement without a second in the history of our race. 

"In all the years before the century just passed there has been no pe- 
riod which has meant so much to the future of a people, devoted by the 



ALLOTMENT CEREMONIES. 251 

traditions of their past and their aspirations of the present and their hope 
for the future, to the genius of a republican government. 

"The stupendous results of the acquisition of that Louisiana Territory 
have as yet been but dimly seen, as compared with the glories which the 
patriotic imagination descries in the future. Its vastness in all the lines 
of human progress may be faintly measured by the immensity of its ma- 
terial resources thus far developed, but these nearly baffle human con- 
jecture. 

"With an area of 87G,000 square miles, containing 600,000,000 acres of 
land — larger in area than Great Britain, France, Germany, Spain and Italy 
combined, and only one-fourth less in extent than the whole of the original 
colonies — it will be seen how vast a stage is here prepared upon which to 
enact the mighty drama of a people consecrated to the genius of repre- 
sentative government. 

"The acquisition of this vast territory made possible that stupendous 
emigration — that mighty exodus from the Old World to the New. Begin- 
ning to gather strength away back in the revolution which gave England 
a William of Orange and a constitutional monarchy, hither fled the victims 
of English political, religious and social persecution, and, braving the ter- 
rors of a trackless ocean, they came to add the weight of their numbers 
to those slowly forming little colonies, which stretched a feeble chain from 
the snowy, inhospitable shores of New England to the Palmetto strands of 
the Ploridas. 

"The fall of Quebec in 1759, the ratification of the treaty following 
that war in 17G3, terminated the dominion of the French empire in Amer- 
ica. The great line of military posts from the island of New Orleans up 
the Mississippi, along the Ohio, then by the Great Lakes, to Montreal and 
Quebec, now no longer a menace or held by alien people, these forerun- 
ners, these evangels of English civilization, inspired by the highest En- 
glish traditions, and upheld in all the weary way by that indomitable en- 
ergy which has always marked that conquering race, spread westward 
over the Louisiana Territory. 

"It was sixty years from the fall of Quebec until the east bank of the 
great river was reached. This mighty river, so majestically flowing past 
these exposition grounds on its course to the sea of the south, afterward 
became the only connecting link between the pioneer settlers and the old 
world of their past. This great river became their only highway to the 
sea. It was to be the key which was to unlock the hidden wealth of the 
vast valley of the Mississippi. Its possession, the unmolested right to use 
it, the greater right to control its mouth unvexed by the restrictions of 
any foreign power, became one of the inalienable rights of the dwellers 
along its banks. 

"The free passage of the river was the stimulus to the genius of Jef- 
ferson, and which finally led him to take measures to acquire the terri- 
tory. Through the patriotic labors of Jefferson and his ministers, Monroe 
and Livingston, it was acquired at a price so small that James G. Blaine, 
in his interesting book, "Twenty Years in Congress," says of it that it was 
less than the receipts of the custom house at New Orleans in one month. 

"Divided into vast territories at first; meridian lines established, the 



252 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

stupendous scheme of the national survey, projected over all its broad 
surface; carving these territories again into townships, each township 
with a large measure of self government; these again formed into twenty 
or more imperial self-governed states, all an enigma to European states- 
manship — here we have the mighty stage upon which has been enacted 
the great drama of the century. 

The Birth of Iowa. 

"Among these states Iowa emerged in 1846. With a scant population^ 
numbering less than 55,000, she took her place in the drama. To show how 
she has acted her part, to display her industries, to show her resources, 
both developed and undeveloped; but, better still, to display the higher 
reaches of her civilization, in all that goes to adorn life, in the home, in 
the school, in the church, in education, in all among the foremost; to 
demonstrate by it all that the legendary name given by the Indian to Pere 
Marquette and Joliet, when they first saw her shores, somewhere at 
the mouth of the Wisconsin River, had in it something truly prophetic— 
to demonstrate by her half century of progress, all she had accomplished 
— this shall be our purpose in the building to be erected by Iowa on this 
site. 

"In the edifice to be built upon this site, it shall be the proud privilege 
of Iowa to display her true greatness; not alone in her material wealth, 
gathered in the hours of a continuous and unbroken peace, but sir, there 
shall be displayed the great harvest of a satisfied, contented citizenship, 
and all the elements of that higher, gentler culture, without which mere 
material prosperity would only be a mighty but wasted effort. 

"It shall show what mighty results in the building up of character can 
be achieved in the course of half a century by an ever loyal reliance upon 
and faith in the eflicacy of an educated, self-respecting citizenship. 

"It will tell the story of a great democratic opportunity vouchsafed to 
all within her borders — the rich, the poor, the high, the low — until its pop- 
ulation, without caste, without class distinction, or class division, consti- 
tutes a mighty citizenship which places free, individual initiative of every 
man as a basis of civic conduct — which holds the individual charged with 
the responsibility of a lawmaker, until, collectively, its proud boast is that 
of all the states in the Louisiana Purchase, Iowa has furnished a type of 
citizenship which must exist in unimpaired and undiminished vigor if the 
great republic of America is to survive the clash of mere material inter- 
ests, or the more insidious attacks of illegitimate wealth. 

"Based upon the hardy virtues and strenuous endurance of its earliest 
pioneers, the history of Iowa will show in its brief chronicle within the 
walls of that building Iowa's citizenship, which has displayed a devotion 
at all times in the nation's stress of civil war, in the nation's time of great 
wealth and prosperity, to the rugged ideals of its founders — simplicity of 
life and manners; honest and earnest devotion to conviction, faith in an 
educated manhood and womanhood. Even in the peaceful strife of polit- 
ical war and in the transitory bitterness of partisan struggle, it has al- 
ways been singularly true that these struggles have been in reality only 
strenuous activities to keep brighter its earlier ideals and its ideals of self- 
reliant, free, unafraid individualism. 



ALLOTMENT CEREMONIES. 253 

"Its paramount law, its constitution, the fabric of its legislation, all 
breathe the atmosphere of its traditional self-reliant individualism. No 
supplication for extraneous help, no wish for federal aid for any individual 
interest within her borders — self help, faith in the individual, in the citi- 
zen, the man, have stamped her people and colored her legislation. 

Iowa's School System. 

"This building shall tell the world of a school system of which Iowa 
is prouder than of her boundless acres of mineral deposits or any and all 
of her purely material resources. 

"Iowa bases her faith in her future upon her public schools — that great 
leveler of class distinction. It knows no color line — it knows no line of 
servitude — it knows no line of unfortunate birth — it knows no line of rich 
and poor, of employer and employe. In that atmosphere of democratic 
equality, there is no labor problem, no antagonism between labor and cap- 
ital, no strife of classes. 

"Iowa's great democratic opportunity for the citizen begins in the 
common school. And as Iowa is a great republican commonwealth, in the 
highest and loftiest meaning of that term, so her common schools are so 
many nurseries of vital, permeating democracy — democracy of association, 
which alone can make a true republicanism enduring, and class distinc- 
tion impossible. Yes, Mr. President, Iowa will join in friendly rivalry 
with her sisters and lend her co-operative aid. She shall second every ef- 
fort of your local and national board to make the time of this exposition 
■one of the red-letter days of the republic. 

Will Co-Operate for Exposition's Success. 

"She shall do her full part, with her sister states, to realize all the 
aspirations of this mighty undertaking, so that it may be said in time to 
■come that she did her mighty best to fulfill her part of that great vision of 
the fifth act of the great drama dream by Berkley: 

"'Westward the star of empire takes its way; 
The fiirst four acts already past. 
The fifth shall close the drama with the day, 
Time's noblest offspring, and the last.' 

"As Iowa shall share with you the splendid spoils of this exposition — 
this mightiest conquest of peace upon the fields of time — so shall she share 
with you the memories that must abide when the time of its closing hours 
shall come. 

The Exposition to Live. 

"We speak of its closing hours. It is a pathetic thought which comes 
to us now in these bright hours. For we know that all the temporal glories 
of this mighty undertaking will in a brief time pass away. We know that 
there shall soon come a time, within a few short days, when the visible 
temples of this mighty commemoration shall be no more. 

"Nature's fourfold tale shall be twice told — these venerable and an- 
cient oaks shall for the second time bud and leaf and fade — two autumn 
times shall successively paint these hillsides with scarlet and gold, and 
make sad this green verdure of the hills with the sorrow of the faded leaf 




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ALLOTMENT CEREMONIES. 255 

— that these glorious, visible structures, wrought with so much cunning by 
the deft brain and hand of artist, architect and builder — these temples 
made with hands shall crumble and be as though they had never been. 

"Ruin, pathetic ruin, shall mark these dedicated spots for its own. 
The kindly, loving hand of nature shall again clothe the places of these 
ruined temples with a vesture of green — as though to hide from the sad- 
dened gaze of a pitying world this latest story of the frailty and evanes- 
sence of man's proudest work, and there, oh! and there, a seeming forget- 
fulness shall brood over this place and under the moon by night, and in 
all the sunny reaches of the day. Solitude shall here hold its silent em- 
pire. But, Mr. President and friends, this forgetfulness will be in seeming 
only. Your work shall endure. For upon these allotted sites, and beside 
every ruined and fallen column and sculptured portico and broken capital, 
outtopping even the loftiest and proudest dome, there shall arise a house, 
a house not made with hands, eternal in the hearts and minds and memo- 
ries of the millions of the earth who shall visit this spot. It shall be a 
temple of gracious memory, like unto that which in olden days has always 
reared itself upon the ruins of sanctuaries, dedicated to the service of the 
good, the true and the beautiful. Yes, sir, this shall abide and linger in 
the true history of this vast enterprise — its unspeakable beauty and glory 
shall abide — for the dwellings of the spirit of man have no ruins. Yes, sir, 
this shall live, for, 

" 'Art and books and music shall be there and all 
Those instruments with which higher spirits call 
The future from its cradle, and the past 
Out of its grave, and make the present last 
In thoughts and joys, which sleep, but cannot die. 
Folded within their own eternity.' 

"And when, in some future time, when this generation shall have add- 
ed its sheaves tO' the harvest of destiny, when the century shall be again 
old, and its achievements are told in song and story and commemorative 
displays; when the question is asked during what period did mankind 
make its greatest progress; when did law, government, education, religion 
and all the gentle human arts do most to ameliorate the condition of hu- 
man life — impartial history, cherishing a mighty recollection of this great 
national exposition, will say it was the century between the administration 
of Jefferson, 1803, and that of McKinley, 1904; and that the greatest, 
mightiest, most beautiful and enduring act of that time, framed upon a 
colossal scale, to preserve the history and memory of that great century, 
was in St. Louis, the historic center of the vast domain — the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition." 



LEROY A. PALMER. 

Commissioner Leroy A. Palmer was born at Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, Aug- 
ust 11, 1851, of Orphia and Leroy G. Palmer. He was educated at the acad- 
emy of Prof. Samuel Howe at Mt. Pleasant, and at the high school under 
the superintendence of Hon. Edwin Van Cise. He worked at carriage and 
decorative painting for seven years of his life and then entered the law 




*JAMES MONROE. 
Statute by Julia M. Bracken. 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 257 

office of his father; was admitted to the bar, after an examination by a 
committee consisting of the late Judge Woolson, Major T. A. Beerman and 
Judge W. I. Babb. Judge Palmer, the father, was one of the old pioneer 
lawyers of southeastern Iowa, a brother of the late Senator John M. Pal- 
mer, of Illinois. Commissioner Palmer practiced law with his father until 
September, 1887, when he was commissioned by President Cleveland as 
private secretary to Commissioner of Patents Hon. Benton J. Hall, of Bur- 
lington, Iowa; was reappointed by President Harrison as secretary to Hon. 
Charles Mitchell, Commissioner of Patents. He resigned his position at 
Washington in January, 1890, and with his wife and family went to Ta- 
coma, Washington, where he engaged in the practice of law for nearly five 
years, when, on account of the old age and failing health of his father and 
mother, he returned to Mt. Pleasant again, and resumed the practice of law 
and where he still resides. 

Commissioner Palmer's natural tastes are decidedly artistic, and he 
has, as the recreations of a professional life, made the study of art a prac- 
tical part of his general culture. He has produced many landscapes of 
high order, two of them being used as parts of the decoration of the Iowa 
building at St. Louis. His tastes naturally won for him the appointment 
by his fellow Commissioners as Chairman of the committee on decoration 
and fine arts at the St. Louis Exposition, and the worthy and satisfying 
results of his personal superintendence of the decorations in the Iowa 
Building attest his good taste. Among the many beautiful and more ex- 
pensive art decorations of the state buildings at the exposition, Iowa took 
a high rank in the estimation of competent judges. 

Mr. Palmer also served as a member of the executive and building 
committees. He is a ready speaker and was selected by President Larra- 
bee to respond for the state upon many memorable occasions during the 
exposition. He was married August 21, 1889, at Washington, D. C, to 
Miss Lizzie McClelland, of Mt. Peasant. 



The Louisiana Purchase 

By Commissioner James H. Trewin. 

At the meeting of the Iowa State Farmers' Institute, held December 
9, 1902, in the rooms of the Agricultural Department at the capitol, Hon. 
James H. Trewin made the following address: 

"The hardy, adventuresome and determined American pioneers, who, 
at the close of the Revolution, invaded and commenced to subdue the wil- 
derness to the east of the Mississippi, brought about an event in the his- 
tory of our country second only in importance to the gaining of indepen- 

* James Monroe was born April 28, 1758, in Virginia; died July 4, 1831. 
Was a soldier in the Revolutionary War; student in law with Thomas Jef- 
ferson; member of Virginia legislature, Congress and United States Sen- 
ate; Minister to Prance and Governor of Virginia; special ambassador to 
France to negotiate purchase of New Orleans, and endorsed the treaty 
made by Livingston in the purchase of the Louisiana Territory. W^as Sec- 
retary of State under President Madison, and acting Secretary of War 
during the War of 1812. Inaugurated President March 4, 1817. Author of 
the "Monroe Doctrine." 



258 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

dence. By the treaty of 1773 the American and British had stipulated that 
'the navigation of the River Mississippi from its source to the ocean shall 
forever remain free and open to the subjects of Great Britain and the cit- 
izens of the United States.' But Spain, controlling both sides of the lower 
Mississippi, denied free navigation of that river to the western Americans, 
while the latter considered it their *God-given highway to the sea and to 
civilization.' Trade restrictions were imposed by Spain, vessels and car- 
goes were confiscated and crews imprisoned. The inhabitants became en- 
raged and threatened invasion and forcible establishment of their right of 
free navigation of the river. 

"In June, 1775, Washington wrote of the situation: 'The emigration to 
the waters of the Mississippi is astonishingly great and chiefly of a de- 
scription of people who are not very subordinate to the law and constitu- 
tion of the state they go from. Whether the prohibition of the Spaniards 
is just or unjust, politic or impolitic, it will be with difficulty that the peo- 
ple of this class can be restrained in the enjoyment of natural advantages.' 

Wise and Audacious. 

"Washington, Livingston, Hamilton, Jefferson and other early states- 
men and patriots recognized the necessity of an open river, but the na- 
tion was too weak to do more than anxiously wait the rapidly changing 
conditions in European affairs. Hamilton said in 1799, 'I have long been 
in the habit of considering the acquisition of the Ploridas and Louisiana as 
essential to the permanency of the Union.' His far-seeing eye discerned 
the probabilities in all the country west of the Mississippi to the Pacific, 
but Jefferson and Madison, urged on by the persistent demands of the peo- 
ple for free navigation, were willing to accept the river as the western 
boundary of the republic. April 20, 1803, a week after the great treaty 
had been agreed upon and ten days before it was signed, Secretary of 
State Madison wrote to Monroe, then in Paris, 'Certain it is that the hearts 
and hopes of the western people are strongly fixed on the Mississippi for 
the future boundary.' Meanwhile, the people directly interested continued 
to demand their rights as defined by the treaty of 1783, and Robert R. Liv- 
ingston, of undying fame as a diplomatist, patriot and statesman, never 
ceased in his untiring efforts in their behalf at the court of France, and 
though only authorized to negotiate for the portion east of the river, when 
the capricious first consul offered it to him, he purchased the entire terri- 
tory. It was the wisest and most audacious act ever done by an American 
ambassador, and its vast consequences can never be measured. Without 
it, the British would probably have acquired the territory as a result of 
the Napoleonic wars and the United States would now, if in existence as 
a nation, be bounded on the west by the Mississippi with a British colony 
on the other side. 

"The differences as to the admission of new states might not have 
arisen; we might never have known of the Missouri Compromise and poor 
bleeding Kansas; we might even have escaped the horrors of civil war, 
but we should not have achieved greatness as a nation. 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 259 

Made Other Things Possible. 
"The consequences of the acquisition of Louisiana are so stupendous 
and have exerted such an enormous influence over our destiny as a nation 
that it is most fitting a great commemorative world's fair should be held m 
the largest city of the region and upon the banks of the mighty river 
whose free navigation gave rise to the controversy so happily ended by 
Livingston's unauthorized treaty. Difficulties arose after the treaty was 
signed. Jefferson, always a strict constructionist of the constitution, 
doubted the right to acquire territory without an amendment, and even 
proposed one, but the demands and necessities of the people swept away 
all his doubts and objections and the treaty was ratified — our national do- 
main was doubled, a precedent set for future acquisitions of territory, and 
permanent foundation for our greatness laid. This territory, comprising 
practically thirteen magnificent states and two territories, has three times 
the population and many times the wealth of the entire United States at 
the time of the acquisition. It now teems with a population of over seven- 
teen millions of intelligent, prosperous people, and with its vast areas and 
resources yet undeA^eloped is capable of supporting in comfort many mil- 
lions more. Besides this, its possession made possible the acquisition of 
the great northwest and Texas and California. 

A Fitting Celebration. 

"The centennial of this great event will be celebrated in a world's fair 
twice the size of any other ever attempted in any country. Its success is 
assured by ample funds. The entire cost will be about forty millions of 
dollars. It will, in every respect, be an international exposition, and under 
its aggressive and able management, be worthy of the event commemo- 
rated. The grounds and buildings are laid out in a larger scale than ever 
before attempted, covering more than 1,200 acres, and will be surpassingly 
beautiful. 

"The exhibits, display and attractions, like the event commemorated, 
will be a departure from all precedent. Here will be gathered the most 
marvelous productions of the mighty brain and brawn of this wonderful 
age. A distinctive feature is the prizes offered for a great air ship compe- 
tition. 

"The national government and all the states of the Union and all the 
territories and dependencies will be represented — all the nations of earth 
will take part in friendly interchange of ideas and in the competitions. It 
will probably be the last opportunity for adults to see a world's fair in this 
country. St. Louis furnishes great advantages as a place to hold such a 
fair. She has the largest railroad station in the world. Twenty-four rail- 
roads will carry millions of visitors to the fair and lines of palatial steam- 
boats on the Father of Waters will take many more who desire to travel 
more leisurely, and view the beautiful secenry on the upper river, 
which rivals that of the Hudson. 

Iowa's Part. 

"What part shall Iowa take in this great enterprise? Within her boun- 
daries are fifty-five thousand square miles of the choicest land of the entire 
purchase, and two and a quarter millions of as intelligent and progressive 



260 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

people as can be found anywhere. They possess ample means and abun- 
dant resources with and from which to make exhibits. A just state pride 
should induce every citizen to encourage a proper showing for Iowa. We 
are first in education, agriculture, stock raising, butter producing, and in 
many other things we are too modest to mention. Let us maintain supre- 
macy in these and win it in others. Let no line be neglected — ^there is 
room and opportunity for all. Our manufacturing interests should be ex- 
ploited, and the advantages afforded in Iowa cities and towns for the in- 
crease and enlargement of these industries made apparent. We should 
show the world the excellence of our public and private schools, colleges, 
universities, churches and other institutions, and that, as an abiding place, 
Iowa has no superior on earth, and thus invite good people to come and 
help us develop our almost limitless resources and share our prosperity 
and our many other blessings." 



Corner Stake Driving 

At the time of the dedication of the World's Fair exhibit buildings by 
the President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt, and the only sur- 
viving ex-President, Grover Cleveland, April 29, 1903, Iowa was the only 
state prepared to begin the work of erection of its state pavilion. Impres- 
sive ceremonies were arranged by the Governor and the Iowa Commission. 
The official party assembled at the St. Nicholas Hotel at 10 o'clock a. 
m., May i2d, and were conveyed to the southeast entrance to the World's 
Fair grounds, where the parade was formed by Adjutant General M. H. 
Byers, the Fifty-fourth Regiment band and the Fifty-fourth Regiment, un- 
der the command of Colonel Frank W. Bishop, acting as escort, followed 
by Governor Cummins, private secretary and staff, the Iowa Commission- 
ers and many state officers, ladies and citizens of Iowa and St. Louis. 

A stand had been erected and 
seats arranged under the great 
trees. After a selection by the 
54th Regiment Band, Chairman 
W. W. Witmer, of the executive 
committee of the Iowa Commis- 
sion, introduced the Hon. Richard 
C. Barrett, Superintendent of Pub- 
lic Instruction, who offered the 
following prayer: 

"Most generous God, by whose 
knowledge the depths are broken 
up, and the clouds drop down the 
dew, we yield Thee unfeigned 
thanks and praise for the return of 
the seed-time and harvest, for the 
increase of the ground, the pros- 
perity of Thy people, and for ail 
the other blessings of Thy merci- 
R. c. BARRETT. ^^^ providence bestowed upon us 

Superintendent Public Instruction. as a nation. Thou art the giver of 




DRIVING OP CORNER STAKE. 



261 



every good and perfect gift, and we humbly acknowledge Thy bountiful 
goodness to all Thy people in all ages and in all lands. We would today re- 
turn unto Thee the gratitude o our hearts for Thy leadership. Since the 
foundations of the world were laid, Thou hast been the shepherd of Thy 
children. Under Thy guidance governments have been instituted among 
men and commonwealths organized. In accordance we trust and believe 
with Thy divine will and pleasure these the chosen and regularly constitut- 
ed representatives of one of the greatest of states, organized to promote 
good government, Christian manhood, peace on earth and good will among 
men,' have met today to lay the cornerstone of a beautiful edifice. We 
thank Thee for the great state here represented; for charming cities, 
towns and villages; for magnificent churches, temples of justice, public 
schools, colleges, beautiful and happy homes, and for cultured Christian 
citizenship. 

"May the building to be erected on this spot by the generosity of the 
people here represented be in coming days a haven of rest; and may the 
great universal exposition serve to magnify Thy goodness and extend Thy 
kingdom. Grant us, we beseech Thee, Thy blessing, and give unto us a 
just appreciation of all our duties to the state, the nation, and to Thee, our 
God. 

"This we ask on the merit and in the name of our Lord, the great 
Master and Teacher." 

Mr. Witmer then introduced the Governor of Iowa. 



ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR ALBERT B. CUMMINS. 

"Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: It is with great pleasure and 
untroubled confidence that I join you in the initiation of your work upon 
the grounds that are soon to become the home of an exposition which will 

not only be greater than any which 
have preceded it, but will commemo- 
rate the most significant event of 
the nineteenth century in the histor^"- 
of the United States. 

"Habituated as we are to a ter- 
ritory stretching from the Atlantic 
to the Pacific, accustomed as we are 
to the vast and growing power of the 
republic, proud as we are of the high 
position we have attained among the 
nations of the earth, it is difficult 
for us to even conjecture what we 
would have been if the Mississippi 
river had continued to be the west- 
ern boundary of our country. 

"Without attempting to appor- 
tion the glory that we have won be- 
tween the east and the west, it is 
manifest that the distinction which 




ALBERT BAIRD CUMMINS, 
Governor of Iowa. 



262 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

the American citizen now enjoys is incomparably greater than it would 
have been if our national sunset were upon the plains of Iowa instead of 
in the waters of the Pacific. It is clear that our unparalleled growth would 
never have been witnessed had the Mississippi River remained the high- 
way of nations instead of becoming the channel of our own commerce. It 
is not to be disputed that the fact that nothing stands between our shores 
and the lands of the Orient, save the trackless waters of a mighty ocean, 
has contributed as much as any other fact to the dignity of the American 
name, the security of American institutions, and the prosperity of the 
American people. 

"It is with praise and thanksgiving that the commonwealth of which 
we are all citizens comes hither to bear her part in the memorial which 
celebrates the act which transferred her territory from an empire to a 
republic. There is no state in the Union which can more gratefully recog- 
nize the providence of the Creator in thus directing the course of human 
affairs than our own. We will erect upon this spot a structure which shall 
be the home of those happy, contented and intelligent men and women who 
have converted the prairies of France into the farms of America. There 
will gather here from our state thousands of our people — as we fondly be- 
lieve, the best people of the worldi — to testify by their presence their af- 
fection for free institutions, their appreciation of a wonderful industrial 
development, and their patriotism for a land in which state boundaries 
are well-nigh forgotten. 

"In accordance with the invitation extended to me by the Iowa Com- 
mission, and as Governor of the commonwealth, I drive this stake as the 
beginning of the Iowa State Building, and, having so planted it in the spot 
set apart for us, I dedicate the structure to be here erected to the noble 
purposes to which it is to be devoted." 

The corner stake was then driven by Governor Cummins, who pro- 
claimed, as he vigorously drove the wedge far into the soil, "What the 
state of Iowa has planted, let no man uproot." 



ADDRESS OF FREDERICK W. LEHMANN. 

The band played a selection and then Mr. Frederick W. Lehmann, a 
former citizen of Iowa, said, in part: 

"Friends and Fellow-Citizens: At a time like this, I can, without dis- 
loyalty to my adopted state, reclaim my old allegiance to the state of Iowa, 
for it has been her motto from the beginning and the strength of her peo- 
ple that the affections of her people, like the rivers of her borders, flow 
on to a perpetual union. 

"The wisdom of the fathers who contributed so much to the imperial 
dominion of the United States is illustrated even more in their action than 
in its purpose. The great benefit derived from their action was in the 
early navigation of the Mississippi River for the population that lived up- 
on its eastern banks. At that time the struggle that was to continue for 
years foreshadowed the carving of this dominion into states. Iowa was 
the first free state carved out of the Louisiana Purchase. It is not in the 
soil of the state that the people can take a just pride, but it is in the use 



DRIVING OF CORNER STAKE. 



263 



they have made in the parts that they are to find their praise and their 
commendation. 

"We can invite the people of the world to come here and witness in 
this great exposition what a hundred years has done, and when the expo- 
sition closes there will be none among the people of the United States who 
can go home, I am sure, feeling more pleasure in their efforts displayed 
than can my old friends and fellow citizens of the state of Iowa." 



HON. LAFAYETTE YOUNG'S ADDRESS. 

Hon. Lafayette Young was then introduced, and said: 

"Mr. Chairman and Fellow-Citizens: It remains for me to say the 
final words upon this great occasion. As your chairman has said, I am a 
native of Iowa and take, therefore, unusual pride in everything that per- 
tains to the state. As a youth and man I remember almost everything that 

has transpired for the glory and up- 
building of the state. I saw the 
early railway trains, knew all the 
hardships of the time when we had 
no railways, and therefore am bet- 
ter able to appreciate the marve- 
lous achievements and convenienc- 
es that are now enjoyed in our own 
state and everywhere at the pres- 
ent time. These represent the prog- 
ress of time. Iowa — a place where 
you can leave your farmhouse un- 
locked every night with perfect 
safety; a place where fewer people 
are unable to speak the English 
language; a place containing a 
larger portion of America's citizen- 
ship than any other. The state 
which has always taken pride in ed- 
ucation and reading. These circum- 
stances, these facts, are sources of 
great pride, but we must recall that we made it upon historic ground. A 
century ago we had no authority over this ground. 

"It ought to be easy enough for one who has spent all his years in 
Iowa to talk about the state, and it ought to be easy also for all who have 
lived within our borders to find more to praise than to criticise. 

"Iowa came into the Union as the twenty-ninth state, on December 28, 
1846, with a population of 102,388. With a territory larger than England 
and VN/'ales, she attracted but little of the world's attention. Our land was 
marked upon the map. The two great rivers were our eastern and west- 
ern borders, but at that time the best lands anywhere were a drug on the 
market. 

"Our people have no peculiarities. We have not even a strut, a drawl, 
a swagger, a style of dress, nor even a profanity of our own. We are sim- 




LAFAYETTE YOUNG. Des Moines. 



264 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

ply part of the great American world, with a mission to develop ourselves, 
improve our resources and to feed the world. Our people have gathered 
from other states and other countries so gradually that they have polished 
their characteristics off by contact. 

"Iowa has no towering mountains, no great hills, no endless plains, 
no awful chasms. Nature left us free from convulsions, and a broad com- 
mon sense has protected us from revolution. 

"We do not grow crops in such abundance as to fertilize our acres 
with rotten grain one year, only to grow nothing the next year. Our bless- 
ings are in moderation; our afflictions likewise. We grow something ev- 
eryyear — always enough and to spare. Our progress has been as steady 
as our landscape is regular. 

"It is not surprising that the men who first settled in Iowa were self- 
reliant. Our condition and circumstances teach that. We produce a great- 
er variety of soil products than any other state. If all the states on our 
borders were swallowed up by an encroaching and remorseless sea, and 
all the ports thus created were blockaded against all the world, our people 
might live a thousand years, missing no creature comfort; sacrificing few 
luxuries. We produce everything necessary to sustain human life; all 
things needed to build cities, to promote great enterprises. Our forests 
abound with woods ready for the axe of necessity or the chisel of art; the 
earth is rich with minerals, yielding everything except gold and silver. If 
the world were narrowed down to our boundaries we might continue to be 
a well-fed well-clothed and prosperous people. 

"The gross products of Iowa agriculture in less than seven years 
would pay the United States debt, as it was at the close of the Civil War." 

MILITARY PARADE. 

The Fifty-fourth Regiment, Iowa National Guard, which participated 
in the great military parade incident to the dedication of the World's Pair 
by the President of the United States, was in command of Lieutenant Col. 
Frank W. Bishop, of Muscatine, and with the regimental band made a very 
fine appearance. 

The regiment also acted as escort to President Roosevelt at Keokuk, 
Iowa, and also at Hannibal, Mo. The President highly complimented the 
Iowa troops and personally thanked Colonel Bishop. 

A battalion of the Fifty-fourth Regiment also acted as escort to the 
President at Oskaloosa, under Major E. E. Lambert. 

Colonel Bishop's official report appears in the Adjutant-General's re- 
port for 1903, pages 102-103, General Orders No. 4, paga 244. 

Iowa's division was one of the largest in the military parade. It con- 
sisted of Governor Albert B. Cummins and the following oflicsrs and com- 
panies: 

Personal Staff. — Colonel I. B. Santee, aid-de-camp; Colonel Charles E. 
Mitchell, aid-de-camp; Colonel A. A. Penquile, aid-de-camp; Colonel Wal- 
ter M. Davis, aid-de-camp; Colonel Charles W. Bopp, aid-de-camp; Colonel 
Herbert M. Bigelow, aid-de-camp; Colonel James Rush Lincoln, aid-de- 
camp. 

Governor's Staff. — Brigadier General Melvin H. Byers, Adjutant Gen- 



THE EXPOSITION DEDICATED. 265 

«ral; Colonel John C. Loper, Quartermaster General; Colonel John F. 
Prime, Inspector General; Colonel Hugh B. Hedge, Commissary General; 
Colonel Wilton McCarthy, Surgeon General; Colonel Charles G. Saunders, 
Judge Advocate General; Colonel W. E. H. Morse, Inspector General Small 
Arms Practice; Colonel Edward G. Pratt, Chief of Engineers; Colonel 
Charles S. Crall, Chief Signal Officer; Major Joe Beeson, Military Secre- 
tary; Major John T. Hume, Assistant Inspector General. 

Lieutenant Colonel Frank W. Bishop, of Muscatine, commanding the 
Fifty-fourth Regiment, infantry, Iowa National Guard; twelve companies; 
three battalion organizations; Major John A. Dunlap, first battalion, Keo- 
kuk; Major Elliot E. Lambert, second battalion, Newton; Major Frank E. 
Wetherell, third battalion, Oskaloosa; surgeon. Major David S. Fairchild, 
Jr., Clinton; assistant surgeons. Lieutenant D. Arthur Jay, Eldora, and Lieu- 
tenant A. B. Deering, Boone; Captain Daniel A. Emery, regimental adju- 
tant, Ottumwa; Captain J. G. Gushing, inspector small arms practice, Du- 
buque; Lieutenant C. J. Wilson,, commissary and acting quartermaster, 
Washington; Captain Wm. H. Frost, chaplain, Oskaloosa; First Lieutenant 
Isaac N. Bowen, battalion adjutant, Chariton; First Lieutenant Harry 
Kern, battalion adjutant, Muscatine; First Lieutenant J. F. Kerfoot, bat- 
talion adjutant, Ottumwa. 

Twelve companies, consisting of two officers and forty-two enlisted 
men. — Co. A, Captain F. C. Ingram, Albia; Co. B, Captain E. D. Middleton, 
Davenport; Co. C, Lieutenant Albert Capps, Muscatine; Co. D, Captain D. 
W. Harvey, Washington; Co. E, Captain G. C. Haynes, Centerville; Co. F, 
Second Lieutenant H. K. Spencer, Oskaloosa; Co. G, Captain C. E, Caugh- 
lan, Ottumwa; Co. H, Captain F. S. Holsteen, Burlington; Co. I, Captain 
R. P. Howell, Iowa City; Co. K, Captain L. H. Joy, Grinnell; Co. L, Captain 
H. T. Kennedy, Newton; Co. M, Captain E. E. Lucas, Fairfield. 

Regimental band, twenty-two men, Ottumwa. 

Making a total of regimental officers, including company officers, of 
forty-five; enlisted men, 544; grand total of 599. 

These troops were equipped with the magazine rifle, caliber 30. On 
the parade they wore their dress uniform, blue cap and white gloves. The 
troops traveled to St. Louis in their khaki uniforms, carrying with them 
their blankets, blanket bags and overcoats. 



The Exposition Buildings Dedicated 

The dedication ceremonies occurred April 30, 1903, and took place in 
the Liberal Arts Palace. The military parade was the greatest in the his- 
tory of the country west of the Mississippi River. The ceremonies were 
participated in by the joint committee of Congress, twenty-six foreign gov- 
ernments and representatives of forty states and territories. The program 
of the three days' ceremonies follows: 

April 30.— Invocation, Cardinal Gibbons; Hon. Thomas Carter, presi- 
dent National Commission, presiding; grand chorus of 2,800 voices, "The 
Heavens Proclaiming;" presentation of buildings to President of the Uni- 
ted States by President Francis; dedication of buildings. President Roose- 







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IOWA'S FLAG RAISING. 



267 



velt; address, ex-President Grover Cleveland; prayer, Bishop E. R. Hen- 
drix; benediction, Rt. Rev. Henry C. Potter. 

May 1. — Diplomatic Day. — Address, Hon. John M. Thurston, of the Na- 
tional Commission, presiding; address, President Francis; address, M. 
Jean J. Jusserand, French Ambassador; address, Senor de Ojeda, Spanish 
Minister. 

May 2. — Civic Parade; State Day; invocation by Rt. Rev. Wm. R. Har- 
per; address, William Lindsay, of the National Commission, presiding; ad- 
dress. Governor Dockery, of Missouri; address. Governor Odell, of New 
York; benediction. Rabbi Leon Harrison. 

The government sent the harbor defense man-of-war, the monitor Ar- 
kansas, to participate in the ceremonies, the largest sea-going vessel which 
ever ascended the Mississippi as far as St. Louis. 



Iowa's Flag Raising 




The unfurling of the Stars and Stripes over the 
Iowa State Building, on Tuesday, August 25, 1903, 
was one of the events during the constructive pe- 
riod of the World's Fair. The fact that Iowa was 
the first state building far enough along in con- 
struction for such an event was used by the expo- 
sition management in stimulating the activity of 
other states in starting or finishing their buildings. 
The account of this interesting ceremony was tele- 
graphed all over the country. 

Upon this occasion the Iowa Commission had 
placed the arrangements in charge of Commission- 
er W. T. Shepherd, superintendent of construction, 
through whose untiring energy the building had 
been so successfully constructed. 

After the flag had been unfurled, the partici- 
pants repaired to the shade of the trees near the 
Iowa Building, where short addresses were made. 
Commissioner W. T. Shepherd, in pointing to 
the Stars and Stripes floating on the summer 
breeze, said: 
"It is indeed a great pleasure to thus mark the progress of Iowa in its 
home building. The Iowa Commission has attempted to do conscientious 
work for the state, to assume the responsibilities and perform its part in 
this great exposition. This it wanted to do because Iowa considers herself 
an important part of the Louisiana Purchase, and, from the standpoint of 
patriotism, desires to perform her duty in every particular. 

"Iowa will not only be well represented in a state building and ex- 
hibits, but promises to supply a living exhibit second in numbers to no 
state in the Union unless it be your own state of Missouri. 

"Mr. President, the Iowa Building, now floating Old Glory, is presented 
to you for your inspection." 



TOWER 
IOWA BUILDING. 



IOWA'S FLAG RAISING. 



269 




*COMR. W. T. SHEPHERD, Harlan. 
Superintendent of Construction. 



President Francis Responds. 
In responding the president, David 
R. Francis, said: 

"Mr. Shepherd and Friends: Iowa 
has such a way of pace setting that I 
am at a loss, at times, to know wheth- 
er the Hawkeye state has not really 
had more to do with the binding of 
this exposition than my home state. 
Iowa has certainly 'shown us' Mis- 
sourians time and time again. When- 
ever we reach the fork in the road, it 
is always Iowa or an Iowa man who 
comes to the front to point out what 
the sign boards have failed to indi- 
dicate. Iowa has been loyal to the ex- 
position, and this demonstration of 
the progress of your building puts new 
life into our work. We can begin 
to see the end of the work on this 
beautiful plateau set apart for the state 
homes. This part of the grounds will have added beauty when the plants, 
shrubs, flowers and walks have been made ready. The walks will be of 
the finest material the exposition can procure and give an attractiveness 
never before attained at an exposition. 

"Iowa's progress demonstrates to us that we too must be active in the 
preparation of these grounds. 

"I congratulate you, Mr. Shepherd, and the Iowa . .--' -, 
Commission, upon the imposing appearance of your 
building. As it nears completion, it more than fulfills ~ 

your promises, and its classic architecture indicates 
clearly that no mistake was made when we assigned 
to your state this sightly location. 

"I want to say that the exposition will open on 
time, April 30, 1904, notwithstanding the numerous 
reports to the contrary." 

The flag was raised by Miss Minnie Bronson, a 
native of Iowa, who occupied a prominent position at 
the exposition in the department of education. 

Among the guests at the flag raising were Secre- 
tary W. B. Stevens, Mr. W. A. Kelsoe, superintendent 
of the press department; Mr. J. S. Crawford, of Cher- 
okee, Iowa, of the secretary's office, and Mr. Karl 
Hoblitzelle, of the office of director of works. 




MISS MTNNIE BRON- 
SON, 
Who Raised the Flag. 



"They asked me for a city and I have given them an empire." 




NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, 

Firts Consul of France, Who Sold Louisiana to the United States for $15,000,000. 

Napoleon Bonaparte was born August 15, 1769, at Ajaccio, Corsica; 
died May 5, 1821, at St. Helena. Educated in a military school and served 
as an officer in the army. Active life began with the revolution of 1789, 
after which he was driven out of Corsica into France. Entered French 
army; made First Consul, December 13, 1799; crowned Emperor Decem- 
ber 2, 1804. Made treaty to sell the Louisiana Territory to United States 
through Robert Livingston, April 30, 1803, making the transfer December 
20, same year. Sent by the English to St. Helena, October 15, 1815. 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 



271 



Louisiana Purchase Day at Iowa State Fair 

At a meeting held in the World's Fair tent on the state fair grounds 
at 11:30 a. m., Commissioner W. P. Harriman, vice president of the Iowa 
Commission for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, in introducing Dr. A. 
B. Storms, said: "Ladies and Gentlemen: I have the pleasure of intro- 
ducing to you the Rev. Dr. Storms, who is now president of one of the 
best, if not the best, college in the land — the College of Agriculture and 
Mechanic Arts, at Ames, Iowa." 

ADDRESS OF DR. A. B. STORMS. 

Mr. Chairman, Members 
of the Commission, Ladies 
and Gentlemen: I had the 
pleasure of meeting the other 
evening in Chicago a few of 
the alumni of the institution 
to M^hich I now have the honor 
+^0 belong as a freshman, and 
)ne of the recent graduates 
;aid that on an excursion day 
to the college one of the vis- 
tors who evidently did not 
inderstand where she had 
^one on visiting the grounds, 
came upon him in one of the 
shops where he was busy at 
work, and said to the young 
man, rather pityingly, "How 
long are you here for, and 
what were you sent here for?" 
And so it is just possible 
that there may be some of you 
here who do not quite under- 
stand what the college of 
Ames is, and I am therefore 

glad for such an introduction — it is a college of agriculture and mechanic 

arts. 

Extent of the Empire. 

We are here today under the auspices of the Commission of the Louis- 
iana Purchase Exposition, and especially the Iowa Commission, and our 
attention naturally should be called to the extent of this empire, for such 
it is. Napoleon said, "They asked me for a city, and I gave them an em- 
pire." It was the city of New Orleans especially they were after — these 
aggressive westerners of the Mississippi valley. They wanted access to 
the sea down the river, and they wanted the free access up the Mississippi 
river for the commerce that should go back and forth, and so these sturdy 
westerners were demanding that they have this free access through that 
territory and state. The westerners began to understand that they had 




A. B. STORMS, D. D., Ames, 
President Iowa State College. 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 273 

the rights of citizens; that they were free men; that they ought to have 
some views and representation and opportunity in the government of this 
new land. 

And so out of this Father of Waters there has sprung a new civiliza- 
tion. We call ourselves Anglo-Saxon and are proud of that fact. The 
Anglo-Saxons have thus far in human progress met and conquered races, 
enslaved them, and robbed them, and yet I believe, as some speaker has 
said, we have always left them richer, happier and freer than they had 
ever been before. The Anglo-Saxon is the conquering race, and yet I ven- 
ture to say here in the Mississippi valley we are developing a new civiliza- 
tion that has in it new features of civilization unknown to the Anglo- 
Saxon race in the old country. We have an immense empire in its wealth. 
I often dwell upon this thought and try to imagine all it contains. Let me 
give you a few dry statistics. They are dry only when they surpass the 
power to grasp them in the comprehension. 

Value of Products. 

In 1900 over one-half of the wheat product of the United States was 
within the territory of the Louisiana Purchase. It amounted to 264,000,000 
bushels, and was valued at $152,000,000. 

There were 1,013,000,000 bushels of corn raised that year in this terri- 
tory, valued at $314,000,000. There were 311,000,000 bushels of oats raised 
and marketed, at a value of $71,000,000, a little less than 40 per cent of 
the total yield of the country. Ten million dollars worth of barley and 
$2,000,000 worth of rye, with 25,000,000 bushels of potatoes and $130,000,000 
worth of hay. The cotton produced in this terirtory was worth $50,000,000 
that year, and the total valuation of all the products $755,000,000. 

Let us drink that in if we can. The products of a single year such as 
I have mentioned, just these items, amounting to $755,000,000. The wool 
produced in this region was $15,000,000 — over one^third the product of the 
United States, and a sum equivalent to the cost of the entire territory. 
We have live stock and farm animals valued at $825,000,000. It is esti- 
mated by the government experts that the agricultural products of a sin- 
gle year are 100 times the purchase price of this vast territory, and that 
means that one per cent of the products of a year would have paid tht; 
purchase price. 

The mines of gold and silver produce annually $88,000,000, and if lead, 
zinc and copper be added, $200,000,000. If to this is added the coal pro- 
duced, which in 1899 amounted to 22,000,000 tons, and the iron ore, amount- 
ing to 8,491,000 tons is also added, you will find the total of these items to 
be close to $300,000,000, making a total of both of $500,000,000 for a single 

An Empire in Size. 

President Francis, of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, quotes Mr. 
Austin, of the Bureau of Statistics, when he says that the territory of this 
region is so great that out of it could be carved the United Kingdom, and 
then you would have enough left to carve out the Netherlands, with still 
enough remaining to carve out Belgium and Holland. You would still have 
left a section out of which you could carve France, and still enough left to 
cut out the whole empire of Germany in extent, and yet enough from 



274 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

which to carve Spain, and still it is not exhausted, for you could cut the 
boot of Italy out of what is left and from the fragments and pieces remain- 
ing you could piece out Switzerland. It is simply amazing and almost 
passes the power of comprehension, and yet in this territory we have not 
more than one-fourteenth of the population that crowds the countries I 
have mentioned in the Old World. 

Iowa First to Raise Flag. 
If you turn to this state of Iowa which occupies a most prominent and 
gratifying place in the Louisiana Purchase and to the exposition to be 
held in commemoration, we are proud this morning that our flag floats 
above the Iowa Building in St. Louis. This building is to be an honor to 
the state and is already an honor to the enterprise of the Commissioners 
in that it is the first state building to be erected and the first to float the 
flag from its dome. 

Iowa Real Estate and Products. 

If we turn to the statistics as furnished by Professor Kennedy and 
based upon the "United States census, we find that we have in Iowa 229,000 
farms, with a population of 2,250,000. We have in acres, 35,856,000. The 
improved land in Iowa is 86.5 per cent of the whole territory. The farms 
are valued at $865,000,000. I do not know whether this is based upon the 
assessment value or not, but if it is you could not buy Iowa farms for 
twice that sum. The assessment value somehow has not yet quite come 
up to the actual selling price of farm lands. 

Live stock in Iowa in a year amounts to $191,000,000. The wheat cov- 
ers 1,689,000 acres; corn covers 9,800,000 acres. We have 700 square miles 
of coal fields. Our manufactures number 15,000, and employ 59,000 men. 

The farmers of Iowa pay for labor in a single year $1,300,000 of good, 
hard cash, and Iowa feeds her live stock in a single year provisions 
amounting to $100,000,000. 

The agricultural products of Iowa in a year amount to $400,000,000, 
nearly, but not quite, these figures. Professor Kennedy tells me — a little 
more than $1,000,000 a day. 

I asked Professor Curtiss the other day what was the net increase 
of products which he believed to be due in the last twenty-five 
years in Iowa to the use of improved agricultural implements and the 
application of science to farming. He said 40 to 50 per cent increase in 
the value of the products above the expense involved in the production. 
This is a sufficiently conclusive argument and testimony as to the value 
of the scientific and improved methods in agriculture. 

This thought I want to leave with you, and that is that our wealth in 
America and in the valley of the Mississippi and in this territory and state 
is the creation of industry. The immense wealth of the old em- 
pires was not from the increase of industry, but was the result of extor- 
tion. Emperors ruled subject territories and wrung from them treasures 
until Rome became immoral, wealthy and corrupt. 

Wealth from the Soil. 

We have created a wealth in this territory out of the soil. It has been 
wrought out by industry and genius; by ingenuity; by improved methods; 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 275 

by the mixing of brains with the soil. It is the product of industry. 
Now, if I may take a moment in which to say that which comes to me with 
even more force. It is time for us not simply to glory over this wealth 
and the promise of the future, but time for us now to ask what divine 
providence probably has in mind in putting these trusts into our hands. 

Professor Henry was accustomed when conducting laboratory experi- 
ment classes to say to his students, "Now be still a moment; I am going 
to ask God a question." 

The discoverer of the planet Neptune, when the star floated into the 
field of his telescope, exclaimed, "The heavens declare the glory of God 
and the firmament showeth His handiwork." 

When Morse had completed the first electrical telegraph, the first 
message sent was this, "Behold what God hath wrought." 

And now we stand in the presence of this immense wealth and the 
immense opportunity of this day, and it behooves us to stop and ask, 
What does God mean? 

Almighty God has a plan and a purpose for men, and unless they rev- 
erently inquire of him and then obey they are likely to find deterioration 
and then decay in the varied riches which they possess. 

A New Ideal of Liberty. 

One of the things, surely, that God intends for us I believe is to work 
out a new ideal of freedom. A new ideal of liberty has been wrought, and 
that ideal is equality of opportunity. The old thought of freedom consist- 
ed in the belief of class distinction, and the aristocracy created by the 
crown was perpetuated thus from generation to generation, and carried 
with it special privileges. The aristocracy of education shows the edu- 
cated class only, and the great mass of people simply existed with only the 
right and privilege of serving their fellows. You know the old rhyme: 

"The king said, I rule all; 
' The soldier said, I fight for all; 

The priest said, I pray for all; 
John Bull said, I pay for all." 

That stage is past, A new ideal of liberty has been wrought, and that 
is equality of opportunity. It does not mean that all men are to be forced 
into artificial equality, but that men shall have a chance without these ar- 
tificial barriers of class privileges. That idea of making men equal by 
force, a sort of rude socialism, is about as sensible as the scheme of the 
Kansas farmer who tried to cross a strawberry plant with a milk-weed, so 
that he might raise strawberries and cream. There are distinctions you 
cannot ignore. 

Now, on this western soil, these Mississippi bottoms and these Mis- 
souri bottoms, there has sprung some of our grandest men. Under the 
old class distinctions and prejudices they never would have had a chance. 
We are proud as a nation today of the Middle West. Many great and 
good men and some of our statesmen have come from this region; and, 
more than this, the republican and the democratic ideals that have given 
our country such distinct merit have sprung largely from this western 
land. One of the ideals, then, is that of liberty, and I believe we ought 



276 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

to know how to protect it. I speak now what comes to me as a serious 
problem. I believe our country must have a care about the immigrants 
that are flooding to our shores. If the rate of increase goes on we shall 
have a million of immigrants landing this current year. I do not think 
we can shut ourselves in or build a barb-wire fence around our country 
and enjoy all of our civilization alone. We will rot if we attempt to do 
that; but I do believe that the institutions which we have in this country 
are of such a character and so precious that under the guidance of Provi- 
dence we need to guard them and to do whatever seems necessary for 
their safety and well-being. If the time shall come when foreigners are 
essential, and many foreigners are — I am not speaking disparagingly now 
of foreigners, for we cannot any of us go back very many generations 
without striking that blood ourselves — but I am speaking strictly of the 
class that threatens us, and I say again we must do anything that may be 
necessary to safeguard our institutions and ideals. We must not allow it 
to be flooded. It means absolute destruction to us to allow that. 

Responsibilities of Freedom. 

Our Congress must take this question into consideration more serious- 
ly than it has yet done. There must be a guarding of this precious thing — 
freedom. There is something very beautiful about it, and I feel myself 
very strongly in sympathy with the extending of our civilization so wide 
that it shall reach man, because he is a man and citizen. And yet I think 
that needs to be guarded; there needs to be some measure of justice and 
some recognition of the responsibility of freedom, else we might not be 
safe in its exercise. 

And yet I want to say, on the other hand, 1 am glad for the generosity 
of Americans. Under our own flag there has been an invitation to the for- 
eigner to come and share and help people our possessions; to help build 
institutions to teach the world. I think this western section has a mission 
to perform. Our eastern people are looking across the Atlantic. They 
have the prejudices, in some measure, of the Europeans, but in this land 
of the Mississippi valley we know what democracy is, though it is some- 
times crudely expressed. 

Andrew Jackson "broke into" politics in 1829, a western man in the 
rough. He did not understand the east, nor the east him. But he repre- 
sented the force of the west. That was a red-letter day for the nation. 
That force of the west has been expressing itself in both political parties 
ever since. 

Tile Exposition an Educator. 

The New Yorker, the man of the east, cannot yet understand the 
westerner and the west, only as he comes here and is awakened to the 
tremendous significance of the Middle-West. So I believe our Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition will be a great educational force in this nation. This 
country will not be after that the same in its sentiment, and in its valua- 
tion of things that it was before. It will be broader in every way. The 
Chicago Exposition had a wide educational influence upon the east, and 
they will need more education, and we are here to give it to them in all 
humility. We need help ourselves. We who have never seen the Atlantic 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 277 

ocean are not quite free from prejudices belonging to us, and we need 
to see what the east is doing and to be brought into touch with it. This 
country will be brought into closer touch by this exposition. 

Let me say this, that I believe it to be in the purpose of Almighty God 
that there should be conserved here those ennobling qualities of character 
which have been our ultimate resource in every time of need. We have 
had some leaders from the west who have taught us something of the 
elemental gradeur of simple manhood. Lincoln was one of these. Doctor 
Pope tells this story of Lincoln: There was a little pettifoger in Lincoln's 
town with whom Lincoln had had some difficulty, not personally, but in 
the course of business, and he most thoroughly despised the fellow. One 
day in the hotel lobby Lincoln was listening to a conversation between 
some bystanders. They were talking about the transmigration of souls, 
the idea being that in the beginning everybody had a soul, and when one 
person died and another person was born, the soul of the dying passed to 
the next one born. Lincoln said, upon being questioned, that he did not 
know much about it, but if that was the case, when S — • was born, refer- 
ring to his despised neighbor, it must have been that nobody died. 

In the "Memoirs of Grant," when that came out, Matthew Arnold, the 
critic of England, read it and said that Grant "lacked distinction." A 
friend and classmate of mine, hearing of this criticism given by Matthew 
Arnold, said, "Poor Matt. ! When he gets to heaven he won't like God." 

So I have a sort of a feeling that we have a lesson to teach the world 
still as to that elemental manhood out of which civilizations and political 
governments are enduringly developed. There has never been found such 
freedom as is found here on this western soil. But it behooves us to do 
our duty. 

On the field of Saratoga there is a monument erected to the four gen- 
erals who fought there. There is place for a bronze statue at each cor- 
ner. Under one niche is the name of Horatio Gates, and his statue in the 
niche. In another corner is the statue and the name of Schuyler, and in 
another the statue and the name of Morgan. The other niche is left sig- 
nificantly empty, and under it simply the name of Benedict Arnold. 

Other civilizations have failed and found judgment, and so may we, 
unless in addition to the material development and wealth — unless in ad- 
dition to our liberty, civil and political — there shall come that transfigur- 
ing power of the spirit that expresses itself in lofty ideals which shall save 
us from failure. 

I thank you for your kind indulgence. 



PORTRAITS IN FIRE. 

In celebrating Louisiana Purchase Day the state fair management ar- 
ranged for a fireworks display at the evening performance showing mam- 
moth likenesses of Thomas Jefferson, President Francis and President 
Larrabee. 




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IOWA BUILDING DEDICATED. 279 

Editors Inspect the Fair 

On November 13 and 14, 1903, the Southern Iowa editors, with Mr. L. 
S. Robinson, Glenwood, president, and Mr. O. E. Hull, Leon, secretary, and 
about eighty-five in the party, visited St. Louis and the exposition grounds. 
They were met at the hotel by special cars and taken to the Administra- 
tion Building, where a reception was tendered them in the ofiice of Pres- 
ident Francis. Secretary Stevens and Director of Exhibits F. J. V. Skiff 
delivered welcoming speeches, giving a little insight into the history of 
the exposition and its plans. 

In responding to these addresses of welcome, the president of the 
association, Mr. L. S. Robinson, editor of the "Glenwood Opinion," said: 

"Responding to the address of welcome to the city of St. Louis and to 
your grand achievements in opening the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 
in behalf of the editorial association of Southern Iowa, I wish to return 
my sincere thanks and the thanks of our association for the honor thus 
conferred. I have been filled with wonderment at the vastness of your 
undertaking and accomplishments. Being from Iowa, you need show us 
nothing but courtesy and good treatment; being from a prohibition state, 
the latter we can stand often. Your fame, like Solomon's of old, has gone 
forth into the remote kingdoms of the earth; and, like Queen Sheba, we 
have come to learn for ourselves, and now that we have seen and heard, 
we can cry aloud in the language of the ancient queen, 'The half has never 
been told.' And may our visit to your exposition be as fruitful of good in 
a financial way as was Queen Sheba's to Solomon, and may you receive a 
hundred fold 'six hundred, three score and six talents of gold.' " 

A luncheon was given the editors in one of the dining rooms at the 
Administration Building, and Secretary Stevens acted as master of cere- 
monies. Miss Florence Hayward, one of the foreign commissioners for 
the exposition, was introduced and gave a few inside facts on how she se- 
cured the Queen's Jubilee presents for the exposition. Secretary Stevens 
had announced that the men commissioners had failed in an attempt to 
bring about this concession, and it was left to Miss Hayward — a woman — 
to consumate the deal. Her reminiscences were greeted with applause 
and laughter by the editors. Miss Hayward was very modest in claiming 
the credit, saying that the reason for her success was simply that she was 
not limited in her appointment, she having been made a commissioner on 
the same basis as the men. She said also that the St. Louis Exposition 
was in advance of all other exposition ever held in that there would be 
but one standard for the sexes. After luncheon the editors were taken in 
carriages for a tour of the exposition grounds. 



Iowa Building Dedicated 

On Saturday, November 14, 1903, the Iowa State Building was dedi- 
cated. The Iowa Commission, through the chairman of the executive 
committee, Hon. W. W. Witmer. and the secretary, arranged for a lunch- 
eon for the occasion, having representatives of the exposition management 
and the Southern Iowa editors as guests. 



280 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 




FREDERICK M. SMITH, Lamoni 
Chaplain Dedication Iowa Bldg-. 



The invocation was delivered by Mr. Frederick M. Smith, editor of 
"The Saints' Herald," of Lamoni, Iowa, the official organ of the Reorgan- 
ized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. 

Mr. Smith graduated from the Iowa City 
Academy in 1894, took a preparatory course 
in the Iowa State University, and graduated 
from Graceland College, Lamoni, in 1898, as 
B. S. He was ordained as an elder in the 
church, at present holding the position of 
first counselor to President Joseph Smith, his 
father. He takes a great interest in state 
affairs and is president of the Decatur Coun- 
ty Historical Society, a branch of the Iowa 
state organization at Iowa City. 

Being a prominent and working member 
of the Southern Iowa Editorial Association, 
he has naturally been selected as its chap- 
lain. 

Invocation by Frederick IVI. Smith. 
"Our Father in heaven, we acknowledge 
our dependence upon Thee for life and its 
blessings, and we are grateful to Thee, oh 
God, that Thou art mindful of our needs, physical as well as spiritual. 
We accept these viands as being from Thy bounteous hand, and return 
Thee thanks therefor. Bless them to our use, and us to Thy service. 
Bless us as we partake, and in our 
gathering on this occasion, and re- 
member our needs as individuals. 
Strengthen us for our duties, and 
Thine be the praise and the glory, 
now and forever. Amen." 

Chairman Witmer, in introduc- 
ing President Francis, said that it 
was indeed a pleasure for him, rep- 
resenting, as he was, the Iowa Com- 
mission, to have the honor of being 
the first to invite to Iowa's own 
building the representatives of the 
press of Iowa and the exposition 
management. The Iowa Commis- 
sion feels indebted to President 
Francis and his co-laborers for the 
many social courtesies to the state 
officers and Commissioners during 
the preliminary work, and the time 
has come when these pleasures 
may in a measure be returned, and w. w. witmer, 

it is the desire of the representa- chairman Press and Exploitation Committee 




IOWA DAY CEREMONIES. 



281 



lives of the state that this gathering today may be but a beginning of 
many like occasions during the life of the exposition. 

PRESIDENT FRANCIS. 

David R. Francis, president of the Exposition Company, in respond- 
ing, said that the state of Iowa was not indebted to the exposition for 
favors shown, but that the obligations, on the other hand, seemed to him 
to be on the opposite side of the ledger, "In fact, Mr. Chairman, we will 
never be able to repay in any degree the favors which have been shown 
us by your state and your people. Iowa has been with us from the start, 
and our obligations are even now past redemption. It is a great pleasure 
to be here today to join with you in the opening of your beautiful building 
and in dedicating it to the exposition for use during the term of the fair.. 
Iowa has already won so many grand prizes and gold medals that I fear 
the exposition company will be bankrupt in its attempt to pay Iowa's win- 
nings. The work of your state, and especially of the Commission, and the 
good friends at Washington and Des Moines, will never be forgotten, and 
I assure you now that in every consideration we shall keep Iowa and 
Iowa's interests uppermost in our minds." 

President Francis then spoke of the prominence of Iowa people in the 
exposition (see Iowa at the World's Fair) and in the work of exploitation 
stated that Iowa had advanced more than any other state, adding that he 
wished to take this ocasion to extend the thanks of the exposition manage- 
ment for the generous support and aid which Iowa had given in bringing 
about this present condition. 



FREDERICK W. LEHMANN. 




FREDERICK W. LEHMANN. 



Hon. Frederick W. Lehmann, 
whom Chairman Witmer intro- 
duced as an Iowa man of whom 
Iowa was ever proud and were 
still prone to claim, gave a glow- 
ing account of the exposition 
work. In his beautiful word pic- 
ture of the benefits of such an ex- 
postion, he paused to ask, "Does 
it pay to erect these mammoth 
buildings, which, in a short time, 
are to be torn down and re- 
moved?" In answering, he said, 
"The pyramids of Egypt, erected 
to endure for centuries, were built 
to gratify the vanity of ancient 
kings, and told stories of oppres- 
sion and bondage. All the vast ex- 
pense of the exposition marks the 
progress and achievement of cen- 
turies of civilization and blazes 
the way for future progress and 



282 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

development." He then paid a tribute to the American schools, and 
likened the great exposition to the schools of our land. You may burn or 
destroy the schoolhouse, but you cannot destroy the useful lessons that 
have been implanted therein. 

Mr. Edward W. Egan, of the "Atlantic Telegraph," responded to "The 
Southern Editors," and wittingly referred to the generous entertainment 
which had been afforded them, and said that if there had been anything 
in their minds concerning opposition either to the great exposition or to 
the Iowa Commission, such thought had most surely been dispelled by the 
marked attention shown to the editorial party on every side while guests 
in St. Louis. 

Mr. I. N. Beard, of the "Osceola Democrat," responded to the toast, 
"Iowa," and Professor WJ McGee, an Iowa man, now chief of the depart- 
ment of anthropology, spoke of the department which he represents, and 
the study of man. 

Mr. Mark Bennett, chief of the press bureau, who had been the con- 
stant guide and entertainer of the editors, responded to the toast, "The 
Ladies." 

To Be a Temple of Music. 

Chairman Witmer announced that it was the intention of President 
and Mrs. Larrabee to install in the Iowa Building a very handsome pipe 
organ, it being their idea to make "Iowa," during the exposition periodi, a. 
veritable temple of music, and an agreeable place for visitors and exposi- 
tion people to make headquarters. A most cordial invitation was extended 
to every member of the press to make the Iowa Building their headquar- 
ters, with assurance that ample provisions would be made for accommo- 
dations. This opportunity was taken to thank all the editors for the very 
generous help given to the Iowa Commission in the work of exploitation. 
It pleased him, he said, to hear the statement from President Francis that 
Iowa's work was appreciated. 



Louisiana Purchase Flag Day 

A new day has been added to the list of celebrations. In stimulating 
activity among the schools of Iowa, the department of education, under 
Commissioner James H. Trewin and Superintendent F. J. Sessions, enlist- 
ed the support of State Superintendent Richard C. Barrett. Governor 
Cummins issued a proclamation naming December 20, 1903, the 99th an- 
niversary of the formal transfer of the Louisiana Territory to the United 
States as Louisiana Purchase Flag Day (see Proclamations). 

Although the time was short to arrange for a general observance, the 
capitol building and all the state buildings were appropriately decorated 
for the occasion and in many schools commemorative exercises were held.. 

At the April meeting of the Commission, Commissioner Trewin intro- 
duced a resolution reciting the fact that as the 20th of the following De- 
cember would be the 100th anniversary of the transfer of the Louisiana 
Territory to the United States, the Commission urge a general observance 
of this centennial in the schools of the state. 

He asked also to have the time set for Friday, December 18, owing to 



LOUISIANA PURCHASE FLAG DAY. 28.^ 

the fact that the 20th would fall on Sunday. The Commission unanimous- 
ly approved the resolution. Steps were taken at once to bring about a 
proper observance of the day. 

The Department of Public Instruction issued a thirty-two-page illus- 
trated pamphlet on "The Centennial of the Louisiana Purchase, 1903" 
(see biennial report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of the 
state of Iowa, November 1, 1903, pages 101-134). This pamphlet contains 
an introduction by Governor Cummins and by Superintendent Barrett, a& 
follows : 

Introduction. 

"There is no event in the history of America that should be celebrated 
by the people of Iowa with more fervor than the transfer of the territory 
which now comprises the state, from France to the United States. There 
is no day that should be remembered v/ith deeper patriotic gratitude by 
the citizens of this commonwealth than the day upon which the flag of the 
Republic supplanted the flag of the empire. Let us not forget that it is 
through this event that we must trace our title to he immortal rights and 
dignities of the Declaration of Independence, to the glories of the War of 
the Revolution, and to the priceless heritage of the Constitution. The day 
is not only significant to Iowa, but to the country and the world. The 
nation has marched with mighty strides toward leadership in all the af- 
fairs of the earth. Who can say where we would have been in the race of 
progress had the Mississippi river continued to be our western boundary? 
The men of 1803 builded better than they knew, for the Providence that 
works with steady purpose for the good of humanity inspired their course. 
The recognition, year by year, of this vital day in the history of the land 
can but make us worthier of the unequaled privileges we enjoy. 

"ALBERT B. CUMMINS, Governor of Iowa." 



"To the Teachers of Iowa — The Department of Public Instruction, in 
preparing this leaflet, aims to awaken a greater interest in the history of 
Iowa and her institutions, and of the Louisiana Territory, its discoverers, 
explorers, early settlers, and resources, and to call the attention of the 
citizens of our state to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, to be held in 
St. Louis in 1904. 

"In part, our object will have been attained if this little publication 
serves to incite further study — not only in libraries, but in newspapers 
and magazines and in public addresses from the pulpit and platform — of 
the great underlying principles of self-government. 

"While the teacher should at all times teach the principles of true cit- 
izenship, he may frequently, with beneficial results, have special day ex- 
ercises, and with enthusiasm kindle in the minds of his pupils considera- 
tion of the public good, the welfare of the nation, and the interests of man- 
kind. 

*Tt has been deemed appropriate to designate Friday, December 18th 
(the 20th being Sunday), as Louisiana Purchase Flag Day for the schools. 
On the latter date at New Orleans in 1803, the Spanish government of 
I^uisiana surrendered the province to the Commissioner of France, who 



284 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

immediately transferred it to the government of the United States, which 
assumed formal sovereignty and raised the American flag. 

"That the teachers of the state of Iowa will prepare suitable exercises 
commemorating the centennial anniversary of this, one of the very great- 
est events in the history of the Republic, is a fond hope and an earnest 
desire. 

*^'Grateful acknowledgement is due to all who have contributed to the 
text, and to the Iowa Commission Louisiana Purchase Exposition, and its 
officers. 

"RICHARD C. BARRETT, Supt. Public Instruction." 



This pamphlet contained many historical articles and topics for study, 
selection appropriate of the times for recitations, facts concerning the ex- 
position and the work of the Iowa Commission. Twenty-five thousand cop- 
ies were printed and distributed among the common and high schools of 
the state. 

Hon. J. H. Vaill, Commissioner for Connecticut, wrote Superintendent 
of Public Instruction R. C. Barrett: "After carefully reading the school 
leaflet issued from your office I can readily understand why Iowa leads the 
Louisiana Purchase states." 

At the request of Commissioner Trewin ,the secretary took up the cor- 
respondence with school superintendents, and at the time of the Decem- 
ber 2, 1903, meeting of the Commission, reported that practically three- 
fifths of the schools of the state were then in the work of preparation for 
special programs to be given on December 18th, designated by the Gover- 
nor and State Superintendent of Public Instruction as Louisiana Purchase 
Flag Day. It was the desire that the celebration of this day be made uni- 
versal, if possible, and where towns and cities could be interested in hold- 
ing public services, this should be done. (See Report of Department of 
Education.) 



THE DAY CELEBRATED. 

The department of education estimates that 700,000 pupils in 13,000 
schoolrooms in Iowa celebrated Louisiana Purchase Flag Day. Many Iowa 
officials and patriotic citizens made addresses at the schools and the day 
was generally observed as a holiday. Among the addresses delivered was 
the following, at the Northwestern Iowa Teachers' Association, at Sioux 
City, 1903, by Hon. Henry Sabin, for many years Superintendent of Public 
Instruction : 



The Purchase of Louisiana 

By Henry Sabin. 

France made heroic efforts to retain a foothold on the American con- 
tinent. Her last hope failed when Montcalm surrendered at Quebec and 
England took possession of the Ohio valley east of the Mississippi. 

In 1762 France ceded to Spain all that remained of her territory on 
the continent. The treaty was signed by Louis XV, and for a long time 



ADDRESS OF HENRY SARIN. 



285 




HENRY SABIN. Des Moines 



was held as a state secret. But at 
the commencement of the nineteenth 
century, a century destined to be a 
marvel among centuries, things took 
on new political shade. Napoleon 
was casting the shadow which trou- 
bled all Europe. It was known to 
the great powers that he was schem- 
ing to regain Louisiana, and to build 
at New Orleans a French city, to be 
at the head of a colonial empire. 
He was the man for the hour. Eng- 
land was watching with her fleets 
and armies ready for any emergency. 
A great prize was perhaps within her 
reach. Spain was weak and vacillat- 
ing and Napoleon, eager to check- 
mate England, in need of ready mon- 
ey to carry out his plans, was anx- 
ious to seal the contract. 



Activity of Jefferson. 

Jefferson did not hesitate, for hesitation and timidity w^ould have been 
fatal to his plans. He gave full power to his ministers, Monroe and Liv- 
ingston, to finish the transaction. He even urged haste on their part. Con- 
gress had given him no power, and certainly he found no warrant in the 
federal constitntion. Still, like Lincoln, who found his warrant in the ne- 
cessities of the hour, Jefferson met the emergency in order to save the 
^uture of the nation. The purchase of Louisiana was the one great act 
which put the mark of statesman upon Thomas Jefferson. With far-seeing 
wisdom, born of that Providence which time and again has guided the des- 
tiny of America, he forecast the future, and gave the nation, even in its 
youth, its first impetus on its way to the mastsry of the continent. 

The situation w^as this: The Atlantic on the east and the Mississippi 
on the west barred an expansion in either direction. Florida cut us off 
from any approach to the gulf. England controlled the ocean by her fleets 
and Spain opened and closed the port of New Orleans to our commeico as 
suited her own plans. Among the states and in Congress there was no 
union of purpose. The years since the adoption of the constitution were 
not sufiicient to solidify us into one people. It took the years of the Civil 
War to do that. The states bordering upon the river were urgent in their 
demand that we take New Orleans and hold it if necessary by force and 
at the risk of a wa."* with Spain or France. 

The Hesitation of the East. 

On the Atlantic coast the wisest statesman had no thought of our com- 
ing greatness. To them the lands beyond the river were as full of vague 
suggestions as are those of the world to come. They said: "We possess 
all the land we can govern, and more than we can populate in the next 
century." 



286 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

The doctrine of state rights, which was so prevalent during anti-slav- 
ery days, was born in New England, and the Massachusetts senators in 
Congress were its cnief champions. This question must he met: "Are we 
to remain a second-class people, existing only through the suffrance of 
other nations; or shall we open our doors to th<= emigrants of all lands 
and eventually enter the contest for leadership among the nations of the 
world?" At first even the great mind of Jefferson failed to comprehend it, 
and he expected Livingston and Monroe to treat for a narrow strip of land 
on the west bank, the mouth of the river and the city of Nbw Orleans. 
They were to pay $2,000,000. 

Surprised and Embarrassed. 

Jefferson and his supporters were astonished when information 
reached them that the envoys had guaranteed the payment of $15,000,000, 
and more than doubled the territory of the United States as it then exist- 
ed. Livingston and Monroe did not dare to wait for instructions. England 
was preparing her fleets for war with France, and New Orleans was her 
objective point. Napoleon urged haste. "England," he said, "knows all 
that is going on at Washington, but she has no intimation of my designs." 
The treaties — there were three of them necessary — were made and signed 
on the 30th day of April, 1803. It was a narrow margin. Within ninety 
days of that dat? England might be in full possession of New Orleans, 
from which it would be impossible to dislodge her. New Orleans would 
have been converted into a second Gibraltar and the Red Cross of St. 
George would have been nailed to the mast. Events were forced upon us. 
We were building better than we knew, and when the issue was fully 
known we were forced to exclaim, "What hath God wrought!" What Jef- 
ferson began in 1803, Jackson finished in 1815, and never since Packenham 
and his army of 15,000 men were defeated has England cherished a hope 
of establishing her power west of the Mississippi. Nations as well as in- 
dividuals have dreams, and this dream of England's proved to be only a 
passing vision of the night. 

Jefferson was not only astonished, but he was greatly embarrassed. 
The magnitude of the transaction exceeded his imagination. Would Con- 
gress ratify the treaty and make the necessary provisions for carrying it 
out? The Federalists were exceedingly bitter and the result promised to 
he doubtful. This was Jefferson's opportunity. His enemies were his sal- 
vation. He made the ratification of the treaties an administration mea- 
sure, and rallied his friends to his aid. On the 17th of October, Jefferson 
sent his message to Congress and in two days the treaties were ratified, 
and soon after the necessary provisions for carrying them out were made 
in the House by a vote of 90 to 25. Was the act unconstitutional? Jef- 
ferson at first thought it was, but he found his doubts all cleared away 
when the suggestion was made to him that he was acting under that clause 
which gives the President and the Senate power to make and ratify treat- 
ies. It proyed not to be the last time in which an unconstitutional act has 
been done in the name of the constitution. 



LOUISIANA PURCHASE FLAG DAY. 287 

A Change in the Map. 
But the deed was done, and with one stroke of his pen Jefferson 
changed the course of national growth. The nineteenth century has on its 
books but one act equal to it, and that was when Lincoln signed the Eman- 
cipation Proclamation. 

When the eighteenth century closed Spain nominally possessed the 
land west of the river. There was, however, in existence a secret treaty 
by which Spain retroceded Louisiana to France. On the 30th of Novem- 
ber, 1803, the flag of Spain gave place to that of France. In twenty days, 
December 20, 1803, the tri-colored flag of France gave place to the Stars 
and Stripes. There were stately ceremonies which we have not time to 
follow. The memories of victories and defeats, of Montcalm and Cham- 
plain, of Marquett and La Salle, of lands solemnly dedicated to the realm 
of France under Louis XV, always joined with the gorgeous ceremonies of 
the Church, throng the moment and make it solemn and pathetic. 

The reign of France and of Europe on this continent was ended. It 
was the dawn of a new era for America; the fulfillment of Bishop Berk- 
ley's prophecy: 

"Westward the star of empire takes its way; 
The first four acts already passed; 
The fifth shall close the drama of the day — 
Time's noblest offspring is its last." 

All Praise to Livingston. 

But let us be just. We praise Jefferson and laud him to the skies, but 
we should not forget Livingston. He was the first to recognize the advan- 
tages to come from Napoleon's offer to sell the entire territory, and when 
Monroe hesitated his decision and persistency turned the scales. He was 
the right man for the time, and when the history of the Louisiana Pur- 
chase is written up, his name will stand next to that of Thomas Jefferson. 
And here we may well pause, and from our present eminence of na- 
tional greatness review the ground over which a century has led us. In 
1819 Spain ceded Florida to us, and thus gave us full control of the gulf 
commerce. At the same time she relinquished her title to Oregon and 
Washington, and thus strengthened our claim to all that territory. But 
our title to these states, in fact to all our possessions on the Pacific coast, 
would not be worth the parchment on which it is written, with the inter- 
vening lands included in Louisiana in the hands of a hostile nation. Our 
strength today is in the fact that we own a continuous body of land; that 
there is no intervening break; that from east to west, from north to south, 
state is linked to state in an unbroken union, and that the same flag floats 
over all. 

"Forever float, that standard sheet, 
When breathes the foe, but falls before us; 
With freedom's soil beneath our feet. 
And freedom's banner waving o'er us." 

Civilization Enters. 
Out of this purchase we have carved twelve states and two organized 
territories. Where once "the rank thistle nodded in the wind and the wild 



288 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

fox dug his hole unscared," 15,000,000 people enjoy the rights and privi- 
leges of civilized life. Where once stood the Indian wigwam, now are 
found the mansion and the farmhouse, and where "the Indian hunter 
wooed his dusky mate," or "paddled his light canoe over the waters of the 
great river," are now heard the shrill whistle of the locomotive or the ex- 
haust of the steamboat, as they carry the commerce of all lands into ter- 
ritories which a century ago were barren and unknown. 

On Jefferson's monument, erected at Monticello, is this inscription, as 
written by himself: 

"Here lies Thomas Jefferson, 
The author of the Declaration of Independence, 
The founder of the University of Virginia, 
The author of the statute of religious liberty for Virginia." 
When the Louisiana Purchase Exposition opens, its officials should 
add to this inscription the fourth line: 

"He signed the treaties which alone rendered possible the expansion 
and growth of the American republic." 

Self-Preservation. 

Self-preservation is as much the first law of nations as of individuals. 
Jackson recognized it repeatedly during his administration, McKinley rec- 
ognized it on acquiring Hawaii and in dealing with Spain. The one is nec- 
essary to the protection of our western coast, and Cuba in the hand of a 
foreign nation would be a perpetual menace to the southern states. 

Roosevelt is guided by the same principle in dealing with Panama. If 
haste has characterized his movements, necessity demanded it, for Amer- 
ica, and America alone, must build and control the Panama canal. Thomas 
Jefferson was never greater, never more consistent with himself, than 
when he stepped ahead of all, as he did when he urged and accomplished 
the Louisiana Purchase. 

Of the future we dare not even dream. It may take another century 
to complete what the last century has begun. Already our flag has crossed 
the Pacific coast and floats over Hawaii and the Philippines. To bring 
these lands under the influence of Republican institutions and to imbue 
their inhabitants with a love of Republican liberty will prove a work which 
will tax the nerves of the statesman and the patriot. The ship which was 
launched when the Louisiana Purchase was completed, one hundred years 
ago, can never furl her sails nor drop her anchor. 

"Our lives must on and upward go; 

The eternal step of progress beats 
To that dread anthem, calm and slow. 
Which God repeats." 



TRANSFER TOOK PLACE. 

At New Orleans the elaborate ceremonies consisted of a reproduction 
of the events of one hundred years before. French and American war 
ships were in attendance by direction of their government, and Spain was 
represented officially by her consul. The grandsons of Governor Claiborne 



OPENING DAY CEREMONIES. 289 

and General Williamson, who had direct participation in the historical 
events, were conspicuous in the celebration. The ceremonies took place 
in the old Cabildo, where the former transfer occurred one hundred years 
before. This building was reproduced at St. Louis as the Louisiana state 
building. 



Opening Day Ceremonies 

Pronounced to Have Been Witnessed by the Largest Attendance of People 
in the History of World's Fairs. 

The Opening Day ceremonies, April 30, 1904, were ideal in every re- 
spect, the weather propitious and the attendance satisfactory. 

The parade to the Louisiana Purchase monument was made up in di- 
visions as follows: 

Exposition officials, including the board of directors. 

The National Commission. 

The Board of Lady Managers. 

Foreign commissions and representatives. 

State and territorial officers and commissions in the order of their ad- 
mission, as follows: 

States in the Purchase. — 1, Louisiana; 2, Missouri; 3, Arkanas; 4, 
Iowa; 5, Minnesota; 6, Kansas; 7, Nebraska; 8, Colorado; 9, North Da- 
kota; 10, South Dakota; 11, Montana; 12, Wyoming. 

Territories in the Purchase. — 1, Indian Territory; 2, Oklahoma. 

The Thirteen Original States. — 1, Pennsylvania; 2, New Jersey; 3, 
Georgia; 4, Connecticut; 5, Massachusetts; G, Maryland; 7, South Carolina; 
8, New Hampshire; 9, Virginia; 10, New York; 11, North Carolina; 12, 
Rhode Island; 13, Delaware. 

States Outside of the Purchase. — 1, Vermont; 2, Kentucky; 3, Tennes- 
see; 4, OhiO'; 5, Indiana; G, Mississippi; 7, Illinois; 8, Alabama; 9, Maine; 
10, Michigan; 11, Texas; 12, Wisconsin; 13, California; 14, Oregon; 15, 
West Virginia; 16, Nevada. 

Territories Outside of the Purchase. — 1, New Mexico; 2, Arizona; 3, 
Alaska; 4, Porto Rico; 5, Philippine Islands. 

These were followed by city delegations, military and civic companies, 
and the parade of the dwellers on the Pike. In this unique procession 
were the representatives of nearly all the nations of the earth, civilized 
and barbarian. The variety, brilliancy and strangeness of the costumes 
and personal adornments lent color and picturesqueness to this greatest 
of all carnivals. 

Arriving at the Louisiana Purchase Monument the ceremonies were 
as follows: 

Invocation, Rev. Frank W. Gunsaulus, of Chicago. 

Address, Hon. David R. Francis, president Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion. In closing his address, President Francis said: 

"The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, held in commemoration of the 
acquisition of an empire by a deed of the pen, salutes the representatives, 
executive and legislative, of the federal government, and tenders most pro- 
found thanks for the recognition extended and assistance rendered. It ac- 



290 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



knowledges obligation to states and territories and foreign countries for 
co-operation and contribution, and makes its obeisance to commissioners 
and exhibitors. 

"Open, ye gates; swing wide, ye portals! Enter herein, ye sons of 
men, and behold the achievements of your race. Learn the lesson here 
taught and gather from it inspiration for still greater accomplishments." 

Address, Mr. W. H. Thompson, treasurer Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion. 

Address, Mr. Isaac S, Taylor, director of works, the architect and 

builder of the exposition. 

"Mr. President, at last the words 
of the song have been spelled, the 
harmony and the music of the song 
itself floats in the air from yonder 
hilltop over the land out into the sea 
and echoes on the shores of foreign 
nations." 

Upon the conclusion of his ad- 
dress, Mr. Taylor presented to his 
staff their diplomas, as follows: 

Karl Bitter, chief of sculpture; 
George E. Kessler, chief landscape 
engineer; E. L. Masqueray, chief of 
design; E, B. BUicott, chief electrical 
and mechanical engineer; J. S. Tri- 
fle, general superintendent; R. H, 
Philips, chief civil engineer. 

Mr. Taylor then said: "Mr. 
President, I present to you the keys 
to these palaces that surround us," 
at the same time delivering to Pres- 
ident Francis an exquisitely wrought 
gold key, engraved with the words, "Louisiana Purchase Exposition — Key 
to the Buildings." 

Sousa's Band then rendered Von der Stucken's march, "Louisiana," af- 
ter which President Francis introduced Mr. Frederick J. V. Skiff, director 
of exhibits. 

"The Hymn of the West," written by Edmund Clarence Stedman for 
the occasion, was then sung by a chorus of 400 voices. 
Address, Hon. Rolla Wells, Mayor of St. Louis. 

Address, Hon. Thomas H. Carter, president of the National Commis- 
sion. 

Address, United States Senator Henry E. Burnham, of New Hamp- 
shire, chairman of the visiting committee representing the United States 
Senate. 

Address, Hon, James A, Tawney, of Minnesota, representing the visit- 
ing committee of the national House of Representatives. 

Address, Mr. Albino R. Nuncio, Commissioner General for Mexico. 
Address, M. Michel Lagrave, Commissioner General for France. 




ISAAC S. TAYLOR. St. Louis, 
Director of Works. 



OPENING DAY CEREMONIES. 291 

Address, Mr. Edward H. Harr.man, President New York State Com- 
mission. 

Address, Hon. Wm. H. Taft, Secretary of War, the personal representa- 
tive of the President of the United States. 

Preceding- this address the chorus sang "America," the immense audi- 
ence rising and remaining with imcovered heads. 

When Mr. Taft had concluded, the most impressive of all the incidents 
of the ceremonies took place. The time had now come for the President of 
the United States to formally open the exposition by pressing the key of 
the telegraph instrument which would release the mighty machinery that 
would send the thrill of life and motion into the great exhibition. While 
President Francis stood at the base of the Louisiana Purchase Monument, 
in St. Louis, with his finger on the golden key. President Roosevelt was in 
a similar attitude in the famous East Room in the White House, in Wash- 
ington. Surrounding him was a notable company assembled to witness the 
unique ceremony — the members of the Cabinet, the Chief Justice and As- 
sociate Justices of the Supreme Court, ambassadors and ministers of for- 
eign countries, the president pro tem of the Senate, Mr. Frye; the speaker 
of the House of Representatives, Mr. Cannon, and scores of other digni- 
taries. 

At 12:15 p. m. the following dispatch was sent by President Francis 
to Washington from the station at the Louisiana Purchase Monument: 

"President Francis, of the I^ouisiana Purchase Exposition Company, 
presents his compliments to the President of the United States, and begs 
to say that the management of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition await 
the pleasure of President Roosevelt, who is to transmit the electrical ener- 
gy which is to unfurl the flags and start the machinery of the great expo- 
sition." 

President Roosevelt then spoke to the assembled guests in the White 
House as follows: 

"I have received from the exposition grounds the statement that the 
management of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition awaits the pressing of 
the button which is to transmit the electrical energy which is to unfurl the 
flags and start the machinery of the exposition. 

"I wish now to greet all present, especially the representatives of the 
foreign nations here represented, in the name of the American people, and 
to thank these representatives for the parts their several countries have 
taken in being represented in this centennial anniversary of the greatest 
step in the movement which transformed the American republic from a 
small confederacy of states lying along the Atlantic seaboard to a conti- 
nental nation. 

All Will Be Represented. 

"This exposition is primarily intended to show the progress in indus- 
try, science and art, not only of the American nation, but of all other na- 
tions, in the great and wonderful century which has just closed. Every 
department of human activity will be represented there, and perhaps I may 
be allowed, as honorary president of the athletic association, which, under 
European management, started to revive the memory of the Olympic 
games, to say that I am glad that in addition to paying proper heed to the 



292 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

progress of industry, of science, of art, we have also paid proper heed to 
the development of athletic pastimes, which are useful in themselves, 
which are useful as showing that it is wise for nations to be able to relax 
as well as work. 

"I greet you all. I appreciate your having come here on this occasion, 
and in the presence of you, representing the American government and the 
governments of the foreign nations, I here open the Louisiana Purchase 
Expostion." 

President Roosevelt then touched the key that flashed the order to 
open the exposition at St. Louis, at 1:451/^ p. m. It was the same golden 
key that had performed like services on other notable occasions. It had 
been used by President Cleveland in starting the machinery of the Colum- 
bian Exposition of 1893. Coincident with President Roosevelt's touch a bat- 
tery of artillery thundered a national salute. 

At 1:06 o'clock p. m., St. Louis time. President Roosevelt's signal 
reached President Francis, and as the latter lifted up his hands and de- 
clared the exposition open, ten thousand flags fluttered from their masts, 
the fountains of the deep were unloosed, and from the caverns of Festival 
Hall the waters leaped and sent their roaring torrents down the Cascades ; 
the whir of mighty machinery became the song of hundreds of motors and 
engines; two hundred thousand voices and scores of bands made the wel- 
kin ring, and the greatest exposition on earth was open. 



AT THE IOWA BUILDING. 
Resolution of Thanks to President and Mrs. Larrabee. 

The ceremonies at the Iowa Building were brief and consisted of an 
organ recital at 9:30 in the morning and at 4:30 p. m. National airs were 
sung by the visitors at the building. The organ in the Iowa Building being 
the only one on the grounds ready on opening day naturally attracted a 
large number of visitors. 

The Iowa Commission held a brief meeting at 8:30 o'clock and passed 
a resolution of thanks by acclamation and rising vote to President and 
Mrs. Larrabee for the generous gifts of pipe organ, mechanical singing 
birds, bronze statues of General Sherman, Admiral Farragut, General 
Dodge and Colonel Henderson, which adorned the front exterior of the 
building; also the four oil paintings of ex-Presidents Abraham Lincoln and 
U. S. Grant and Generals Sherman and Sheridan. 

The Commission participated in the opening of the Iowa Building, af- 
ter which they repaired in a body to the government building, to take the 
place assigned to Iowa in the parade and in the opening ceremonies at the 
Louisiana Purchase Monument. 



MEMORIAL DAY. 



293 



Memorial Day 




GEN. JOHN W. NOBLE, St. Louis. 



Observed at the Iowa State Building. 

An Iowa citizen would indeed 
feel disloyal to his country did he 
not cease his labors on Memorial 
Day to pay tribute to the nation's 
heroes. 

The Iowa Commission had ar- 
ranged that the day should be ap- 
propriately observed at the state 
building. The two organ recitals at 
9:30 a. m. and 4:30 p. m. were of 
national airs. 

The four large bronze statues 
of Generals Sherman and Dodge, 
Admiral Farragut and Colonel 
Henderson, presented by ex-Gover- 
nor and Mrs. Larrabee, were fes- 
tooned with garlands and cut flow- 
ers. The building was decorated 
with flags and bunting. 

In the evening, although a se- 
vere rainstorm visited the exposi- 
tion during the afternoon, continuing throughout the night, a goodly num- 
ber were present at the camp fire. Hon. William Larrabee, president of 
the Iowa Commission, in introducing the chairman, General John W. Noble, 
paid a glowing tribute to the valor, courage and patriotism of Iowa sol- 
diers. 

General John W. Noble, who acted as chairman, now a resident of 
St. Louis, graduated from Yale, becoming thereafter City Attorney of Keo- 
kuk, where he was engaged in the practice of law. When the war broke 
out he enlisted in the Third Iowa Cavalry. Subsequently he was promoted 
to Colonel and later was made Brevet Brigadier General. He was Secre- 
tary of the Interior in President Harrison's cabinet. He was selected as 
president of the day at the battle-flag ceremonies in Des Moines, August 
10, 1894, when the old battle-flags were removed from the arsenal build- 
ing and placed in hermetically sealed cases at the state house. 

General Noble gave many historical facts concerning Iowa's leaders 
in the Civil War. 

Addresses were also made by General J. H. Stibbs, of the Twelfth 
Iowa Cavalry, now a resident of Chicago; D. W. Haydock, of Company E, 
Thirty-third Iowa, now of St. Louis, and W. D. Burket, of Company E, 
Thirty-third Iowa, of Oskaloosa. 

The music for the occasion consisted of a medley of national airs by 
Mason Slade, organist; vocal solos, "While the Days Are Going By," and 
"Tenting Tonight," by L. H. Peck; vocal solos, "Just Before the Battle, 
Mother," and "Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, the Boys are Marching," by Miss 
Bertha Sloan; quartette numbers, "Hold the Fort," and "Keller's American 
Hymn," by Miss Sloan, Mr. Peck, Mr. and Mrs. Conaway, closing with the 
"Star-Spangled Banner" on the organ, by Mason Slade. 




*FATHER JAMES MARQUETTE. Statue by Cyrus E. Dallin. 



IOWA DAY IN HISTORY. 295 

Iowa Day 

History says Iowa was first discovered June 17, 1673, by Father 
Jacques Marquette, a French missionary among the Hurons. He was ac- 
companied by a Quebec trader, Louis Joliet, and five Frenchmen. They left 
Michlimacimac May 13, 1673, in two birch canoes, on their voyage of ex- 
ploration. They sailed on Greene bay to the mouth of the Fox river, and 
from there on the Wisconsin river to the Mississippi. On the 17th of June, 
1673, they looked out upon the shores of Iowa, the first point being a few 
miles below McGregor, Clayton County. 

The selection of an appropriate day to celebrate at the exposition was 
left to a special committee consisting of Governor Cummins, President 
Larrabee and Secretary Conaway. A letter of inquiry was addressed to 
Iowa's historian, Hon. B. F. Gue (now deceased), whose reply follows: 

"Des Moines, Iowa, June 12, 1903. 
"F. R. Conaway, Secretary Louisiana Purchase Commission. 

"My Dear Sir — I have been carefully looking over Iowa history to find 
some important event which occurred in the month of June. The only 
one I find in addition to the two mentioned in your letter is that on June 
1, 1833, the Indians surrendered possession of the 'Black Hawk Purchase,' 
and the whites first took legal possession of Iowa soil. 

"The great event, however, the one that overshadows all others in 
point of historical importance in connection with the Louisiana Purchase, 
is the discovery of Iowa and the upper Mississippi river by Marquette and 
Joliet, June 17. 1673. 

"The fact that that date in 1904 comes on Friday does not seem to 
me to be a valid objection, and that it is an anniversary of the Grinnell 
tornado is only of local significance. If a date in June is to be chosen 
which will be on the anniversary of some historical event in Iowa history, 
I think it will be impossible to find one at all comparable in importance 
with that upon which Iowa was discovered. 

"When it is considered that Marquette and Joliet on that voyage were 
the first white men to set foot in Iowa, that they first explored its entire 
eastern boundary, and that of a larger part of the entire Louisiana Pur- 
chase ; that they first made known to the world the existence of most of the 
large rivers of Iowa, Missouri and Arkansas, and the great prairies of the 
west, I think all minor objections could well be ignored and the anniver- 
sary of the discovery of Iowa be most appropriately chosen for 'Iowa Day.' 
"Yours very truly, 

"B. F. GUE." 

JUNE 1? CORRECT DATE. 

Professor Benjamin F. Shambaugh, of the State Historical Society of 
Iowa, Iowa City, writes: 

"The facts with regard to the discovery and exploration of Iowa 
are as follows: Father James Marquette, on the 17th of June, 1673, 

*Father James Marquette, French missionary, was born in Leon, 
France, 1637; died near Marquette river, Michigan, May 18, 1675. Came 
to Quebec, September 20, 16G6; reached Green Bay, May 17, 1673. Entered 
Mississippi river June 17, 1673, from the Wisconsin river, and was the first 
known white man to look upon Iowa soil ; location near McGregor. 



IOWA DAY IN HISTORY. 297 

discovered the Mississippi river. (See Jesuit Relations and Allied 
Documents, by Thwaites, vol. 59, p. 107.) This work by Dr. Thwaites is 
the most authoritative source with regard to the journey of Father Mar- 
quette. It contains Marquette's journal in the original French, also a 
translation of the same in English. This work can be relied upon. I know 
that Thwaites is correct, for I saw Father Marquette's original manuscript 
along with his map at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, where it was 
on exhibition in the department of anthropology. 

"Father Marquette, accompanied by Joliet, landed near the mouth of 
the Iowa river on the 25th day of June, 1673, and proceeded to make a 
short excursion into the Iowa country. The village of Illinois Indians vis- 
ited by Marquette was located on the banks of the Iowa river, and not on 
the banks of the Des Moines river. Professor L. G. Weld, in an article in 
the "Iowa Journal of History and Politics/' volume 1, No. 1, shows con- 
clusively that Marquette must have landed near the mouth of the Iowa 
river instead of near the mouth of the Des Moines river, as has been 
stated by a writer in one of the Iowa papers who questions the authority 
for adopting June 17 as the correct date. 

"Several writers have contended that Radisson and Grosseilliers were 
the first white men to set foot on Iowa soil. I have in mind Miss Agnes 
Laut, author of 'The Pathfinders,' and Mr. Warren Upham, author of 'Rad- 
isson and Grosseilliers, the Frst White Men in Minnesota.' However, their 
conclusions are not universally accepted by historians at the present 
time." 

JUNE 17TH IN IOWA. 

The "Register and Leader," of Des Moines, says: 

"While December 28th is the birthday of Iowa as a state, June 17th is 
its birthday so far as actual territorial discovery is concerned. Two hun- 
dred and thirty-one years ago today Marquette and Joliet quit the Wiscon- 
sin river for the Mississippi and looked upon the bold bluffs of the western 
shore of what today is Iowa. Though iconoclastic historians may attempt 
to prove that Pierre Radisson had antedated Marquette by fourteen years, 
and though Marquette's claim to the honors of the command have been 
seriously disputed, still June 17, 1673, remains the date upon which it is 
absolutely known that white men looked upon Iowa. 

"It is unnecessary to re-tell the story of that historic day. Iowa his- 
torians have not been lacking to describe the scene. 'The solitude of the 
uninhabited country surrounded them.' Awed in the presence of bounteous, 
beautiful nature, the two leaders stood upon a high bluff and looked about 
them. 

" 'Fringes of trees and bushes in the distance marked the course of 
creeks winding through the meadows. Here and there were beautiful 
groves, rising up like islands in the sea. The atmosphere was laden with 
the perfume of fiowers. The air was soft and balmy as the breezes were 

*Louis Joliet, discoverer, was born September 21, 1645, in Quebec, and 
died in Canada in May, 1700. Accompanied Father James Marquette and 
five Frenchmen in the discovery and voyage of the Mississippi river. 




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a3av3i 1 a3isi03y 



IOWA DAY CEREMONIES. 299 

wafted over the luxuriant vegetation. Tlie woods were vocal with the mu- 
sic of birds.' 

"There must have stirred in the explorers' minds the unexpressed 
thought: 'What is so rare as a day in June?' They had surmounted the 
obstacles; they had virtually discovered the upper reaches of the great 
river of which so many conflicting tales had been told. Nature had re- 
warded them with such a glorious sight as man has seldom looked upon. 
With high-beating hearts, confident now of ultimate success, the men set 
forth again, this time on the broad bosom of the Father of Waters. 

"It will take much more than the mere word of the iconoclastic his- 
torian to rob June 17th of its historical importance to Iowa. It is a day 
which deserves to be observed by the state as much as any day in all the 
year." 



Iowa Day Ceremonies 
June 17 was recommended by the committee as Iowa Day and ratified 
by the Commission, whereupon Governor Cummins, by proclamation, es- 
tablished the day for Iowa people. (See Proclamations.) 

Program. 

Tuesday, June 14, 1904. 
10:00 a. m. — Meeting of the Iowa Commission, Iowa State Building. 

Thursday, June 16. 
9 : 30 a. m. — Organ recital and concert, Iowa State Building. 
2:00 p. m. — Visit by Governor, state officials, Iowa Commission and 
invited guests to the Iowa state exhibits in the several exhibit palaces. 
4:30 p. m. — Organ recital and concert, Iowa State Building. 
5:30 p. m. — Dress parade and drill, Iowa Cadets, plaza in front of Iowa 
State Building. 

Friday, June 17. 
8:30 a. m. — Organ recital, Iowa State Building. 
9:00 a. m. — Formation of parade at Iowa State Building. 

Order of Military Parade. 

M. H. Byers, Adjutant General of Iowa, grand marshal, assisted by 
General Edmund Rice, U. S. A., and Lieutenant C. Sidney Haight, U. S. A. ; 
platoon of mounted police; company of Jefferson Guards; band of Philip- 
pine Scouts; battalion of Philippine Scouts; Philippine Constabulary Band 
of eighty pieces; battalion Philippine Constabulary; Indian Band of forty 
pieces; battalion of United States marines; Simpson College Band, Indian- 
ola, Iowa: Simpson College cadets, 100 men; Iowa State College cadets, 
Ames, Iowa, 100 men; Marion Drill Corps, Marion, Iowa; carriage — Hon. 
A. B. Cummins, Governor of Iowa, Hon. David R. Francis, president Louis- 

VIEW FROM THE IOWA VERANDA. 

1— Gov. Cummins, Pres. Larrabee. Pres. Frances. Maj.-Gen. John C. Bates, U. S. A.. Gen. 
E A. Rice, U. S. A., Senator Healy. the Governor s staff, the Iowa Commission and friends, 
reviewing- the Iowa Day Parade. 2 — Iowa State and Simpson CoUege Cadets. 3 — Marion 
Drill Corps, 4 — Philppine Scouts and Band. 5 — Frazier Light Guards, Kansas Building-. 
6 — At the left. New York Building, Dome of Government Building; center. Plaza; right, 
Massachusetts Building. Indian Band. 7— Minnesota Building. 8- Tallyho with Vice- 
Pres. Charles W. Fairbanks, Speaker Joseph Cannon, Gen. E. A. Rice, Pre . Francie and 
party. 9— Liberty Bell. 10— U. S. Marines. 11— Twenty Mule Team. 



IOWA DAY CEREMONIES. 301 

iana Purchase Exposition, Hon. Thos. D. Healy, orator of the day, Hon. Wm. 
Larrabee, president Iowa Commission; carriages — Governor's staff and line 
officers as escort; carriages — National Commission, Board of Lady Man- 
agers, Mrs. A. B. Cummins, Mrs. Wm. Larrabee, Mrs. Leroy A. Palmer, 
Mrs. Freeman R. Conaway; members of Cabinet; United States Senators; 
members of Congress; Iowa state officials; committee on ceremonies; 
Iowa Commissioners; band; carriages — ladies; cadets. South Dakota Ag- 
ricultural College; cadets, St. John's Military Academy, of Kansas; cadets, 
St. John's Military Academy, of Wisconsin; band; Frazier Light Guards; 
South Carolina Military Academy and band. 

9:10 a. m. — Parade moved from Iowa State Building north on Com- 
monwealth avenue, passing Minnesota, Kansas, New York, Massachusetts, 
Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, Washington, Kentucky, Fisheries and Govern- 
ment buildings, south of Mines and Metallurgy Building, north to Plaza 
Orleans; west, passing Palace of Education and Manufactures Building to 
the Grand Basin and the Louisiana Purchase Monument, passing the Pal- 
ace of Electricity, Varied Industries Building to Machinery Building; south 
to Fine Arts Building and Terrace of States, to Festival Hall, where parade 
halted for ceremonies at the statue of Iowa. 

9:30 a. m. — Ceremonies on Art Hill, Terrace of States; presentation of 
statue of Iowa, by Hon. David R. Francis, president Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition; acceptance for Iowa, Commissioner Leroy A. Palmer, Mount 
Pleasant, Iowa; parade returned to Iowa State Building. 

Program at the Iowa State Building. 

10:00 a. m. — Organ processional, Mason Slade; music. Festival Hymn 
(Buck) double quartette; invocation. Rev. Jesse Cole, chaplain Soldiers' 
Home, Marshalltown, Iowa; music, "Keller's American Hymn," double 
quartette; introductory, Hon. William Larrabee, president Iowa Commis- 
sion; address, Hon. David R. Francis, president Louisiana Purchase Ex- 
position; song, "Iowa" (Byers), Mrs. Bertha Lincoln Huestis, Dubuque; 
address, Hon. Albert Baird Cummins, Governor of Iowa; "Song of the 
Flag" (De Koven), Mr, A. D. Middleton, Simpson College, Indianola, Iowa; 
address, Hon. Thomas D. Healy, Fort Dodge; music, "Recessional" (Kip- 
ling-De Koven), double quartette; solo, Mr. L. H. Peck, of St. Louis; mu- 
sic, "Iowa, Beautiful Land" (Hussey-Towner), double quartette; music, 
"America," by audience and double quartette, consisting of: sopranos — 
Mrs. Bertha Lincoln-Huestis of Dubuque, Mrs. F. R. Conaway of Des 
Moines; altos — Miss Bertha Sloan of Indianola, Miss Anna Larrabee of 
Clermont; bass — A. D. Middleton of Indianola, F. R. Conaway of Des 
Moines; tenors — L. F. Peck of St. Louis, E. W. Appleman of Clermont. 

4:30 p. m. — Concert and organ recital, Iowa State Building; soloists — 
Mrs. Bertha Lincoln-Huestis; Miss Bertha Sloan, Simpson College; Mr. A. 
D. Middleton, Simpson College; Mr. L. H. Peck, St. Louis; Mason Slade, 
organist. 

5:30 p. m. — Dress parade and drill, Iowa Cadets and the Marion Fire 
Drill Corps, plaza in front of Iowa State Building. 

8:00 p. m. — A reception was tendered the exposition officials, state 
and foreign representatives, and present and former citizens of Iowa, by 




U n. 



^ 8 



IOWA DAY CEREMONIES. 



303 



Governor and Mrs. Cummins, President and Mrs. Larrabee, and the Iowa 
Commission, from 8:00 until 11:00 o'clock p. m. 

Invitations were extended for all ceremonies of the day to the exposi- 
tion officials, including the preisident, vice presidents, secretary, treasurer, 
directors of divisions, chiefs of departments, national commissioners, 
board of lady managers, state officials of Iowa, members of the general as- 
sembly of Iowa, Iowa members of the Cabinet, United States Senators and 
members of Congress from Iowa, Governors of the several states, commis- 
sioners, secretaries, hostesses, representatives of the various states, terri- 
tories and foreign nations, and the press of Iowa. 



Iowa Day Addresses 

INVOCATION. 

By Rev. Jesse Cole, Chaplain Soldiers' Home, Marshal Itown, Iowa. 

Oh Lord, our God, Thou art very great. 
In thy sight the nations of the earth are as 
the small dust of the balance. Thou cover- 
est Thyself with light as with a garment. 
Thou stretchest out the Heavens like a cur- 
tain, and makest the clouds Thy chariot. 
Thou art the God of nations and of the gen- 
erations of men. Thou wert our fathers' 
God, and Thou art our God. We, Thy chil- 
dren, most humbly bow down in Thy sight, 
confessing our sins and our wanderings 
from Thee, imploring divine clemency, for- 
giveness and mercy. Have mercy upon us, Oh 
Lord; blot our our transgressions, and for- 
give our sins, which we have most grievous- 
ly committed against Thee. Forgive, we be- 
seech Thee, our national and state sins, as 
well as our individual transgressions, and 
help us to serve Thee to the full extent of the light that we have, and in 
the wise use of all our opportunities. We thank Thee for exalted privi- 
leges, for extension of divine favor, for citizenship in this great republic, 
for a home within the bounds of the Louisiana Purchase, and that home is 
in our own fair Iowa. Surely the lines have fallen to us in pleasant place 
— we have a goodly heritage and we thank Thee for it. 

We praise Thee that Thou didst for ages conceal this fair land from 
the discoverer's eye, that Thou mightst preserve it as a dwelling place for 
Liberty throughout all generations, and that we, unworthy though we be, 
are commanded to occupy it. We thank Thee for our marvelous growth. 
for the universal respect shown to our flag, for the brilliant record of pa- 
triotic deeds, heroic suffering and glorious victories achieved, which enter 
into our national history. And now we pray Thee to make us worthy of 
these great favors divinely conferred upon us. Bless us as a great repub- 
lic, as a nation among nations, as a nation that feareth. God and worketh 




REV. JESSE COEE. Chaplain 

Iowa Soldiers' Home, 

Marsballtown. 

Chaplain Iowa Day. 



304 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

righteousness. Help us ever to remember that righteousness exalteth a 
nation, while sin is a reproach to any people. And to this end we implore 
Thee to be with our President; bless him in all his arduous toil. May his 
hands be strong, his intellect clear, and his heart constantly throbbing in 
fullest harmony with the plans of the Almighty. Bless his counselors and 
advisors, and all whO' are associated with him in the administration of the 
affairs of this great nation. May prosperity continue to smile upon us, and 
peace among ourselves and with all nations be our heritage forever. 

Bless, we beseech Thee, our own state in all her departments, and in 
all her lengths and breadths. May Thy servant, our Governor, be espe- 
cially aided and directed of the Lord. Be Thou with him in all his ways, 
and inspire him in all his work. May his health and life be precious in 
Thy sight, and may the smile of heaven ever cheer him. 

Father, cause Thy blessing to rest upon the entire state, upon all of 
her interests — religious, educational, domestic and financial; may nothing 
arise to mar our prosperity, or peace, but may we be a peculiar people, 
a people whose God is the Lord. 

Let Thy blessing rest upon this exposition, and upon all who are con- 
nected with its management. May no plague come near their dwellings; 
may no pestilence that walketh in darkness visit these fair grounds; but 
may this exposition be what its promoters intended it should — a monu- 
ment of a world's prosperity, and an educator of coming generations. Be 
with us in the exercises of this day, and with all who shall take part in 
them. May nothing occur to interrupt or mar in any way the plans made 
by Thy servants, but may their highest ideals be realized, and we, and the 
whole state, be inspired thereby. 

And now. Father, we commend to Thee, and to Thy fatherly love, all 
our interests, great and small, for time and eternity, asking Thee to stand 
by us in every conflict and give us grace for every trial, that we may be 
faithful unto Thee. And at last may the blessed utterance of the Master 
fall upon our ears: "Well done, good and faithful servant; thou hast been 
faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things. Enter 
thou into the joy of thy Lord." This we implore in Jesus' name. Amen. , 



INTRODUCTORY. 
William Larrabee, President of the Iowa Commission. 

Ladies and Gentlemen: On behalf of the Iowa Commission of the 
Louisiana Purchase Exposition, it gives me great pleasure to greet this 
vast audience and to welcome you here, at our Iowa home, to join with us 
in celebrating Iowa Day on this two hundred and thirty-first anniversary 
of the discovery of the state by Marquette and Joliet. 

These intrepid travelers from Green bay came down to the mouth 
of the Wisconsin river, crossed over to the sunset side of the Mississippi 
river and ascended the high bluff a short distance to the south of the 
city of McGregor and planted the flag of their French sovereign, 

Iowa's Opportunity. 

Of all the favored lands of the civilized world there is no other state 
or country as a whole where the people have so many and so great reas- 



PRESIDENT LARRABEE'S ADDRESS. 



305 




PRES. WILLIAM LARRABEE, 
Clermont. 



ons to be grateful as those who occu- 
py the Iowa portion of the Louisiana 
Purchase. Other states are rich in the 
production of their mines, their man- 
ufactures, and their fields; they have 
much in which they may justly be 
proud; but when Iowa is compared 
with them, she is like royalty among 
common people. Ordinarily it might 
not be considered in good taste to 
make comparisons, but this is Iowa 
Day and lowans are expected to be 
truthful and to speak of things as 
they are. By common consent, our 
sister commonwealths seem to ac- 
knowledge the supremacy of this 
Prairie Queen and accept her as a 
guiding star. We realize that this 
places a heavy responsibility upon 
Iowa people. 



The Smile of Providence. 

It seems almost that Providence had a special design in placing this 
beautiful and productive land which yields to its people a most liberal 
income with about the regularity of the return of the seasons; with its 
strenious climate constantly at work inducing the week and indolent to 
seek more congenial regions, leaving the strong and vigorous to build up 
a powerful race in the heart of the continent that will in the future radi- 
ate its light and extend its influence in all directions, and especiallv to 
all parts of this great republic, for the benefit of the hundreds of millions 
that are to inhabit it. 



Missouri Being Shown. 

Already its work has begun. According to the last United States cen- 
sus over fifty-two thousand Iowa born citizens reside in Missouri, and their 
leavening influence is seen in the new life that is coming to this grand old 
state. Over eighty-eight thousand in Kansas have joined to help make 
that one of the most progressive and promising states in the Union. Over 
eighty-five thousand in Nebraska have been instrumental in placing that 
state first in illiteracy of all of the states. Over forty-two thousand m 
Minnesota, co-operating with the energetic people of that enterprising 
state; and over forty thousand are scattered over the broad prairies of the 
Dakotas, making their influence felt in the building up of great states. 
Over half a million Iowa born missionaries outside of their native state, 
a large portion of whom reside on the Louisiana Purchase, are spreading 
the gospel of Iowa ideas. 

When we consider this and the influence of Iowa people in the nation, 
we need not wonder at this magnificent exposition as an illustration of the 
ambition and enterprise of the people of the Louisiana Purchase. 



306 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Obligations to the Exposition Management. 

The Iowa Commissioners are especially grateful to President Francis 
and to the board of directors of the Exposition Company and to the ener- 
getic business men of St. Louis and of the state of Missouri for their ex- 
traordinary efforts in affording this great privilege and rare opportunity 
for our people to study and examine the choicest products, the most skill- 
ful and ingenious inventions, and the finest works of art of the world. 

It is a great pleasure for me to introduce to you a gentleman who has 
always succeeded well in accomplishing whatever he has undertaken to 
do, and to whom we are more indebted than to any other person for this, 
the greatest of world's expositions. He has labored unceasingly, with tre- 
mendous energy, to make this great undertaking a success, and he is de- 
serving of sympathy and assistance of every man, woman and child in the 
United States. 



AN EXPOSITION EXPRESSION. 
David R. Francis, President Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company. 

Mr, President, Ladies and Gentlemen: It is certainly a very great 

pleasure to be present at the Iowa Day ceremonies and participate with 

Governor Cummins, Governor Lar- 
rabee, state officers and members 
of the Iowa Commission in cele- 
brating the 231st anniversary of 
the discovery of your beautiful 
state. The relationship which has 
grown up since the movement 
was inaugurated for the expo- 
sition between those at St. 
Louis charged with the local re- 
sponsibilities of this great exposi- 
tion, and the Governor and your 
state Commission, has ripened in- 
to a personal friendship which will 
be everlasting. The building of 
such an exposition has not been 
without its discouragements and 
drawbacks, but through it all we 
have had the hearty co-operation 
of the Iowa people, who have tak- 
en a pride in the prominence 
which their state takes in the Lou- 
isiana Territory. In fact, aside 
from the local management of the 
exposition, I might say that Iowa 

has had to do with every feature and with every stage in the history of 

the building of the exposition. 

The Missionary Spirit. 
Iowa must be reckoned with in any project in which the United States 

is interested, whether it come from east or west or north or south. After 




PRES. DAVID R. FRANCIS, 
President of the Exposition Co. Eormer 
Mayor of St. Louis, Governor of Missouri, 
Member of President Cleveland's Cabinet. 



PRESIDENT FRANCIS' ADDRESS. 307 

listening to so much in favor of Iowa, I am surprised that any lowans left 
the state. 

Perhaps it is because the people of Iowa have sent out so many mis- 
sionaries to other states that they had to go to Pennsylvania for their own 
Governor, but that is easily accounted for, as Governor Cummins would 
have held that position, no matter where he had gone. 

It is true that 99 per cent of the school children of your state between 
the ages of ten and fourteen can read. 

A peculiar feature of the state is that not a city in it has a population 
of 100,000. 

The exposition will show to the east and to the world that the west 
is not the uncivilized place that many believe it to be, but that it is the 
great power of the future. 

Iowa Always Does Things. 

The proclamation issued by Governor Cummins of Iowa, setting aside 
a day for Iowa at the fair, was a great surprise and a pleasure tO' the ex- 
position. It has since been followed by Governors of other states. 

I cannot help but reiterate what I have said heretofore, that Iowa men 
have been connected with the pioneer work and progress of this fair, and 
that the exposition owes its greatest debt of gratitude to your state. I 
hope we shall continue to merit your good will and that the friendships es- 
tablished during the exposition work may be everlasting. 

The Iowa Building was the first to be contracted for, and your present 
Governor was the first official of any state tO' drive a cornerstake of a 
state building. The Iowa Building was the first tO' be completed, the first 
to fly the Stars and Stripes from her dome, and your Commission was the 
first to extend the hospitalities of its building. 

The promptness with which your Commission has placed its exhibits 
within the exhibit palaces of the exposition has been a great inspiration 
to the management and of unspeakable value in influencing the states and 
exhibitors to more prompt action. In an exposition of this magnitude it 
is always a pleasure to say that Iowa was ready on time, her doors open 
on the opening day and those charged with the responsibility of conduct- 
ing the affairs of your state have comprehended their duties. 

A Classic Structure. 

In assigning to your state the most beautiful spot on the grounds for 
your building, it was done without any misgivings whatever. Your Com- 
mission, in accepting the site, promised at that time to erect a building in 
harmony with the surroundings; that they have complied with this prom- 
ise two-fold is beyond question. The architecture of your building, with 
all that it contains, is in perfect harmony, and I also congratulate you, 
Governor Cummins, in the wise choice you made in the selection of mem- 
bers of the Commission for Iowa, so capable in every particular and de- 
sirous of carrying out your wishes. The beautiful pipe organ and your 
musical programs, which were started on the opening day, have already 
established for your building the name of the Temple of Music. 

Iowa's organ was the first to peal forth its tones of rejoicing on that 
memorable day, and your birds joined with the voices of your people and 



308 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



our people when the President of the United States turned on the electric 
current which started the machinery of the exposition in motion. 

While the Iowa idea, as it is known in politics, may cause differences 
of opinion, the Iowa idea as we know it at the exposition is of one senti- 
ment only, and that is of approval and endorsement. 



GOVERNOR ALBERT B. CUMMINS. 
Mr. President of the Exposition, Mr. President of the Iowa Commis- 
sion,' Ladies and Gentlemen: My friend, Governor Francis, has fallen up- 
on a mystery in the suggestion made by the president of the Iowa Com- 
mission, that Iowa has contributed, 
through her expanding citizenship, 
largely to the fortunes of the sur- 
rounding states, and he wonders 
why it is that so many of our good 
men and women have gone from 
the beautiful and fertile plains of 
Iowa to make homes for themselves 
in Minnesota, the Dakotas, Nebras- 
ka, Kansas and Missouri. I may be 
able to enlighten and solve the 
problem, which seems so difficult. 
The men and women of Iowa have 
now, and always have had, the true 
missionary spirit, and, seeing the 
darkness of the unfortunate lands 
about us, observing the need of 
Missouri, especially, of a higher 
and better civilization,^ our people, 
with the self-denying, self-obliterat- 
ing spirit that has distinguished 
missionaries in all ages, have left the comforts of their own state that they 
might teach the less fortunate the lessons of happiness and prosperity. 
Thus, my dear Governor Francis, what seems inexplicable becomes as 
clear as the light of the day which illumines the beautiful scene about us. 
Seriously speaking, however, I must be permitted at the very outset 
to congratulate you. President Francis, upon the unparalleled success 
which has crowned your efforts. 

I am quite within the truth when I say that when the stupendous plan 
of the proposed exposition was presented to the American people, they 
were appalled by its immensity, and they gravely doubted the power of 
those who had promulgated it to carry it into execution. The doubt has 
disappeared, and there is installed in its place in all our lands a profound 
admiration for the genius of the men who have created the marvelous 
monument upon which our eyes now rest. 

We find here not only the triumphs of architecture, but all about us, 
in lavish profusion, filling these magnificent structures to overflowing, are 
the best and highest evidences of the civilization in which we live, from 




AI^BERT BAIRD CUMMINS, 
Governor of Iowa. 



GOVERNOR CUMMINS' ADDRESS. 309 

every branch of human industiT- All latitudes and all longitudes are here 
offering their rich products as a testimonial of what man has done with 
the bounties of nature. 

Proud of Iowa's Representation. 

I take this opportunity of expressing to you, sir, and to your asso- 
ciates, my deep appreciation of the benefits you have conferred upon all 
humanity in thus bringing within so narrow a compass the gifts of the 
whole world. I desire also to express, not only on my own behalf, but on 
behalf of all the people of Iowa, our gratitude to the members of the Iowa 
Commission for their faithful and persistent labor. It is too much to ex- 
pect that our pre-eminence in agriculture and its allied pursuits could be 
made to appear in any exhibit, but I congratulate our representatives up- 
on the excellence of our showing. I congratulate them still further upon 
the building in which we are now gathered. It is beautiful and imposing 
in its architecture, and commodious and comfortable in its arrangement. 
I am told — and I can easily believe it to be true — 'that of all the state 
buildings, ours is distinguised in this, that there was built into its walls, 
and lingers about all its rooms, a spirit of homelikeness and hospitality 
which draws together a greater number of people than visit any other state 
building, unless it be the magnificent structure erected by the state of 
Missouri. There is somethixig not only inviting, but restful, in our build- 
ing, and the weary sightseer will find here a calm so delightful that he 
will remember the shade of this oasis long after the exposition shall have 
passed away. 

It is not my purpose, however, to exhaust the time which I may fairly 
consume in these ceremonies in praise of what has been done upon this 
spot. The exposition is significant not only for the thousands who may be 
so fortunate as to look upon it, but for the hundreds of thousands who 
must reflect upon the importance of the event it commemorates at home. 
Iowa Day will not be enjoyed alone by those who are here, but by our 
iOyal citizens throughout the length and breadth of the state. 

An Eventful Day. 

On a bright June day, just two hundred and thirty-one years ago, the 
'^yes of vvhite men first fell upon the beautiful shores of our beloved com- 
monwealtn. This, therefore, is a fitting moment in which to remember 
the process of the transformation from a wild, uncultivated, unpopulated 
territory to a civilized, developed, inhabited, cultivated state. As the scene 
passes before u--? in imagination, it seems like a miracle. I am not permit- 
ted to paint the picture that I see so clearly before me. I can only ask 
you to look upon it, and to share with you the pride and gratitude which 
fills the heart. 

As we are gathered here commemorating not only the acquisition of 
our territory from France, but the discovery of the fair land by the race 
which now populates it, let us remember that, through the providence of 
the Almighty or the genius of our forefathers, by fate or by accident, Iowa 
holds within her borders the fairest and best part of the Louisiana Terri- 
tory. Let us remember that there is no equal area in the known world so 
fertile, so prolific, so persistent in its harvests, so kind to the husband- 



310 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



man, as the state of which we are happy and fortunate citizens. Let us 
remember that upon this foundation of agriculture, which can he equaled 
by no other state in the Union, and no other country in the world, there 
will be erected, as time goes on, a structure of manufacture and commerce 
which will be commensurate with the foundation upon which it is laid. 
Let us remember that, moved, inspired and sustained by these extravagant 
gifts of nature, we have a population which, in morals, intelligence, love 
of good government — indeed, in everything that tends to lift up and hold 
up humanity — has no superior upon the face of the earth. Remembering 
these things, with all their kindred associations, our people can joyously 
celebrate the passing of this western land from the empire of France to 
the republic of the United States, and will, I doubt not, record a still 
higher and more sacred resolve of patriotism, of steadfastness and of prog- 
ress. Already we are conscious of a determination to lift still higher the 
standard of citizenship in a free, enlightened country. 




THOMAS D. HEALY. 

The address of the day was delivered by Thomas D. Healy, of Fort 

Dodge, as follows: 

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: It was not until the year 1845 

that Iowa had her fair proportions limited by congressional act. The first 

act of Congress providing for its 
''^''^*'^-'^ "^ ""^- ^. - -v. admission placed the western 

% . boundary of the state on a line 
extending from the northwest 
corner of Kossuth County south 
to Ringgold County. Owing to 
the fact that the whole Missouri 
slope was thus taken from the 
proposed state, the people re- 
fused to adopt the constitution 
with the boundaries so limited, 
and this rejection was achieved 
by the earnest efforts of a few 
pioneers, among whom Enoch 
W. Eastman occupied a con- 
spicuous position. 

^ _ Historical. 

The territory now within 
the boundaries of our state had 
passed from France, claiming it 
by right of discovery, to Spain. 
The United States made a treaty 
with Spain, making the Mississippi river the boundary line between the 
territory of the United States and Louisiana. 

In 1800, by treaty between France and Spain, France again secured 
control of the Louisiana Territory and retained it until 1803, when Bona- 
parte's military necessities compelled him to sell it to this government. 



^i. 




THOMAS D. HEAIyY, Ft. Dodge, 
Orator Iowa Day. 



SENATOR HEALY'S ADDRESS. 311 

It is interesting at this time, owing to the recent acquisition of for- 
eign territory by our country, to recall that, before the treaty for the pur- 
chase of Louisiana was submitted to Congress, President Jefferson recog- 
nized doubts respecting his authority to make the purchase or the author- 
ity of Congress to approve it. In a letter written at the time, he said: "I 
suppose both houses of Congress must appeal to the nation for an addi- 
tional article to the constitution, approving and confiiTning the act which 
the nation had not previously authorized. * * * j thought it my duty 
to risk myself in the purchase, but we shall not be disavowed by the na- 
tion. * * * The future inhabitants of the Atlantic and Mississippi 
states will be our sons. We leave them in distinct but bordering estab- 
lishments. We see their happiness in their union and we wish it." 

The Constitution — The Louisiana Purchase. 

The adjustment of the slavery question in the federal constitution was 
undoubtedly secured on the agreed assumption by adverse interests that 
the federal government could not extend itself by purchase of new terri- 
tory. The Louisiana country became a part of the United States without 
the necessity of an amendment to the constitution as anticipated by Pres- 
ident Jefferson, and after the lapse of one hundred years the incorpora- 
tion of this territory into the Union, stands as one of the few events that 
has exercised a controlling influence on the fate of the republic. By act 
of Congress in 1804, the District of Louisiana was attached to Indiana ter- 
ritory, and in 1808 the District of Louisiana was organized into the Terri- 
tory of Louisiana. In 1809 the Territory of Arkansas was carved out of 
Louisiana, and in 1812 the Territory of Louisiana was organized as the 
Territory of Missouri. In 1820 the state of Missouri was formed from the 
territory, thus bringing on the first great contest over slavery. This was 
settled by the Missouri Compromise, which forbade slavery north of thir- 
ty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude. In 1834 what is now Iowa 
was, by act of Congress, made a part of Michigan Territory, which brought 
us under the provisions of the Ordinance of 1787, which established a gov- 
ernment for the territory northwest of the Ohio river, and this ordinance, 
though framed by Jefferson, contained a prohibition of slavery. In 1836 
we were made a part of the Territory of Wisconsin, and in 1838 the Terri- 
tory of Wisconsin west of the Mississippi river was set apart under a 
separate territorial government, to be known thereafter by the name of 
Iowa which is the first time the name of our state appears in a congres- 
sional act. 

The treaties and acts of Congress referred to merely affected our ter- 
ritory as a matter of geography, and are of historical interest. These re- 
peated transfers exerted little influence on the character of our state, its 
political growth or on the customs and laws of its people, because there 
was no white population within the territory of the present state until 
about 1835. 

Iowa's Early Days. 

It is appropriate at this time, when the nation is celebrating in the 
metropolis of this great purchase the one hundredth anniversary of its 
acquisition, that a day is set apart when the people of Iowa may come to- 



312 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

gether and recall some of the events in the upbuilding of our common- 
wealth. 

It is a little over fifty-seven years since Iowa was admitted to the 
Union. Its people lived but a short time under territorial government. 
Thousands of men are now living in this state who had attained their ma- 
jority when it was admitted to the Union. This short space of time has 
been sufficient for the creation and upbuilding of a commonwealth that, iu 
its government, laws, and in the character and aspirations of its citizens, 
occupies a most honorable position in the family of states. 

The spectacle of the pioneers of this state in government building is 
most interesting and instructive. They came across the Mississippi from 
other states and territories in which they had learned the provisions of 
the federal constitution and the statutes made in pursuance thereof, and 
knew the different guaranties set forth in the Ordinance of 1787, which is 
sometimes spoken of as America's Magna Charta. 

In the history of our territory there was a short period in which there 
was no public law for the government of the thousands of settlers who 
had' anticipated the opening of the territory to actual settlement. These 
settlers experienced no difficulty in providing laws for their own govern- 
ment and in enforcing them quite as effectively as the laws were subse- 
quently enforced under the regular territorial and state governments. A 
fact of great importance in the founding of our state was that the pioneer 
knew what his rights were, appreciated the necessity of law, and readily 
adapted himself to the limitations enforced in all states governed by the 
constitution. 

An Agricultural State. 

Iowa is an agricultural state. It has no large city, and the cultivation 
of the soil and the raising of live stock is the business of the great part 
of the population. A large amount of capital is invested and many thou- 
sand artisans are engaged in manufacturing enterprises. The annual value 
of its manufactured products approximates one hundred seventy million 
dollars. 

Our state is better watered and has more fertile land than any equal 
area known to man. It is located in the best corn producing zone in the 
world. It has over 230,000 farms, occupying about 35,000,000 acres of land, 
and produces in farm products, including the amount fed to live stock, 
an average in value during the year of $1,000,000 per day, or a total value 
of over $365,000,000, according to the census of 1900. It exceeds every 
other state in the value of its farm products, and the next state to it is 
$20,000,000 less than Iowa's aggregate. It exceeds every other state in 
the value of its live stock, and the next state to it is $50,000,000 less than 
Iowa's aggregate. 

In animal husbandry, the Iowa College of Agriculture has acquired a 
fame world-wide, and has repeatedly won honors at international stock 
shows for the practical and scientific knowledge of its students. Our 
farmers are constantly gaining technical knowledge of all matters per- 
taining to the upbuilding of agriculture. In the growth of our chief in- 
dustry, we are conscious of our pre-eminence and ascribe it to the wonder- 
ful character of our soil and to the unusual transportation facilities which 
the topography of our state permits us to enjoy. 



SENATOR HEALY'S ADDRESS. 313 

The Public Schools. 

The makers of Iowa knew the necessity of providing for the intellec- 
tual and moral growth of the people, and likewise knew that in a common- 
wealth where the church and state were ever to be divorced, it was neces- 
sary to rely upon free public schools as the handmaid of good government 
and the agency by which subsequent generations would learn to know and 
venerate its institutions. A despotic or monarchial government may exist 
without popular education. A government framed by the people, and pos- 
sessed of no sanction for the enforcement of its laws save the law-abiding 
spirit of the people, cannot last unless the free public school be created 
and be forever cherished. 

In the first act passed for the admission of Iowa in 1845, Congress pro- 
vided that five per cent of the net proceeds of sales of public lands should 
be appropriated for public roads and canals. The people were not inclined 
to accept the constitution thus tendered, and secured a change in the con- 
gressional act providing that five per cent of the sales of public lands be 
set apart to make a permanent fund for schools. This permanent fund 
amounts now to almost $5,000,000. The first school opened in Iowa was in 
1830, eight years before the Territory of Iowa was formed. Now there are 
about 30,000 teachers giving instruction in schoolhouses, which, in the 
aggregate, cost over $20,000,000, and there is now expended annually over 
$10,000,000 in maintenance of these common schools. Iowa stands second 
in percentage of illiteracy and only Massachusetts, New York and the Dis- 
trict of Columbia, in the older states of the Union, expend a greater per 
capita for common school purposes than Iowa does. The state has not, in 
the promotion of education, been content to rest after providing for the 
■common school system, but has made provision in its constitution for the 
establishment of a state university that has been and will remain the cen- 
ter from which radiate the educational influences necessary to keep Iowa 
in the forefront of intellectual achievement. 

Higher Educational Institutions. 

The Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, fostered 
by the state, and for the support of which sums are constantly voted, is 
the best known college of its kind in the nation, and is reflecting honor on 
the state; its students and graduates are constantly giving evidence of 
the scientiflc character of the instruction imparted within its walls. 

The great Normal School, which in recent years, has been properly ap- 
preciated by most generous appropriations, is bringing to the teaching- 
forces of the state a strength and vigor and culture that will insure Iowa's 
aspiration for the minimum of illiteracy. State universities are now a 
necessity, and in the years to come we will be compelled to place much 
reliance on the university or college endowed by the state for the impar- 
tial instruction of the youth in political and social science and in studies 
of our industrial life. 

Iowa occupies a most creditable position respecting the number and 
the high character of the sectarian schools and colleges located within 
her borders. These institutions mean much in repeated disappointments, 
self-sacrifice and unrewarded devotion to education on the part of the 
founders, officers and professors. As the state and church must remain 



314 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

separate — like two parallel lines running on together, but never meeting 
— these institutions of learning have never received any largess from the 
public treasury. The same love of learning and appreciation of its neces- 
sity (that made the early pioneer provide for the common schools have 
caused the growth of the denominational schools, all harmoniously tending 
to the more thorough and better education of the youth and to the incal- 
culable good of the state. 

Our educational institutions have given the people an accurate knowl- 
edge of our government, both state and national. They have stimulated a 
desire to study the principles of democracy and to acquire a familiarity 
with the basic ideas of good government, and the intense commercial 
spirit of other portions of the land, has not yet invaded our agricultural 
state or retarded the growth of this desire. 

The Pulpit and Press. 

Christianity in its broadest and most tolerant sense is the law of the 
state. The elevating and refining influence of Christianity has been pres- 
ent since the early days of our history and has dominated the thoughts 
and customs of the people and found expression in laws wherein moral 
reforms have secured the sustaining aid of legislative will. 

Next to the people, the most influential power is the newspaper press. 
"It is a continuous transcript and picture of current public opinion." Like 
other business enterprises, it has a commercial side, but the commercial 
side of the Iowa press has not made it venal or subservient. Its opinions 
on public questions are not purchasable, and it is not the exponent of self- 
ish interests, masking itself as speaking for the public good. Prosperous 
turpitude has not been the aspiration or achievement of Iowa's journalists, 
and such has been her unbroken record. 

It takes a larger number of people in Iowa to make public opinion 
than in the states where the population is more dense. We have political 
leaders, but we have no political bosses. The strongest man and the most 
popular man is he who can prove himself innocent of the support of a 
"machine." 

Political Institutions and Leadership. 
The charge is often made by critics of American institutions that 
there is extravagance and waste in the administration of state and mu- 
nicipal governments. Our state has no debt and carries a cash balance 
suflBlcient to meet its manifold obligations. The limitation placed in our 
constitution on the amount for which the state can contract debt has cul- 
tivated business prudence and compels each generation to bear its bur- 
dens. About seventy per cent of the total revenues of Iowa is expended 
in the maintenance of its charitable, penal and educational institutions. 
No state gives better care or more scientific treatment to the defective and 
unfortunate sheltered in the hospitals and other charitable institutions. No 
state has a more rigid accountability exacted of the expenditures of its 
revenues. The state institutions are entirely free from the blighting in- 
fluence of patronage and partisan politics. It is a cause for discharge from 
the service of the state to pay an assessment for political purposes. Each 
of the thirteen hundred employes in the state institutions is there because 



SENATOR HEALY'S ADDRESS. 315 

be is competent and without any reference to his politics. No state, in 
the management of its institutions, has a better civil service or merit sys- 
tem than that enforced in the state institutions of Iowa, all of which indi- 
cates the advanced ground that Iowa takes in every movement for an eco- 
nomical and effective administration of its government. 

Loyalty. 

The political history of our state is an object lesson in prudence and 
self-restraint. Iowa's record as a part of the Federal Union has added 
luster to our nation's history. Our people valued the admission of the 
state in 1846. Her "first breath was the inspiration of liberty." When the 
imity of our country was in jeopardy, Iowa was courageously loyal and the 
enthusiasm and sacrifices of her people are enshrined in the annals of the 
nation. Over ten per cent of her population enlisted as fighting men. Her 
dead, who are sleeping their lives away on southern battlefields, are 
not forgotten and our state has, in these days of prosperity, taken from 
the public funds hundreds of thousands of dollars to commemorate in mar- 
ble and granite the deeds of her sons. In the language of the gifted John 
Hay: 

"And soldier boys who snatched death's starry prize 
With sweet life radiant in their fearless eyes, 
The dreams of love upon their beardless lips. 
Bartering dull age for immortality; 
Their memories hold in death's unyielding fee 
The youth that thrilled them to the finger-tips." 

The election of Governor Grimes in 1854, immediately after the repeal 
of the Missouri Compromise, indicated that Iowa held advanced ground 
in opposition to the extension of slavery. Iowa was then the youngest in 
the sisterhood of states, but this circumstance did not prevent her from 
speaking trumpet tongued on the all-absorbing issue. The questions that 
had distracted the country from its inception, whether the government 
might coerce a state, and whether slavery should, in the territories of the 
United States, be protected by the constitution, had become matters of 
construction, and formed a debating ground for lawyers. It was foreseen 
that the interests involved were too great to permit this intrinsically poli- 
tical question, involving the supremacy of the slave-holding states, to be 
determined by judicial construction or further legislation. The debate, 
w^herein Webster determined to advise his countrymen what the consti- 
tution of the United States meant in 1830, rather than what it meant in 
1789, was, measured by the effects produced, the greatest forensic effort 
in history. 

The growth of the constitution as expounded by the constructive mind 
of Marshall, had made the Union indissoluble. Judicial construction and 
the channels of the people's thoughts made the constitution, when Webster 
delivered his oration, something other than what it could fairly be said to 
have meant when adopted. The Iowa soldier of 1861, in common with his 
brethren in the north, had been reared justly believing that Webster's in- 
spiring periods idealizing the constitution and Union were as sacred as 
any article of that organic law. 



316 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Iowa Only Free Child of Missouri Compromise. 

\Ye can understand the feeling in this state in 1854 when Governor 
Grimes, then recently elected, in referring in his first message to the pro- 
posed extension of slavery by the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, 
said: "It becomes the people of the free states to meet that issue reso- 
lutely, calmly, and with a sense of the momentous consequences that will 
flow from its decision. To every elector, in view of that issue, might ap- 
propriately be applied the injunction anciently addressed to the Jewish 
king, 'Be strong and show thyself a man.' * * * j^^ becomes the state 
of Iowa, the only free child of the Missouri Compromise, to let the world 
know that she values the blessing that compromise has secured to her, and 
that she will never consent to become a party to the nationalization of 
slavery." 

In the convention of 1860, which nominated President Lincoln, Iowa 
was fittingly represented on the committee which drafted the platform 
by one of her distinguished sons, John A. Kasson, It was he who moulded 
the platform as finally adopted and wrote into it the decisive declaration, 
""The normal condition of all the territorj- of the United States is that of 
freedom." The subsequent election of Lincoln on this platform was the 
reason advanced for the withdrawing of the Confederate States from the 
Union. 

Iowa in War Times. 

We are prepared to find that Governor Kirkwood, on April 29, 1861, 
a few weeks after Sumpter was fired upon, wrote to the Secretary of War, 
"For God's sake send us arms. Three regiments waiting and five thou- 
sand guns required at once." A few days thereafter. May 15, 1861, ad- 
dressing the legislature then called in session, he said, "For the Union as 
our fathers formed it, and for the government they founded so wisely and 
so well, the people are ready to pledge every fighting man in the state 
and every dollar of their money and credit." 

In the ensuing confiict the Iowa troops could well rely ppon the force- 
ful war Governor and upon the officers commissioned to lead them in bat- 
tle. Major General Grenville M. Dodge, Iowa's greatest soldier, ably com- 
manded the second division of the Army of the Tennessee. During the 
war he formed an intimate friendship with General Grant, which was con- 
tinued until the death of that great leader. 

Brigadier General Marcellus M. Crocker was one of the best beloved 
of Iowa soldiers. He took an active part in the battles of Shiloh and Cor- 
inth, and won from Grant the compliment, "Crocker was fit to command 
an independent army." 

Major General Samuel R. Curtis was a graduate of West Point, and be- 
came distinguished in the war with Mexico. He won the fiercely contested 
battle of Pea Ridge against a largely superior force. 

Major General John M. Corse had a West Point training. He entered 
the military service at the outbreak of the war and became one of the 
most celebrated of the fighting generals from Iowa. His most famous 
service was his defense of AUatoona. for which he was made a brevet 
major general. He was an especial favorite of General Sherman. 

Major General W. W. Belknap fought in many battles about Corinth, 



SENATOR HEALY'S ADDRESS. 317 

luka, Kenesaw Mountain and Atlanta. He won his promotions by hard fight- 
ing and was greatly respected for his military prowess by Grant and Sher- 
man. 

Brevet Major General James A. Williamson went out from Des Moines 
as adjutant of the Fourth Iowa Infantry. He was a fighting soldier from 
the start, and participated in numberless battles and skirmishes. 

Brigadier General James M. Tuttle commanded the Second Iowa In- 
fantry in the charge at Fort Donelson, He greatly distinguished himself 
at the battle of Shiloh. His "sword of Donelson" is now one of the highly 
prized relics of the State Historical Department. 

Major General Samuel A. Rice and many other officers reflected honor 
upon Iowa and have made a glorious history in the heroic period of the 
country. 

Iowa in Peace. 

In the reconstruction period, Iowa's representatives exerted a per- 
suasive influence in congressional legislation. The present senior Senator 
from Iowa entered public life during the Civil War. One of the best 
proofs that our people are conservative and slow to adopt untried or rad- 
ical legislation is found in the fact that one of the nation's ablest and most 
conservative statesmen has, for more than thirty years, set in the United 
States Senate, bearing a commission from this state. 

The charge is sometimes made thai the western states have not paid 
due regard in their legislative enactments to the rights of property. Pop- 
ular violence against wealth and property is always an evidence of a weak 
government. Our constitutional democracies in this regard, however, may 
well challenge comparison with many European governments. We in Iowa 
have never made predatory attacks on wealth or property. 

The individual ownership of the soil has bred a self-respect and a re- 
spect for the property rights of others. There is no antagonism between 
the rich and poor, which has been aptly described as the oldest disease of 
government. We know corporate wealth chiefly in the great transportation 
lines. We recognize that the facilities afforded by Iowa's railroads have 
done incalculable service in our development. 

Transportation Facilities and Regulation. 

The first railroad came to the Mississippi river in 1854, and today Iowa 
is the first state in the union in the distribution of railroad mileage. It 
affords a most inviting field for transportation companies. The great bulk 
of the agricultural products and live stock is shipped to markets beyond 
its borders. The people purchase their necessary merchandise and sup- 
plies in large measure beyond the limits of the state. 

From an early day the law making power has affirmed the principle of 
the state regulation of railways. It has insisted that there shall be equal- 
ity among all localities and individuals and has repeatedly urged upon 
Congress the prevention of rebates and discrimination. About sixteen 
years ago an honored Governor of Iowa, now present as chairman of the 
Iowa Commission at this exposition, found it necessary to insist upon cor- 
rective legislation, because of ihe manifest disregard by some railroad 
managers of their duties as common carriers. This demand was based up- 



318 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

on the idea that railroads should not regulate business interests, but that 
their true office was to serve those interests. This legislation was, in the 
main, fair in its operation and has not been repealed. It is gratifying to 
record that the State Board of Railway Commissioners has never since 
its creation increased a tariff charge except in some instance of palpable 
error. 

It is also gratifying to know that the people of our state have been 
-greatly benefitted by the constantly reducing freight charge for the trans- 
portation of commodities from the Iowa farm to market. The complaint 
that a Governor of Iowa once made that "the skeleton in the Iowa corn 
crib is the freight rate from the Missouri river to Chicago," can no longer 
be made. The farmer has secured and now enjoys many of the advan- 
tages that come from decreasing freight rates, and this has not been com- 
pelled by rash or ill considered legislation, working a deprivation of any 
property right. 

Justice and the Preservation of RigPits. 

We have borrowed from the constitution of the United States the fun- 
damental guarantees of the citizen and his property. The federal consti- 
tution borrowed greatly from the state constitutions then existing, and we 
therefore have incorporated in the constitution of Iowa double guarantees 
for the preservation of those rights exercised in a state where the gov- 
ernment is one of law and not of caprice. 

A state that has furnished to the nation Samuel F. Miller and John F. 
Dillon, who have enriched the jurisprudence of mankind, may be justly 
conscious that the law and its best traditions are firmly woven into the 
woof and warp of its governmental fabric. When our law was in its form- 
ative period, the Iowa supreme court, speaking through Mason, Dillon, 
Wright, Cole and Beck, established for our people "standards for human- 
ity as well as wisdom." 

The predominance of the judiciary has created a recognition of legal- 
ity. Our people unconsciously give to the decision of a court a regard 
equivalent to that given to the enactment of a law, and this acquiescence 
is granted with knowledge that it may be a mistaken judgment. The Iowa 
legislator has not looked askance upon the growth of governmental func- 
tions and we have readily yielded acquiescence to the thought that the 
disorder and abuses attendant upon all human governments will find a 
better corrective in the enlargement of the federal powers, than by a sur- 
render to the behests of socialism, which would fatally weaken the safe- 
guards of private property. Our sense of justice is fairly expressed in the 
comprehensive language of the late Senator James F. Wilson: 

"Justice must be omnipresent. Wherever the citizen is, there it must 
be. It must go hand in hand with the rights of all. It must know no class 
nor race nor distinction of position or rank, nor favors to riches, nor op- 
pression to poverty. It must be the defense of each citizen and the pro- 
tector of all." 

Concluding this inadequate survey of the subject — may God keep us 
in safety and may the historian who writes of governments maintaining 
liberty with order have occasion to pass encomiums on our midland com 
monwealth that stood four-squared for civic righteousness, mastered the 



IOWA DAY CEREMONIES. 319 

destructive processes of time and the chief glory of which was the char- 
acter of its citizens and the unerring fidelity with which it divined the 
paths that led them to honor, peace and the largest measure of well being. 



• At the Iowa Statue 

The Iowa statue, in the Colonnade of States on Art Hill, in which each 
of the states belonging to the Louisiana Purchase is represented, was for- 
mally presented by the exposition management and accepted for the state 
of Iowa, this being the first recognition by any state of this courtesy on 
behalf of the management. During the parade a halt was made at the 
Iowa statue. President Larabeo introduced President David R. Francis, 
who said: 

"It is a matter of great regret to me that we could not tender to the 
state of Iowa the beautiful statue done in bronze instead of simply a plas- 
tic cast. As you will observe from this beautiful position, the central point 
in the architectural picture of the exposition grounds is Festival Hall, the 
Cascades and the Colonnade of States. This architectural picture, in 
beauty and extent, is incomparable with any heretofore conceived. It is 
pleasing to the exposition management to have Iowa recognize the value 
of this piece of statuary, and provide for its decoration as a part of the 
Iowa Day ceremonies. Each of the fourteen states and territories carved 
out of the Louisiana Purchase are here represented in this colonnade by 
allegorical statues, sj'mbolical of the spirit of the state or territory it rep- 
resents. 

"These figures were modeled by the most eminent sculptors of the 
United States, and portray in a striking manner the spirit and character- 
istics of the people who inhabited the section, the development of which, 
under republican institutions, is unequaled in the history of the world. 

"I have said I regret these pieces of statuary could not be finished in 
bronze and the whole beautiful picture preserved for ages as a monument 
to the exposition. 

"Mr. President, I ask you to accept this." 



COMMISSIGNER PALMER. 

Commissioner Leroy A. Palmer responded for the state of Iowa as 
follows : 

Mr. President: In our gratitude to you for the prominent place in 
which you have placed Iowa in this greatest of universal expositions of 
peace, in our earnest appreciation of the artist and his beautiful work, 
whose plastic dream looks down from this pedestal in all the calm majes- 
ty of its classic lines, and in all the dignity of the sculptor's art it is also 
the earnest wish and hope of our Commission that the beauty of this sculp- 
tured vision shall not perish, as the beauty and splendor of this mighty ex 
position in so short a time must perish, but that, inspired by the noble dig- 
nity of the thought which caused its erection here, to perpetuate its beaut7y 



COMMISSIONER PALMER'S ADDRESS. 



321 




COMR. LEROY A. PALMER, 
Mt. Pleasant. 



and make it safe "against the as- 
saults of savage time," I say it is 
our wish and hope that the com- 
memorative purpose of this statue 
sliall be nobly preserved and that 
the legislative wisdom of Iowa 
may be led to have it recast in un- 
perishable bronze, so that in after 
years, when those of us who now 
assemble here shall assemble no 
more forever, our children and our 
children's children may, in their 
time and generation, when they 
shall visit this terrace, see thi? 
memorial which typifies a mas- 
ter'n conception of Iowa's place 
among the children of the Louis- 
ian Purchase. 

Should Be Preserved. 

A sad hearted poet has said 
that "the past of nations is known 
only by their ruins." The children of Iowa who may come after us will be 
deeply grateful, I cannot but feel, if Iowa's past shall be again and again 
called to their minds and to their hearts not by its ruins but by its pres- 
ervations. 

Speaking then for them, these children of Iowa's tomorrow, our wish 
and hope says let this figure be cast in bronze. Better the story of preser- 
vation, better a visible emblem of immortality than the sad, sad story of 
decay, and the still sadder tale of evanesence and ruin. 

What the Statue Typifies. 

If you ask what this plastic dream typifies, I say that its heroic fig- 
ure, its noble lines, its garnered sheaf, its rested scythe, its peaceful, 
thoughtful face looking down upon these clustered survivals of Greek Old- 
World art — looking down upon these majestic accumulations of the arts of 
peace, the greatest ever assembled in the history of the whole past of the 
world — this heroic figure embodies the story of a young commonwealth, 
one among the youngest of the world's great states, whose achievements 
and victories of peace along all the lines of this earth's higher civilization 
have been compassed, gained and their fruit conserved during the brief 
period of less than four generations of men. 

It shall stand upon this hill and bid you from Iowa remember Iowa. 
It shall renew in memory your patriotic pride and give an added dignity 
to your patriotic claim that Iowa is the fairest sister in all the sisterhood 
of states, born of that common mother — the Louisiana Purchase. 

Iowa, that little bit of God's earth, how proud she sits! This little 
Iowa, listening to the murmurs of that majestic stream, which only a short 
century ago divided the Spanish and French possessions from our forefath- 
ers' homes in the east, rimmed on the west by the Missouri, that sluggish 



322 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

stream upon whose bosom voyaged Lewis and Clarke — voyaged that they 
might verify the mighty vision of Jefferson, and set a boundary to that 
vast domain whose limits were then unknown — who were to give the Lou- 
isiana Territory "a local habitation and a name" — this Iowa with its 56,000 
square miles of territory without one sterile acre to blot its verdant land- 
scape — this is what this statue typifies and commemorates. 

As a Drama. 

If you ask what drama of humanity has been played upon this little 
stage of life, what Iowa has achieved, what have been her contributions 
to the well being of the world, what shall I answer you? In this brief 
time allotted by this ceremony of dedication, I shall not attempt to tell 
you the story of that drama. 

I cannot tell you of Iowa's physical achievements; I cannot, tell you 
the story lived out upon her 230,000 farms, in all the indescribable magni- 
tude of their economic wealth, where, for seventy years "of uneventful 
toil, gathered harvests have followed quiet tillage above a peaceful soil." 
I cannot tell you of these in detail. 

Of that mighty physical retrospect of which this statue is emblematic 
I can only point you to Iowa's exhibited wealth in the industrial palaces 
of this great exposition — these must speak for me. 

Agriculture, horticulture, mineralogy, live stock — all the wealth of 
Iowa's soil, the stupendous and nearly indescribable wealth of field and 
orchard and mine — these are all hers. They tell to the world better than 
my faltering words the story of Iowa's marvelous advances along all lines 
of physical well being. 

Of the men and women who achieved these physical results, what 
shall I say of them as they were and are related to that better and higher 
life of motive, of purpose, and of aspiration? What have been their mo- 
tives; what have been their aspirations; what their typical ideals? To 
answer this and tell of those silent forces, which direct and guide man- 
kind along the pathway of its destiny, I should be obliged to tell the story 
of a long past. I should tell of that mighty exodus of magnificent man- 
hood and womanhood which, from far back, broke over the rim of the Al- 
leghenies and rushed in to fill the last territory of Louis after Montcalm 
had fallen and Quebec had capitulated to the colonial army. 

The story of the fall of Quebec in 1759, the abandonment of the line 
of French forts up the Mississippi and Ohio and along the great lake 
boundary as far east as legendary Arcadia — this would all be a part of the 
chronicle were I to attempt to tell the aspirations, the motives, the ideals, 
and ambitions, which, ever and ever, spurred this multitude westward and 
still westward until they combined to stamp western life with a type all 
its own. 

I cannot tell you of that long, weary lapse of time — sixty-five years in 
all — after the fall of Quebec before the surging tide of that human ocean 
spread to the east banks of the Mississippi, nor of the stern school and 
rugged characteristics of the men who were trained in that waiting time — 
time forbids. 



COMMISSIONER PALMER'S ADDRESS. 323 

Characteristics of People. 

On looking back we may discern certain fundamental traits of char- 
acter which are perhaps common to the people of all western states, but 
Iowa may claim with enthusiastic pride that these traits became pre-emi- 
nently, characteristically hers, and which, deeply planted in the earlier 
days of Iowa's territorial existence, have survived and renewed themselves 
until her life is seen today made of the web and woof of her ideals, caught 
from an earlier generation of men. 

Those men and women were not hunters of fortune. No favored El- 
dorado of gold and glittering gems, where fortune could be made without 
work, lured them on. No dream of perpetual youth; no life of ease with- 
out labor, was theirs. No vision led them westward with the hope that 
they might triumph over weak and helpless savage men, and upon the 
spoils of conquest build a state. 

No; fundamentally no! The man who came out of the western shad- 
ows of the Alleghenies and braved the perils of the wilderness, resting 
awhile in Ohio, now in Indiana, and now in Illinois; then again up and 
away, bearing his burden farther west, and finally building his resting- 
place in Iowa — this man was essentially a home-seeker and home-builder. 
His physical exertions were great, his hardships many, his strifes not a 
few; but with it all he was not without a mighty stimulus for abstract 
truth and justice and right thinking. If we today boast of our daily news- 
papers and the assumed incentive to correct thought which they are sup- 
posed to serve, that pioneer of the long ago was nearer the English clas- 
sics than we. It is true he had but few books; he inherited these from 
his father. Upon these few books he fed his intellectual and spiritual life. 

The Pioneer. 

It may well be that when the historian of some later day shall do for 
this emigrant, this pioneer to the Louisiana Purchase, what Buckle and 
Guizot have done for civilization in Europe, and instead of the too much 
recounting of the pioneer's strenuous life — his struggles with nature and 
savages wilder than nature, and with his fellow white man wilder than 
savages — he shall trace those deeper motives, those hidden moral forces, 
which modern intelligence is fast coming to understand are the real causes 
of progress. Instead of recounting these bitter days of pioneer life shall 
tell us of the books he read and which most influenced his life and time. 
He will say that the generation which fed its mental wants and morg^l 
longings upon the Bible and Bunyan, upon Gibbon and Hume and Paine, 
upon Shakespeare, Addison and Pope, and who read in the feeble light of 
his cabin the Federalist and the Madison papers, and perhaps later De 
Tocquerville's Democracy in America, was a man fit then to become the 
maker of fundamental constitutions, defining his relations to government, 
and which were to be the organic charters of free, intelligent and sover- 
eign states. 

And such an historian would but reflect the truth of that day if he 
should say that the man who came west with his rifle in his hand and 
Story's Debates on the Constitution in his pocket, came first to Iowa and 
remained there to stamp his characteristics and traits upon Iowa's 56,000 



324 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

square miles of territory, create a mighty sovereignty under whose first 
free constitution no line could be drawn between black man and white 
man; upon whose soil no privileged class could flourish; where absolute 
equality under the law was the dominating idea, and whose spirit breathed 
into every line of its constitution was that of freedom, liberty and justice. 

The Fourth Generation. 

And so Iowa has passed into the fourth generation. Her growth in 
civic power has kept pace with her wonderful physical prosperity. She 
has never lost the vigor of her youth and has not yet forgotten the lessons 
of her past. 

Her character, stamped as it has been with the characteristics of its 
founders, has remained unchanged under the beneficent influences of the 
ideals of her earlier days. Her great physical prosperity has not enervated 
her people nor degraded her public spirit. 

She has met many of the problems which great states must solve, 
and she has solved them, and is today a great commonwealth of peace, 
freedom and contentment — discontent within her borders exists only as a 
salutary antiseptic, to the end that her contentment does not degenerate 
into stagnation. 

Questions to Be Met. 

If it shall be hers in time to come to meet the more dangerous and 
insidious influences of a more complex civilization; if her population shall 
press more heavily upon subsistence, and her bounteous prosperity and 
physical well being, by the operation of economic law, or by the more hid- 
den fallacies and sophistries of partial and class legislation, be diverted 
from her people and her great wealth and resources be not fairly distribu- 
ted within her borders; if great cities shall spring up — those sores upon 
the body politic, as Jefferson well said — and out of their congested popu- 
lation write their history of want, and vice, and crime; if there shall arise 
those dangerous doctrines and influences which constantly tend to mislead 
a just public opinion and poison the integrity of the public conscience; if 
vast accumulations of wealth, in the hands of powerful men, shall ever 
become the creative agency of class privilege, and by corrupt public opin- 
ion seek to undermine Iowa's high ideals of civic righteousness — if any or 
all of these should come to Iowa in the unfoldings of the future, we have 
faith that they will be met as the vicissitudes of the wildernness and toil 
and primitive suffering were met by our fathers. And as they overcame 
it all, changed the wilderness into a verdant garden of the Lord, and trans- 
formed all the hardships of those "far-off unhappy days" and battles long 
since fought into so many schools, teaching courage, steadfastness in trial, 
and slowly maturing a public conscience which was to write its immutable 
laws into a great state charter with equality before the law written into 
every line of it and the inalienable right to individual freedom asserted for 
the first time as a fact and not a theory — with these ideals of our fathers 
before us the dangers of tomorrow will be met. It shall be our hereditary 
duty to defend and perpetuate what they created. 

And so the years may come and go. This noble statue shall remind 
the passing generations of what Iowa was at the opening of the twentieth 



IOWA DAY CEREMONIES. 



32S 



century, and as her part is thus fixed as inevitably as the lineaments of 
this figure recast in "age-resisting bronze," so her future shall be as surely 
fixed in the faith and hope of her sons and daughters. 

May I say of her as the venerable Bryant said of our republic — -this 
poet sage whose life spanned the entire life of Iowa as a territory and 
state: 

"Who can fix the date of thy new-found strength or tell 
How happy in thy lap the sons of man may dwell?" 

At the conclusion of Commissioner Palmer's address Governor Cum- 
mins was called for, and in responding, he thanked the people for their 
attendance, saying: 

"I will speak at the Iowa Building in a short time, so I will not detain 
you here. You have already heard enough, and if I were to enter upon 
the glories of Iowa, I would make her history immortal by making it 
eternal." 



The Day 

The weather for Iowa Day was perfect in every respect. The parade 
moved on time and not a hitch occurred in the program to mar its suc- 
cess. 

' The attendance from Iowa was very large and the Iowa Building was 
crowded from early morn till late at night by visitors from states, terri- 
tories and foreign countries. 

...„.„„.„___ The evening reception was 

largely attended and proved a very 
pleasant feature of the program of 
the day. 

In the Governor's official party, 
in addition to the members of the 
Iowa Commission and their ladies, 
were the following, who participated 
in the events of the day: 

Governor A. B. Cummins and 
Mrs. Cummins; John Briar, private 
secretary, and Mrs. Briar; W. B. 
Martin, Secretary of State; G. S. 
Gilbertson, Treasurer of State, and 
the following members of the Gover- 
nor's staff: 

Brigadier General M. H. Byers, 
Adjutant General, and daughter, 
Miss Ethel Byers; Col. John C. 
Loper, Quartermaster General; Col. 
John R. Prime, Inspector General; Col. H. B. Hedge, Commissary General, 
and Mrs. Hedge; Col. Wilton McCarthy, Surgeon General; Col. C. G. Saun- 
ders, Judge Advocate General; Col. W. E. H. Morse, General Inspector 
Small Arms Practice; Col. C. J. Wilson, Chief of Engineers; Col. C. S. 
Crail, Chief Signal Officer, and Mrs. Crail; Maj. Joe Beeson, Military Sec- 




MRS, GOVERNOR CUMMINS, 
Des Moines. 




*THE STATUE "IOWA" 
Carl E, Tefft, Sculptor. 



IOWA DAY CEREMONIES. 327 

retary; Maj. John T. Hume, Assistant Adjutant General; Maj. J. A. Olm- 
sted, United States Army, and Mrs. Olmsted, and the following aids: 

Col. I. B. Santee and Mrs. Santee; Col. T. A. Potter; Col. A. A. Pen- 
quite; Col. W. M. Davis and Mrs. Davis; Col. H. M. Bigelow; Col. W. B. 
Humphrey, 56th Infantry, I. N. G. ; Gen. J. R. Lincoln, Iowa State College ; 
Col. C. E. Mitchell and Mrs. Mitchell; William Coalson, Governor's mes- 
senger. 

Among those present from Iowa who participated in the Iowa Day 
ceremonies, were the following: 

Congressmen Thomas Hedge and G. N. Haugen; ex-Lieutenant Gov- 
ernor Col. W. S. Dungan; Hon. Chas. Aldrich, Curator Historical Depart- 
ment; Hon. M. D. O'Connell, Solicitor United States Treasury; Hon. Jas. 
O. Crosby, president Iowa Columbian Commission; Hon. N. E. Coffin, Des 
Moines; Hon. C. C. Nourse, orator Iowa Day, Centennial Exposition, 1876; 
Mr. C. E. Rawson, Des Moines; Representative J. P. Cruikshank, Fort 
Madison; Dr. L. F. Summers, Milton; Hon. Robert Spence, Mt Ayr; Hon. 
F. W. Lehmann, St. Louis; Mr. C. H. Huttig, St. Louis; Mr. James Hager- 
man, St. Louis; Dr. WJ McGee, St. Louis; Hon. W. H. Norris, Manchester; 
Hon. E. E. Mack, Storm Lake; Hon. J. L. Carney, Marshalltown; A. V. 
Proudfoot, Indianola; M. M. McFarlin, Des Moines; C. L. Roberts, Grin- 
nell; C. R. Wooden, Centerville; C. A. McCune, Des Moines; W. B. Keffer, 
Des Moines; Dr. I. N. Busby, Brooklyn; Hon. C. A. Wise, Cedar Falls; 
Hon. Fred Townsend, Albia; Luther A. Brewer, Cedar Rapids, and ladies. 

In addition to the Iowa Day reception, a reception was given by the 
Board of Lady Managers to foreign commissioners, also a reception at the 
Missouri Building for the D. A. R.s, reception at the New York State 
Building and the formal opening of the Boer War. 



IOWA CELEBRATES HER DAY. 

(From the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, June 18, 1904.) 

Friday's supernal breezes did not arrive in time for Iowa's celebration 
of her presence at the greatest world's fair of the age, and the dedication 
was done in a sweltering temperature that tried the patience of lowans. 
They crowded into the immense parlors of the Iowa Building and filled 
what the time-tried and unterrified country editor calls "every available 

*Carl E. Tefft, of New York, who executed the statue for the Colon- 
nade of States repiesent)'ng Iowa, has been the subject of much praise. 
In this statue Iowa is typified by a seated female figure. One arm is ex- 
tended and veatv, on a scythe blade, the other arm is holding a sheaf of 
wheat. The leading idea in the figure is youth, and the freshness and 
vigor charactej'istic of a people such as those of the commonwealth of 
Iowa, a young state, whose agricultural and other resources still remain 
to be fully developed. The strength and vigor inherent in the people of 
Iowa are well typifie*' in this beautiful piece of sculpture. 

Mr. Tefft was born m 1874 in Brewer, Me. He obtained his art edu- 
cation in New Vork Oily anc' worked in the studio of F. W. Ruckstuhl. He 
has executed vaiious portrait busts and ideal figures, and was represent- 
ed in the sculpture for the Pan-American Exposition by the figure for the 
electric tower entitled Lake Superior. 



328 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

space;" and some hundreds got into unavailable space on the outside; that 
is to say, unavailable for any purpose of seeing or hearing. A state dedi- 
cation resembles a plantation wedding down south, where the kinfolks 
come from all the surounding counties, and in the south kinfolks means 
enough people to stock a good-sized town. At a southern wedding the kin- 
folks fill the gallery — what we call the verandah — and they swarm in the 
"pahloh" and the settin' room, and help in the kitchen; and. the men con- 
gregate under the trees in the yard, talk about bosses, indulging in the 
weed, and the whole thing is an immense affair as important as the session 
of the "county co't." This is what the Iowa Building looked like from the 
outside. Inside speeches were going on. President Francis tickled the 
lowans by telling them that one reason he liked them was because 52,000 
of them had emigrated to Missouri tO' live, and that although they had to 
go to Pennsylvania for their Governor, he was a man who would have been 
Governor, no matter what state he lived in, so they couldn't help them- 
selves. This made the lowans laugh and applaud, and President Francis 
followed this with the statement that 99^ per cent of the children of 
school age in Iowa can read, which excels the record of any other state, 
and that she was the first state to give the world's fair encouragement. 
All of which made everybody swell up with pride and clap their hands 
with vigor. 



Celebration of Fourth of July 

Exercises at the Iowa State Building, under the direction of a joint 
committee of exposition officials and executive commissioners' association, 
were held on July 4 as follows: 

9:30 a. m. — Organ recital by Mason Slade, of Des Moines; medley of 
national airs; War March of the Priests, Mendelssohn; Festal March, Cal- 
kin; Home, Sweet Home, Varied, Dudley Buck; concert variations The 
Star-Spangled Banner, Buck. 

11:30 a. m. — Organ recital. 

12:00 m. — Patriotic ceremonies, assembly room, preceded by concert 
by Weil's Band; chairman of the day, Hon. James H. Trewin, of Cedar 
Rapids, Iowa; reading of the Declaration of Independence by Mr. N. Gra- 
ham Thwaites, of London, England; address by Hon. Chas. A. Beeman, 
of Washington, D. C; original poem, "The Pioneers," Geo. F. Rinehart, 
Newton; address. President David R. Francis; solo, Mr. L. H. Peck, St. 
Louis. 

3:00 p. m. — Piano recital of original music by Mr. Frank Nagel, of 
Highland Park College of Music, Des Moines, assisted by Mrs. Nagel, so- 
prano. 

4:30 p. m. — Organ recital by Mr. H. Dyer Jackson, of the Conservatory 
of Music, Quincy, Illinois. 



CELEBRATION OF FOURTH OF JULY. 



329 




COMR. JAMES H. TREWIN, Cedar Rapids 



The National Day 

By request of the exposition 
management and the executive 
commissioners' association, cere- 
monies commemorating the Fourth 
of July were held at the Iowa 
Building, this being one of three 
events of the day designated by 
the exposition management. 

President Larrabee introduced 
Commissioner James H. Trewin, 
who had been selected as presi- 
dent of the day. The program was 
necessarily changed on account of 
a severe rain, which prevented 
the attendance of Mayor Patrick 
A. Collins, of Boston; United 
States Senator Newlands, of Ne- 
vada, and Governor Ferguson of 



Oklahoma, who had been assigned by President Francis to make addresses 
at the Iowa Building. 

Declaration of Independence and the English. 
The most unique feature of the day was the reading of the Declara- 
tion of Independence by Mr. N. Graham Thwaites, of London, England, 
whom Chairman Trewin introduced as a loyal subject of King Edward. 
Mr. Thwaites is a journalist; served in the English army during the Boer 
War, and came to America during the time of the world's fair to study 
American newspapers. He was assigned to 
special work for the "New York World" and 
"St. Louis Post Dispatch." While Mr. 
Thwaites was given a copy of the Iowa Of- 
ficial Register from which to read the Dec- 
laration of Independence, he seldom re- 
ferred tO' its pages. He had memorized 
the document when a boy in England, and 
surprised his hearers by making the read- 
ing in the form of a declamation. 

"The modern British view of the Decla- 
ration of Independence," said Mr. Thwaite, 
"is not what you might suppose. King 
George's quarrel with his American colo- 
nists, unpopular even in that day among 
thousands of British loyalists on both sides 
of the water, is now regarded by thinking 
Englishmen as a piece of monumental royal folly, and the Declaration of 
Independence is felt to be the first national expression of what have be- 
come the twin principles of Anglo-Saxon government, the principles of 'no 
taxation without representation,' and 'government of the people, by the 
people, for the people,' as enunciated by Lincoln at Gettysburg in axiom- 
atic form. 

"The Declaration of Independence takes rank with the Magna Charta 




N. GRAHAM THWAITES, 
London, England. 



330 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



in the mind of modern England, eacli forming a foundation stone in the 
mighty structure of representative government. 

"The restrained and gentle phraseology in which the Declaration is 
couched, combined with the solemn dignity of its terms, has never been 
equaled in any document drawn up by a young nation intent upon its 
rights. The ideals therein set forth may serve every nation under heaven 
as a guide to true government, and it behooves the English-speaking race 
to live up to those great expressions, particularly at this time, when new 
issues are obscuring the vision of statesmen. Every schoolboy should be 
familiarized with Lincoln's Gettysburg speech and the great Declaration. 
I learned the former by heart at the age of ten, and the latter is, I venture 
to say, as familiar to the British public schoolboy as it is to the American 
youth. 

"It affords me great pleasure and gratification to be able to demon- 
strate that a loyal sub.iect of King Edward (God save him) can celebrate 
the Fourth of July with as much enthusiasm and sincerity as any citizen 
of the great republic." 

After an address on "The Day We Celebrate," by Hon. Charles A. 
Beeman, of Washington, D. C, Mr. George F. Rinehart, editor of the New- 
ton Herald, read the following original poem: 

THE PIONEERS. 
(By Geo. F. Rinehart.) 

We all love best the man who dares to do — 
The moral hero, stalwart through and through, 
Who treads the untried path, evades the rut; 
Who braves the virgin forest, builds a hut. 
Removes the tares encumbering the soil. 
And founds an empire based on thought and toil. 




GEORGE E. RINEHART, Newton, 
Poet Fourth of July. 



Within his veins the blood of humble 

birth, 
His purpose stable as the rock-bound 

earth; 
His mind expansive and his pulsing 

brain 
Resolving problems not of selfish 

gain — 
This man will never, sei'vile. bCiid 

his knees* 
He feels the uplift of the centuries. 

Ijeviathans for him forsake the main 
And monsters leave the forest and 

the plain; 
The future holds no terrors for his 

soul; 
No avarice collects its robber toll; 
No social caste, no party, creed or 

clan 
To make him more a slave nOr less 
a man. 



CELEBRATION OF FOURTH OF JULY. 331 

With wants but few, no Pioneer will crave 
A crown in life nor plaudits at his grave; 
He leaves behind the slavery of style, 
The myrmidons of pride, deceit and guile, 
Enlisting with the cohorts of the free. 
The motto on his shield is "Liberty," 

What cares he for the monarch's jeweled crown. 
For prince or plutocrat, for fame's renown, 
The turmoil and the strife of endless greed. 
When honest toil supplies each simple need? 
He seeks not glory, yet the future years 
Weave brightest laurels for the Pioneers. 

Thus we have met in this fair spot today 
To honor those, as well, indeed, we may, 
Who, thinking deep, conceived God's mighty plan 
And carved the creed of Liberty for man; 
Who made of Bunker Hill a spot divine. 
And built at Valley Forge a nation's shrine. 

For emblem of that liberty so wide. 

So vast that with Eternity it vied. 

They snatched the blue of heaven for the scroll 

And sprinkled it with stars to mark the goal, 

Where we might, far beyond the crest and crag, 

In Liberty and Justice plant that flag. 

We venerate in patriotic pride 
The sacred cause for which these martyrs died; 
And feeling thus, you will with me agree 
That much of what we are, what we may -be, 
We owe to those who wrought for future years 
And earned my toast, "God bless the Pioneers." 

Chairman Trewin introduced the Hon. David R. Francis, who, he said, 
liad served the people at St. Louis as their Mayor, the state of Missouri as 
its Governor, the United States as a member of the Cabinet, and now the 
earth as the president of the greatest exposition the world has ever 
known. 

President Francis speaks: 

"Mr. Chairman and Fellow Citizens: What a glorious occasion is this 
Fourth of July, 1904! Here in this beautiful building provided for the 
world's fair we always find the right kind of patriotism. Here there is 
always something doing. If this grand state of Iowa has failed in any 
single instance in performing her duty, my attention has not been called 
to it. Always loyal to her state, country and her God, she stands out as 
a shining example of what a prairie state with fertile soil, natural advan- 
tages, and a school system second to none, can do to better the world. 

"Iowa's influence at this great exposition is world-wide. When we 
were looking for a place in which to hold one of the events of today, in 



332 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

celebration of this national holiday, we naturally turned to this building, 
considering well the matter of location and capacity. We knew if the day 
was propitious, an outdoor ceremony could be held, the addreses being 
made from the verandas; should it rain, the assembly room, so generous 
in its proportions, could be utilized, and in either event we could depend 
upon the inspiration which always comes from the pipe organ. It was not 
a surprise to me when I was informed that already Iowa had planned on 
a like celebration. This was most generously waived and you most loyally 
combined with the exposition officials and executive commissioners' asso- 
ciation in this joint celebration. 

"I am certainly inspired when I recognize before me representatives 
from Mississippi, Arkansas, Kansas, Indiana, Missouri, Texas, Louisiana, 
Ohio, Minnesota, Massachusetts, Oklahoma, West Virginia, Montana, Ne- 
vada, Utah, Indian Territory, Arizona, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, New 
Jersey, Rhode Island, Michigan, Kentucky, Georgia, Virginia, New York, 
Tennessee, Maine, Oregon, Maryland, Wisconsin, England, Germany, and 
I have no doubt there are people here from many other states and na- 
tions — all uniting in these ceremonies celebrating this glorious day. 

"It is gratifying to me to see, in spite of what might have been past 
differences, that this exposition is the agency which is tearing down the 
old barriers, destroying sectional lines and in place is cementing friend- 
ships which should never have been strained. 

"We are here today on common ground, commemorating our nation's 
birth. It is certainly an inspiration. Patriotism is stronger than prejudice 
and has won out. 

"I thank you all for coming here today. I want to thank the executive 
commissioners, always so generous in their support of the exposition, for 
assisting in making this Fourth of July a red-letter day in exposition his- 
tory. 

"Governor Larrabee, I want to thank you and Senator Trewin, and 
your Commission, for the favors of today and the constant favors which 
have been shown since the exposition was first though of." 

The Iowa Building had many visitors during the day, and many of the 
delegates from all over the country who were in attendance at the Na- 
tional Deipocratic Convention, called at the building to pay their respects. 



OTHER EVENTS. 

An immense audience assembled at Festival Hall, where addresses 
were made by Hon. Wm. Jennings Bryan of Nebraska and Hon. Lafe 
Young of Iowa. 

An address was delivered at the Missouri Building by Governor Dock- 
ery, at the Liberty Bell in the Pennsylvania Building by Colonel J. H. 
Lambert of Pennsylvania, at the Illinois Building by Governor Pardee of 
California, at the Virginia Building by ex-Governor Patterson of Pennsyl- 
vania. Ceremonies were also held at the Temple of Fraternity. 

The military parade which passed through the grounds consisted of all 
the military and semi-military organizations on the grounds, together with 
the United States Army troops at Jefferson Barracks, Every building 
along the line of march and within the grounds was elaborately decorated 
for the occasion. 



AMERICAN BOY DAY. 333 



American Boy Day 



The Exposition Company set aside 
Tuesday, July 5th, as American Boy Day. 
About 3,000 boys of America and from all 
lands congregated in Festival Hall and 
were addressed by boy orators and poets, 
several being from foreign lands. Short 
talks were made by leading men in the 
movement to inspire patriotism in the 

hearts of the youths of America. President 

I ^^HP^y ^^^^F Roosevelt sent a personal letter which was 

f ^^^^L ^^^ ^^^m read. An adjourned meeting was held in 

^^^^^n^jBjl ^^^^ the Pennsylvania Building, at the Liberty 

^^^^P^^ ^^r ^^11- ^ prize was offered of $25 by the 

^^^w ^^ editor of the "American Boy," Detroit, 

AUGUS M. BERRY. Logan. Mich., for the best American Boy Day 
poem, and among 400 contestants Angus M. Berry of Logan, Iowa, won. He 
was seventeen years old at the time. His father, Mr. John A. Berry, was 
one of the first lawyers to locate in Harrison County, Iowa, coming from 
Maryland in 1876. Angus has opened a real estate office in Logan, and 
conducts it in his own name. He has since won first prize at the Portland 
Exposition in a similar contest for the best American Boj^ prize poem. 
AMERICAN BOY DAY PRIZE POEM. 
(By Angus M. Berry.) 

When morning breaks across the hills. 

When stars of silver fade and die. 
When joyous songsters fling refrains 

Up to the smiling azure sky; 
When spring breaks through her icy chains 

And scatters blossoms o'er the lea, 
When all is pure and bright and fair. 

Our country's boys, we think of thee! 
A coming man! Undaunted, brave; 

He stands before your searching gaze; 
Keen-eyed, athletic, kind and true. 

And sterling in an hundred ways. 
Strong in his zeal to stand for right. 

Too noble to abide the wrong; 
Faithful and earnest, thoughtful, too. 

But ready for a jest or song. 
Come, gather round, I'll tell you how 

The passing seasons bring him joys; 
It seems that all the year was made 

Expressly for the good of boys. 
Springtime — does not that word recall 

Long rambles in the forest land? 
Great hunting trips and swimming holes. 

And sports that train both mind and hand? 



334 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

It is a sultry summer day — 

Around me gleam the waters blue — 
The sail is set; the bounding keel 

In gladness cuts the surges through. 
Oh, summer day, on summer seas, 

Your joys forever will be mine 
As long as mem'ry's halo glows, 

Or fancy pours her magic wine. 

A bright October day has come. 

The youthful throng goes mad with glee. 
A football circles through the air — 

The sports begun. Look! look! You'll see 
A gallant fight of blue and gold 

Against the men in red and green. 
Hurrah! hurrah! The vict'ry's won! 

Was such excitement ever seen? 

The scene has changed; the gleaming hills 

Are clad in virgin snow. 
Up, up we climb, and haul our sleds, 

Beneath the moonlight's silver glow. 
Get on; hold tight; we're off! Hurrah! 

Down, down we go at lightning speed. 
On winter nights like these 'tis joy 

To ride on such a gallant steed. 

Sometimes in roseate dreams I see 

Beyond the skyline's narrow rim, 
Where templed domes and spires rise 

That point tO' far-off regions dim, 
I see the dawn. Its gilded haze 

Floods, flames and flushes into fire— 
The daybreak of a golden day 

Hangs o'er the City of Desire! 

; In those inviting ways of gold 

Are pomp and pride of vanished years. 
I see an arch triumphal stand 

For vict'ries born in hopes and tears. 
A flood of fancy bears me on; 

The glowing day in grandeur lies. 
But half removed from common clay. 

And half exalted to the skies. 

When nighttime comes the dream is done — 

All, all the world has sunk to rest; 
The stars come out to gem the skies. 

And e'en the sunset leaves the west. 
The changing hours have come and gone, 

With all their toil and pain and joy. 
Look down, oh, heavenly hosts, and bless 

The fortunes of each sleeping boy. 



IOWA CITIES' DAY. 335 

Oh, God, we ask that, day by day, 

Our hearts may beat more near to Thee. 
May heaven grant that right may rule 

Where somber evil now^ may be. 
And when the coming years have fled, 

And twilight shadows darkly fall, 
Bring riches, honor, fame — but. Lord, 

Bring virtue more than all. 



Iowa Cities' Day 

Saturday, October 15, was set apart as Iowa Cities' Day. During the 
week excursions had come from all parts of Iowa, bringing thousands of 
visitors to the exposition, the registration at the Iowa State Building be- 
ing 4,854 for the week. At a meeting of the Mayors held at the Iowa 
Building, Thursday, October 13, an Iowa Cities' Day program was agreed 
upon, to be held at the Iowa Building on the following Saturday. In ac- 
cordance with this desire the building was decorated and provisions made 
for a proper observance of the occasion. 

Exposition officials who were desirous that Iowa Week be exploited 
for the purpose of swelling the attendance, volunteered to furnish a band 
to provide concerts daily at the Iowa Building during this week, and also 
to assign at least two' of the celebrated organists secured for Festival Hall 
to the Iowa Building for organ recitals, which promises, like many more 
of a similar character, were never carried out. Iowa, however, was not 
dependent upon the Exposition Company for these favors, and tried to be 
in readiness for any emergency to carry out promises made for Iowa by 
the exposition management. 

President Larrabee presided at the meeting and addresses were made 
by many prominent lowans, among whom were Col. Albert W. Swalm, of 
Oskaloosa, United States Consul to Southampton, England, and Mrs. 
Swalm; also by Hon. J. B. Harsh, of Creston; Hon. Samuel H. Harper, of 
Ottumwa; Mr. Frederick W. Taylor, a former lowan, chief of the depart- 
ments of agriculture and horticulture of the exposition, and President 
Francis. 

Music was provided by Mason Slade at the organ, with vocal solos and 
duets by Mr. and Mrs. C. M. Keeler, former lowans, now of Minneapolis, 
Minnesota. Capt. Lot Abraham, of Mount Pleasant, gave several stirring 
old war songs, being accompanied by Mrs. Larrabee at the piano, 

COL. AND MRS. ALBERT W. SWALM. 

Colonel and Mrs. Swalm were warmly received and expressed their 
delight at being among natives, for since their work had taken them 
abroad, they had been looked upon as foreigners. They were pleased with 
the representation made by the state at this great exposition, as Iowa is 
always first in everything pertaining to civilization. 

SENATOR HARSH. 

Senator Harsh spoke of Iowa's advantages from an industrial stand- 
point, and expressed the satisfaction he felt in the advanced steps taken 



336 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

by the Commission in exploiting the opportunities of the state for the 
building up of factories and manufacturing industries. He closed his re- 
marks by saying that as a state we make the mistake of sending away 
from home for many things. Why not keep our money at home ? We have 
the coal, we have the market, and we ought to be as wise as some of the 
other states, whose people have pushed forward in just these lines, with- 
out the possibilities which are ours, and with poorer surroundings and 
markets. 

SENATOR HARPER. 

Senator Harper referred to Iowa as a loyal state at all times. The 
sentiments of her people are always in line with progress. A state or na- 
tion cannot go forward unless loyalty is the chief characteristic of its 
people. Although Iowa has ever taken her place in the forefront in times 
of war, it did not take war to keep the hearts of her people loyal. He was 
surprised and pleased at the magnitude of Iowa's showing at this exposi- 
tion and proud of the recognition received by the state. 

PRESIDENT LARRABEE. 

President Larrabee said: "I am glad to hear from these representa- 
tives of the people of Iowa in approval of the place Iowa has taken at the 
exposition. I have heard many times that Iowa's share in this world's 
fair was of great magnitude, and have been told by the exposition manage- 
ment that Iowa is running the United States government, and that this 
exposition could not have been brought intO' being and maintained had it 
not been for the Iowa government at Washington. I have also been told 
that Iowa representation from the start has been so active and energetic 
as to set the pace for other states; also that Iowa has had more to do 
with the fair than the people of the state of Missouri. I want to say, how- 
ever, that in spite of these obligations, and all the promises made, that 
the awards given to the state of Iowa will be earned on their merit. We 
expect only what we can earn. While Iowa may be able to manage the gov- 
ernment, it is not so important as one might suppose. We were informed 
that jurors would be selected because of their special fitness, and not like 
the Jefferson Guards, because of political favors. In fact, we were in- 
formed that pulls of any kind in these selections would not be counte- 
nanced. Therefore, in their assignment of the 1,200 jurors, the foreigners 
were allotted some 600. This left some 600 odd to be selected according 
to merit among the states and territories. Missouri merited 150 and Iowa 
five. From some things I have seen in the papers, I did not realize that 
Missouri's intelligence and ability to judge was so strong as this ratio 
would indicate." 

CHIEF FREDERIC W. TAYLOR. 

Mr. Frederic W. Taylor, chief of the departments of agriculture and 
horticulture of the exposition, said that, as a former Iowa man, he did not 
believe this proportion was hardly fair. "I can say, however, that if Iowa 
has five jurors, these five were selected by myself, and if you look over 
the list you will see they are in my departments. I have never lost my 
love for the great state of Iowa. I wanted Iowa well represented here 
because of that love. I may have been somewhat insistent on spending the 



IOWA CITIES' DAY. 337 

lion's share of your appropriation in agriculture and horticulture, but then, 
why not? Has not Iowa excelled in these branches of industry? 

"Of course you need factories. These all help the agricultural classes 
by bringing a closer market for their products, and on the other hand 
brings the farmer his supplies within easy reach. I am proud of the show- 
ing your state has made. The time for permanently closing up the depart- 
ment of agriculture and horticulture of the great St. Louis Universal Ex- 
position having almost come, I should feel it a duty, as I deem it a pleas- 
ure, to express to yourself. Governor Larrabee, and to the secretary per- 
sonally, and through you to your Commission, the hearty appreciation I 
have for the thoroughly satisfactory and helpful way in which you have 
supported my departments and in no small way assisted in bringing about 
the results which should, I believe, be eminently satisfactory to all of us. 
No one appreciates more than myself the utter impossibility of any sat- 
isfactory results being attained by this department without the generous 
support which has been given it by those states wh'ich have labored so 
earnestly and so successfully in doing their respective parts. 

"I trust that it may be my pleasure to meet you and your associates 
often in the future, and I desire that you take with you my very best 
wishes for your success in whatever you may in the future undertake." 



PRESIDENT FRANCIS. 

At this point President Francis arrived at the building, and, being 
given a hearty ovation as he mounted the platform, was introduced by 
President Larrabee, and was asked to close the Iowa Cities ceremonies. 

"Mr. President, Mayors of Cities of Iowa, Representatives and Friends: 
If you want a life a little more strenuous than being Mayor of a city, just 
try running an exposition. I really feel that I owe you an apology for not 
reaching here sooner, so as to hear the excellent addresses which have 
preceded me. I thought early in the season that Iowa's crop of orators 
would be exhausted before the closing of the fair, but I find on each oc- 
casion a new field, fresher, it seems to me, than ever. I would not charge 
a mushroom growth — Iowa never has things of that character. There is 
a- permanency and finish about everything that Iowa does which makes it, 
instead of the new country which it is, a state of sturdy characters and 
a policy in all things as solid as Gibraltar — ^^that seems to be the Towa 
idea.' I suppose that when election day rolls around next month that the 
state will be as positive as it always has been. So many lowans have 
come to Missouri that I am really apprehensive of the result. 

"But, speaking of a strenuous life, I have just come from the Kansas 
City ceremonies and have celebrated with them. Previous to that I at- 
tended a meeting of the board of directors of the exposition. I expect to 
follow this with an address at Festival Hall at the great Guilmant's thir- 
tieth recital, and then open a football game between our Columbian Uni- 
versity team and the University of the South. What shall I do when this 
World's Fair closes I do not know. So accustomed have I become to this 
strenuous life that I fear I will hardly know what to do with myself. I 
would be derelict in my duty did I fail to come to Iowa for this occasion. 
Your week here has been very satisfactory. While your people have been 



338 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

coming all the season in large numbers, there have been more the past 
week than ever before. 

"I came here simply to pay my respects and to express my apprecia- 
tion to the Mayors of Iowa cities and to your people generally for your 
co-operation in bringing about so successful a week as this has been. 
Iowa's prominence at this exposition has been second to no state or na- 
tion, and I thank you for it." (See Iowa at the World's Fair.) 



Thanksgiving Day 



Owing to the request of the exposition officials for a union of all com- 
missions on the grounds in a service at Festival Hall, observing Thanks- 
giving Day, no formal ceremonies were held at the Iowa Building. 

The organ recitals at 9:30 a. m. and 4:30 p. m. were devoted by Mason 
Slade to Thanksgiving Day selections. 

At noon the Commissioners and families, the members of the woman's 
auxiliary, members of the Board of Control, and the employes at the Iowa 
State Building were guests of President and Mrs. Larrabee at dinner; the 
Kansas Commission and hostess were guests of honor. A number of 
after-dinner toasts were responded to. 

Commissioner Carruthers spoke of our good neighbors, the Kansas 
Commission, who had shown to Iowa so many courtesies, at all times of 
need lending a helping hand, from the construction period to the close of 
the fair. Kansas has been as close a friend in heart as she has been in 
location. This occasion proved to be a happy termination of the social 
life of the past few months, where harmony has reigned absolutely. When 
it is considered that these same neighbors were made up of the official 
representatives of practically every state in the Union, in close fellow- 
ship in an extra hazardous manner of world's fair representation, where 
the sharpest competition and rivalry is brought into play, not only in the 
various departments but in the social life as well, it is a remarkable fact 
that not a jar has occurred among the states. Kansas and Iowa had, per- 
haps, more in common than the other states. 

Mrs. Noble Prentis, hostess of the Kansas Building, who responded, 
said that it was a delightful thought of Governor and Mrs. Larrabee to 
bring together on this wonderful Thanksgiving Day this large family of 
world's fair sojourners. It was just such acts as these which had given 
the Iowa Building a standing at the exposition of which any state or na- 
tion might be proud. 

Iowa was always first, she said, to do the right thing at the right time. 
She expressed her appreciation of the kind remarks concerning Kansas, 
which state had tried to fill creditably the place assigned to her in this 
great fair. When Kansas Day came and it was an impossibility to carry 
out the functions planned at the Kansas Building, because of the magni- 
tude of the attendance from the state, it was Iowa which came to the re- 
lief, providing room for what proved to be the greatest day Kansas ever 
had at an exposition. Iowa opened her doors to Kansas, and it was the 
wish of the representatives of that state that lowans have the assurance 



THANKSGIVING DAY OBSERVED. 



339 




of their appreciation of all such favors. She said she was not surprised 
that every lowan in Kansas was proud of his native state. 

"We have heard Iowa's praises sung every day of the fair in our own 
building, and, instead of creating a feeling of rivalry on our part, it has 
only proven an inspiration. We shall leave the fair with pleasant recol- 
lections of the family at the Iowa Building." 

Mrs. Henry J. Howe of the woman's auxiliary committee of the Iowa 
Commission, said: 

"I count it indeed a privilege to 
be a guest at this dinner and to lend 
my heart in thanksgiving on this 
day, set apart by a Christian nation 
for such purpose. We have so many 
things to be thankful for as a na- 
tion, and as a state. The Lord has 
been kind to us as a people. The 
state which has been represented at 
this great world's fair has much for 
which to render thanks. Governor 
and Mrs. Larrabee, in bringing us 
together today in such a happy man- 
ner, have but placed us under re- 
newed obligations. Coming so close 
to the end of the fair, it brings with 
it a feeling of regret that so soon we 
must all be separated, these magnifi- 
cent buildings demolished, and all 
trace of what has been the greatest 
exposition in the history of the 
world, entirely obliterated. It has 
been a great pleasure to be associated with people of such noble impulses. 
This brings to me the recollection of the good old New England dinners 
of years ago, when such occasions were looked forward to with anticipated 
pleasure and thankfulness, tempered with the pang of sadness which must 
come as the absent faces are noted about the festive board, or the parting 
of friends soon to leave for the great west, for at that time we feared this 
Louisiana Purchase teritory would depopulate New England. 

"And so it is with the same spirit that we assemble today, and our 
hearts are tuned to the ever expressive music of 'God be with us 'till we 
meet again.' " 

Mr. Charles Sessions, superintendent of the Iowa educational exhibit, 
spoke for the young people of the fair. He said: 

"This has been an experience for the young people, and although their 
scrutiny of the panorama before them may have seemed but cursory, I 
feel sure the benefits derived will be seen for years to come. It has been 
an education to every one of us, in fact a real university dispensing knowl- 
edge in every branch. Every young man or young woman who has had 
this great opportunity should indeed have a thankful heart on this Thanks 
giving Day. On behalf of the young people who are here with me today. 



*MRS. HENRY J. HOWE, Marshalltown, 
Vice-Chairman Auxiliary Comniiltee. 




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THANKSGIVING DAY OBSERVED. 



341 



I take this opportunity to express their thanks to Governor and Mrs. Lar- 
rabee for the many favors which we have received from their hands, and 
to the Iowa Commission for their generous treatment of all connected with 
the Iowa Building and exhibits." 



PRIZE PACKAGES. 

Hon. John Cownie of the Board of Control of State Institutions, who 
was asked to respond to the toast, "Our Prize Package, the Iowa State 
Building, and Other State Institutions," said: 

"It is a pleasure to me to be 
here today and to be at work with 
Governor Larrabee in taking over 
the property of the state. During 
the years of experience with him on 
the Board of Control, I found a man 
whose highest ambition as a public 
official has always been to give the 
taxpayers of the state conscientious 
service. No man in Iowa has served 
our people better; no man has been 
more fearless of any influence what- 
ever in discharging a public duty. 
To be right has been his principle 
in his public and private transac- 
tions. As legislator, Governor, mem- 
ber of the Board of Control, presi- 
dent of the Iowa Commission, and in 
other public trusts he has always 
insisted on and defended the right, 
regardless of public opinion or con- 
sequences. 
"So to me it has been one of the greatest honors of my life to be asso- 
ciated with him in a work that called for the highest ability and integrity. 
"Like every other work in his life, the Iowa Building, in which he has 
taken such an interest, has been built and maintained on that high order 
of excellence in keeping with economj^ and yet filling every requirement 
of the purpose for which it was constructed. 

"The Board has indeed drawn a prize package, and I only wish it were 
larger, and that where one piece of furniture now exists there were a 
dozen pieces. I can already see the pleasure and satisfaction which will 
come to the superintendents and assistants as well as the inmates of our 
state institutions when these pieces of furniture from the Iowa Building 
are received. Iowa has been liberal with her state institutions, but on ac- 
count of their rapidly increasing wants, furniture and fixtures, because of 
the necessity for economy, must necessarily be plain, and this windfall 
will prove of lasting benefit, since it is all as good as the day it was placed 
in the building. 

"The building, too, we can use. The Iowa Commission had in mind 
our needs when this fine structure was built, and while we cannot remove 




JOHN COWNIE, 
Board of Control. 



342 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

it entire to o ur state, the doors, windows and lumber can all be used 
with profit to the state. Aside from the temporary staff and plaster work, 
every particle of the building can be utilized at our state instituions. 

"The state of Iowa is justly proud of the work of your Commission, 
Governor Larrabee, and feel that the business of the Commission has been 
transacted wiser and better than was reasonably to be expected. Your 
hospitality is known throughout the nation, and yet with it all has been 
that genuine Iowa hospitality without extravagance, 

"I thank you for the privilege of being here today and joining with 
with you on this occasion." 



PRESIDENT LARRABEE RESPONDS. 

President Larrabee, in responding, said: 

"When we arranged for this little dinner, we did it that Thanksgiving 
Day should not pass without the usual family function. It is always our 
desire when we entertain to do it right, and as it should be done. In this 
particular instance, however, the secretary of the Commission, who had, 
in addition to his other duties, the special work of arrangement of the cer- 
emonies, has, unbeknown to me, taken this affair completely out of my 
hands, and seems now to be running it himself. In the absence of a quo- 
rum of the Commission to bring the secretary up for insubordination, I am 
obliged to submit. 

"I feel, however, that the speakers have taken an undue advantage of 
me at my own table in expressing themselves as they have. I appreciate 
the spirit which prompted the complimentary remarks, but feel that they 
are undeserved. I have only tried to do my plain duty. When associated 
with such men as the Board of Control — made up of the highest type of 
American citizenship — the performance of public duty is a pleasure. Like- 
wise the work with the Iowa Commission, the membership feeling the high- 
est sense of public responsibility. 

"It is a pleasure to have gathered about this table such a happy fam- 
ily, and to include in this family our kind Kansas friends. Our only re- 
gret is that it is an impossibility to have had you in our own home on 
this occasion. While we are world's fair sojourners, we must do as world's 
fair people do. 

"On behalf of Mrs. Larrabee and myself, I extend to each of you an 
invitation to be our guests on next Thanksgiving Day in Iowa." 

As a souvenir of the occasion. President Larrabee was presented with 
the badge of the Executive Commissioners' Association, the world's fair 
organization of state and foreign commissioners, of which he had been 
elected vice president, and Mrs. Larrabee was presented with a Japanese 
lorgnette. 



Sunday Sacred Concerts 

Beginning on the second day of the exposition, Sunday, May 1, and 
continuing every Sabbath until the close of the fair without interruption for 
thirty-one consecutive Sundays, a song service was conducted in the Iowa 
Building. It was started not as a reformatory measure, but because there 



SUNDAY SACRED CONCERTS. 



34: 




L. H. PECK, St. Louis. 
Chorister. 



seemed to be a place for just such a func- 
tion. Naturally, the pipe organ which ex- 
Governor and Mrs. Larrabee had provided 
for the entertainment of Iowa's guests, at- 
tracted a large number of visitors. The 
gates being closed on Sunday, the exposi- 
tion population residing in the state build- 
ings came to the Iowa Building on the first 
Sunday to hear the organ and the birds. 
When the old familiar hymns were played, 
everybody sang. The question was asked 
why it was not made a regular service on 
Sunday. The downtown churches were in- 
convenient to those living on the grounds, 
and such a song service would be welcomed. 
During the two terms as Governor which 
were served by President Larrabee, a sacred 
concert was conducted each Sunday afternoon by Mrs. Larrabee in the 
capitol building. It was not only popular, but inspiring. 

The Iowa Building being the only state building with a pipe organ, it 
was, naturally, on account of its arrangement and equipment, just the 
place for such a service, and was the only place on the grounds where reg- 
ular Sunday services were held. 

Sacred concerts were agreed upon and the expressions of thankfulness 
from the many people participating proved sufficient recompense for the 
work connected with such service. The exercises were simple in form, 
prompt in opening at 4:30 p. m. and closing at 5:30, informal in arrange- 
ment. An organ voluntary was played by Mason Slade, Mrs. Larrabee or 
Miss Larrabee, or some visiting organist. This was followed by several 
numbers from the Gospel Hymns, a solo, generally by Mr. L. H. Peck, of 
St. Louis, whose splendid tenor voice was heard every Sunday afternoon. 
Visiting vocalists from Iowa and oter states would assist in solos, 
duets or quartettes. Occasionally a short address would be given by such 
speakers as President and Mrs. Larrabee, Governor Cummins, Rev. Jesse 
Cole, Mrs. J. Ellen Foster, Hon. J. O, Crosby, Hon. John F. Lacey, Speaker 
George W. Clark, Hon. Stacy B. Rankin of Ohio, Col. A. H. Wincester of 
West Virginia, Mr. Claude C. Ball of Rhode Island, and Commissioners Wit- 
mer, Palmer, Trewin and Ericson. 

Hymns were sung, followed by other musical selections, always clos- 
ing with singing "America" and the rendition of the "Star-Spangled Ban- 
ner" on the organ as a recessional. 

These meetings, instead of being tedious and conventional, were rest- 
ful and in keeping with the day and its quiet surroundings. Sunday was 
the one day by act of Congress given to those charged with the exposition 
work for rest. Whether the act of Congress in closing the gates on the 
Sabbath was wise or unwise, it brought about a condition of practically 
closing the gates to those within. While occasional services were held at 
Festival Hall, the Inside Inn, and the little Mission Church, the services 



344 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



at the Iowa Building were the only ones regularly conducted every Sun- 
day. 

The closing services were held on Sunday, November 27, and the at- 
tendance was larger than at any time during the year, although the weath- 
er was disagreeable in the extreme. Before the close. President Larrabee 
and Commissione Palmer spoke of the pleasure it had afforded the Iowa 
Commission to have had the Iowa Building chosen for these meetings. 
They thanked the world's fair population for their presence on this and 
the preceding Sundays. Those who had contributed in time and talent to 
make these services so successful were thanked. Among the regular at- 
tendants was Col. A. H. Winchester, Executive Commissioner for West 
Virginia. He arose from his seat, and speaking for those who had partici- 
pated in these services, said that the thanks should not come from Iowa 
but to Iowa, which had provided these services. 



The Sunday Service 




Address of Col. A. H. Winchester, Executive Commissioner from West 

Virginia. 

I would feel derelict to m,y 
highest impulse should I let this 
occasion pass without in some 
measure expressing the gratitude I 
feel, and have felt, and shall ever 
feel to the state of Iowa and to her 
official household in this beautiful 
Iowa Building for the series of re- 
ligious song services held here each 
Sunday since the exposition opened, 
and for the influence it has had up- 
on the social and moral atmosphere 
of the Plateau of States upon which 
so many of us have had our dwell- 
ing place for the several months of 
exposition life now just closing. 
Each state here represented had its 
own peculiar field to occupy, its 
own mission to fulfill, and upon 
your state of Iowa devolved the 
task so successfully accomplished of taking this collection of detached 
domiciles of representatives of each separate state, and, through the uni- 
fying infiuence of this sweet service, cementing them into one common 
neighborhood, so effectually that upon the occasion of our parting we find 
'our prayers, our hopes, our fears, are one.' As we look back at the months 
we have been associated, we realize that of our sister states, Iowa "hath 
chosen the better part," and in this gathering of states has had in her 
keeping and has successfully carried into the forefront of the spirit of this 
great exposition the sacred Christian Sabbath, even as the children of the 
sons of Levi cared for the ark of the covenant of the Almighty God. As, 




COL. A. H. WINCHESTER, 

West Virginia Commissioner. 



MUSIC AT THE FAIR. 



345 



with full hearts and moist eyes, we look about this scene of transcendental 
loveliness, and realize that within the next few days it is all to be oblit- 
erated, we feel that if that beautiful sentiment ascribed in Scott's "Waver- 
ly" to Baron Borwarden, when, having been "out" for his prince, and meet- 
ing only disappointment and defeat, his followers scattered, his estates 
confiscated, and himself carried across the country into hiding, with a 
price upon his head, that "houses, families and men have stood long 
enough when they have stood until they can fall with honor." 

Be true, then; this glorious building of your grand state can be razed 
to the ground with as little to be regretted as any building that has ever 
been effaced, for truly, "it will fall with honor;" and upon you of her 
household it has devolved to keep ever in our minds such sentiments a? 
are inspired 

"Whenever a noble deed is wrought. 

Whenever is spoken a noble tLvjught, 

Our hearts in glad surprise 

To higher levels rise." 

And now, as we say our farewells, and sunder these ties which to us 
have become so dear, how forcibly are we reminded of the full pathos of 
the words: 

"We may build more costly habitations; 
We may fill our rooms with sculpture and with paintings, 
But we cannot buy with gold the old associations." 
And some of these associations, and those among our dearest, we are 
now, as we go out, severing. 



Music at the Fair 

Paper Read by Mrs. William Larrabee at the Sunday Service, on Novem- 
ber 6, 1904. 

It seems that music at the fair 
has been one of the special attrac- 
tions, for no art has received more 
attention. The entertainments 
among the most primitive peoples 
have had what to them is music, 
however discordant it may be to 
our ears. For people of more cul- 
tivated taste we have had the best 
that could be procured, and at 
many hours of the day could be 
heard the brilliant music of bands, 
some from our own beloved coun- 
try, playing familiar airs; the Ma- 
rine Band, which has so often 
played "Hail to the Chief," at our 
national capital; Sousa, who cap- 
tivated the people of Paris and 
other European cities with his 
"Stars and Stripes Forever;" 




MRS. WILLIAM LARRABEE, 
Clermont. 



316 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



bands from Mexico and from countries across the sea. All these have 
had crowds of listeners, as have the orchestras at various places; even at 
the Inside Inn the visitors have partaken of their repasts to music. We 
have had the great organ at Festival Hall, which has awakened sweet mel- 
ody, as only a pipe organ can when played by accomplished organists, and 
among these and foremost was Dr. Guilmant of Paris, who received at his 
farewell concert plaudits such as no artisan or painter has here received. 
At social functions the ladies have realized that only conversation would 
not suffice, so there have been social and instrumental recitals of rare 
merit, to most of which all have been welcome, as there have been few 
closed doors to these musical entertainments, and some of the state of the 
Louisiana Purchase have led in the number of recitals, indicating that the 
citizens of this portion of the Union are second to none in their love of 
the beautiful, for no art is more refining, elevating and beautiful than mu- 
sic. Its praises have long been sung, and sweet memories cling ^bout the 
melodies of home and country. The Iowa household has joined with its 
friends in raising the standard of music, and the pipe organ, which has 
contributed its share, will, we hope, at Christmas tide, gladden the hearts 
of five hundred boys at the Boys' Industrial School of Iowa, whose only 
present home is at that institution. 

We have enjoyed with you the Sunday afternoon services here; your 
presence and help have been an inspiration to us, for it has seemed fit- 
ting to spend an hour of the closing Sabbath day in sacred song, and when 
you return to your homes, after what is transient here has bcfn demol- 
ished, when only remembrance can come to us, will you remember with us 
the song service at the Iowa Building, and think, with Moore, 
"Let Fate do her worst; there are relics of joy. 
Bright dreams of the past, which she cannot destroy; 
Which come in the nighttime of sorrow and care 
And bring back the features that joy used to wear. 
Long, long be my heart with such memories filled, 
Like the vase in which roses have once been distilled. 
You may break, you may shatter the vase if you will, 
But the scent of the roses will hang 'round it still." 







PALACE OF LIBERAL ARTS. 



PRESIDENT'S AND CLOSING DAYS. 



347 



President's Day 



Saturday, November 26, 1904, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the 
United States, visited the exposition and in the one day made a strenuous 
yet thorough inspection of the grounds. He visited all of the exhibit build- 
ings, several foreign buildings, the 
Philippine reservation, and drove 
through the state section, past the 
Iowa Building, bowing and wav- 
ing his hat to guests on the veran- 
das, and to the sturdy old bronze 
warriors adorning the pedestals of 
the building. 

A reception was tendered the 
President in the large restaurant 
room of the Tyrolean Alps, to 
which had been invited the state 
and foreign commissioners, Gover- 
nors of states and other distin- 
guished guests. 

In his address upon this occa- 
sion, the President said: 

'1 have but one regret, and 
that is a deep regret — the regret 
that these buildings and these ex- 
hibits could not be made perma- 
nent; that these buildings cannot 
be maintained as they are for our 
children and our children's children 
and all who are to come after, as a permanent memorial of the greatness 
of this country. I think that an American who begrudges a dollar that 
has been spent here is not so far-sighted as he should be. It is a credit to 
the United States to have had such an exposition carried on so success- 
fully from the beginning to its conclusion." 

President Francis sent the following telegram: 

"St. Louis, November 27, 1904. 
"Hon. Albert B. Cummins, Governor of Iowa, Des Moines. 

"President Roosevelt's visit to exposition yesterday greatly enjoyed 
by himself and appreciated by exposition management and by the people 
who welcomed him in large numbers. He saw and admired the Iowa Build- 
ing and expressed great gratification at participation of your state. 

"FRANCIS, President." 




PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT. 



Closing Day 

The closing day of the exposition was as bright and pleasant as the 
opening day. Seven months had worked little damage to the building, and,, 
in their completed state, the palaces and grounds presented even a more 
brilliant appearance than upon the day when the President of the United 



348 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

States by an electric key, turned on the power which started the machin- 
ery into motion. The Governor of Missouri and the Mayor of St. Louis 
designated Thursday, December 1, as Francis Day, and urged all loyal 
citizens to refrain from their usual avocations to visit the fair and pav 
their respects to the president of the exposition. 

The attendance was satisfactory to the management. 

An address was delivered at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Mon- 
ument at 11:00 a. m. At midnight, in the presence of a large audience at 
the same place. President Francis thanked everyone who had helped to 
make the exposition a success. Then, approaching the electric switch, he 
raised both hands towards the great buildings, and said, * 

"Farewell, a long farewell, to all thy splendor." 

He touched the switch and the lights which had turned night into day 
were all extinguished, and the greatest exposition in all history had closed. 



AT THE SOWA BUILDING. 

At the Iowa Building the Executive Commissioners Association, com- 
prising the Commissioners of the several states, territories and foreign 
nations and their ladies, the hostesses of the several buildings and daugh- 
ters of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, had gathered, with their friends 
and families, for a farewell function, given in honor of Mr. Charles M. 
Reeves, chief of the department of domestic exploitation. As the time ap- 
proached midnight, Mrs. Larrabee seated herself at the magnificent pipe 
organ, which had proven such an inspiration during the seven months of 
the fair, and started the strains of America, in which all joined in heartily 
singing. Then, as the chimes of the German Building announced the hour 
of midnight, all joined in singing the Doxology as the lights were dimmed. 
Good-nights were said, the great organ pealed forth the notes of "Der 
Tannenbaum" ("My Maryland"), and as the guests passed from the build- 
ing the song was taken up and sung with spirit, applying the name of the 
particular home state or nation to which the singers belonged. 

The great exposition had closed. 



PRECAUTONARY MEASURES. 

The history of the closing hours of the exposition was such as to bring 
a feeling of anxiety among the Commissioners and exhibitors. It had been 
the practice of looters, assisted by thousands prompted by the carnival 
spirit, to make havoc of everything movable on the closing night. This 
spirit had reached the stage where property and life was of small value 
when the pleasure of the organized mob was in consideration. 

Understanding such perils the Executive Commissioners Association 
petitioned the exposition management to take precautionary steps to pre- 
vent a repetition of such depredations. After securing the consent of the 
exposition authorities the Mayor of St. Louis and the Governor of Mis- 
souri, a petition was sent to the President of the United States, asking 
that troops be sent to St. Louis to prevent destruction of propery. The 
President consented and instructed the War Department to act according 



EXECUTIVE COMMISSIONERS' ASSOCIATION. 



349 



ly. A regiment of the regular army was brought to the exposition grounds 
a few days in advance of the closing and kept on duty until the work of 
the removal of exhibits and property was practically completed. 

These with an extra force of Jefferson Guards, prevented what might 
have otherwise terminated in a woeful waste of valuable property. 

The thousands of visitors with the carnival spirit were contented with 
a more simple form of amusement in keeping with our boasted American 
Christian civilization. 

The Louisiana Purchase Exposition closed in dignified peace. 



Executive Commissioners' Association 



PRESIDENT YERRINGTGN'S ADDRESS. 

At the reception of the association at the Iowa State Building, the 
evening of December 1, Hon. J. A. Yerrington, of Nevada, president of 
the Executive Commissioners' Association, expressed the sentiments of 
the organization as follows: 

"Before we say our last good- 
night and farewell, I wish, person- 
ally, to thank the members of the 
association for having made it sucn 
a potent factor at this exposition, 
and for the many courtesies which 
have been extended to me. 

Our association has held forty 
regular meetings, with never le.^s 
than a majority of the membership 
present. In these meetings there 
has never been the least friction to 
mar the deliberations. There hav3 
been sharp discussions at times in 
matters of policy in dealing with 
serious problems, but when these 
have been settled the decision 
reached has been the decision of 
the association, and the member- 
ship has stood up to a man in de- 
fending that decision. 




*J. A. Yerringrton, Carson, Nevada, 
Pres. Executive Commissioners' Association. 



Promotion and Protection. 

The results show that the organization has accor;plished what was in- 
tended for it. The association started out to help the exposition manage- 
ment in the matter of exploiting its greatness. 

The second purpose was to protect the interests of states and coun- 
tries represented. No one here will deny the efllciency of the work in 



*Mr. Yerrington was born in 1864, in Nevada, and was married April 
25, 1905, to Miss Elsie Prudence Hague, of New York City. He has served 
his state as Commissioner to the Chicago, San .Francisco, Paris, Buffalo 
-and St, Louis expositions. 




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PRESIDENT YERRINGTON'S ADDRESS. 351 

demanding of the exposition the changing of the main thoroughfare fov 
teams, by keeping out from the residence part of these grounds the beer 
and other heavy wagons loaded and destined for the Pilve and other con- 
cessions on the grounds, the completion of the streets and walks in ac- 
cordance with previous promises, the changing of the policy regarding ice, 
baggage, pilotage, and the securing of a more liberal policy regarding 
drinking water, tcilets, seats, and the keeping from the Plateau of States 
unwelcome concessions, a readjustment of certain obnoxious rules in all 
departments, the changing of the inscription on exhibit medals to accorj 
with American ideas, the demands of protection tor property against loot- 
ers at the close or the fair, and many other matters of detail requiring 
just such attentjcn. 

I regret that (he exposition at times misinterpreted the actions of the 
association as being antagonistic. The Commissioners from the states, 
territories and foreign nations came here upon invitation as official rep- 
resentatives and to become co-laborers with the exposition officials, and 
not as employes of the Exposition Company. Certain rights in exhibit 
matters were gi:ar?.nteed, and promises made in advance for their con- 
T eniences, as weii as for protection and accommodation of the visitors to 
the fair. When these rights were not respected, the Commissioners would 
have been c'erelict in their duty to have submitted without protest. The 
fact that practicpMy every demand made upon the exposition was eventu- 
ally granted proves the wisdom of the position taken. 

In the matter of opening the art galleries on Sunday for the accommo- 
dation of Commissioners and those who were unable because of their ex- 
position dudes to visit and study these masterpieces of art on week days, 
the suggeoiion wys made early in the season, but the privilege declined, 
the excuse being that the Treasury Department, under which the exposi- 
tion was operatitg, would not permit. An opinion in writing was given by 
Secretary Leslie M. Shaw to the secretary of this association that nothing 
in the law makiig the appropriations prohibited the opening of the art 
galleries Lo those on the grounds whO' could not visit them on week days. 
This settled, the next excuse was that the insurance companies had a 
clause prohibiting the opening of the galleries on Sunday. This was in- 
vestigated, and the companies stated if properly provided with guards 
there would be no objection to visitors to the art galleries at any time of 
day, night or Sunday. This being brought to the attention of the exposi- 
tion company the last excuse given was that the foreigners objected to 
naving their pic ^r res looked at on Sunday. This statement was soon 
found to be untrue, and the matter with the proof that a large number of 
favored to^no.^ts wcie being given this privilege, was for the third time 
presented to President Francis. Upon making a personal investigation he 
saw for U;. nself the inconsistency as well as the discourteous position in 
which the manac(ment was placed, and gave his consent to admit Com- 
missioners to th<. art gallery on Sunday. Untortunately, this change of 
heart did not come until the cool November weather had arrived — too late 
to be of any benefit and what the Commissioners had desired so long at 
last had lo bp declined. 

As Prooident Francis has apologized and informed the secretary that 



352 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

he was acting only oii what had been represented to him through the ex- 
hibits department as to the condition of affairs, and that the admission of 
the many iavored guests had been without his knowledge or consent, we 
freely forgive hlin for his part, believing that his action was based on 
what had been represented to him to be facts. It nevertheless remains a 
regret that prich a ])rivilege could not have been granted when first asked. 

Inconsistencies in Exhibits. 

I am informed by the secretary that the business of the association 
has practicaPy been concluded, and that there remains but two or three 
unsettled matters. One of the early rules of the exhibits department was 
to the effect that no awards would be givev. exhibitors in state buildings. 
This rule, by action, was abrogated in some departments, in others the 
literal constraction of the rule has been rigidly observed. For instance, a 
crazy patchwork quilt on exhibition in the Texas Building, which comes 
under the department of manufactures, is given a grand prize over all 
competitors, while the pipe organ in the Iowa Building and the aeolean in 
the New York Buiidmg are not subject to award in the liberal arts depart- 
ment. This is extreme comparison, but there are others equally as unex- 
plainable, exhibiting in some cases under the same roof. 

Pleasant Features. 

But there has been a bright side to this exposition work, and this will 
remain with us as long as time lasts. The fellowship among the state 
Commissioners and tiveir families is ihe mo&t pleasant feature of the fair. 

I want to thank ■'he management of the exposition for the many fa- 
vors extended. Our wrrk has not been altogether one of protests and de- 
mands. It is an easy matter to stand off and criticise. Knowing what 
President Francis has had to contend with, I can readily understand why 
his path was noc at all times lined with American Beauties and potted 
plants. The cordial greeting he gave the association upon its organiza- 
tion, his readiness at all times to give ear to such matters as we have had 
to present in exploiting the fair, and his recognition of the association and 
its membership at different times has demonstrated the usefulness of the 
organization and its importance at this exposition. 

We will leave St. Louis with many happj recollections of President 
Francis, and will hope chat his future life will be a happy and prosperous 
one, and that he will receive the grand prize he deserves for faithful 
service. 

I want to express foi the association and for myself, personally, to 
Governor and Mrs. La'rrabee and the Secietary and Mrs. Conaway, our 
thanks for the many courtesies extended. Just why the Iowa Building 
was made the adminisciation building for the Plateau of States, I am un- 
able to say, unless it be that our first meeting was held here and we found 
such a royal welcome that we could not get out of the habit of making it 
our official hr.'adquarters. It was natural after the many occasions held 
in this building socialJy anG for business purposes that we should spend 
the last evening v/iih Iowa. 

I have the hoiior tn introduce our friend and comrade, Mr. Chas. M. 
Reeves, chief of the department of domestic exploitation. To Mr. Reeves 



REPRESENTATION BY STATES. 



353 



we are individually and as an association indebted. His desk has always 
been easy of acc<,ss to all Commissioners. Our detail work being chiefly 
with Mr. Reoves, we have always found him on duty and ready to con- 
scientiously earr7- out to the fullest extent of his powers the promises 
made by the Exnosirion Company. All states and territorial exhibits were 
made under his direction. In arranging for this participation Mr. Reeves 
visited every stp^e and territory in the Union. 




ADDRESS BY MR. CHAS. M. REEVES. 

Mr. President, Daughters of 
the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion, Hostesses, Commissioners 
and Ladies: I am certainly grate- 
ful to the Executive Commission- 
ers' Association, to Governor and 
Mrs. Larrabee, and to Secretary 
and Mrs. Conaway for this very 
pleasing reception given in honor 
of Mrs. Reeves and myself. Being 
the farewell party given by those 
who have had such a leading part, 
in fact, I might say have taken the 
most prominent part, in the most 
stupendous exposition the world 
has ever seen, the honor is highly 
appreciated. It is not this alone, 
however, that fills my heart with 

CHAS. M. REEVES. gratitude, but the warm friend- 

Chief Department Domestic Exploitation, ship formed between these state 

Commissioners and myself, which I hope will continue to our closing 
days. 

My work naturally has brought me into close touch with you, and af- 
ter all of the perplexities, the trials and vexations of a world's fair that 
I should be thus honored instead of being hanged in effigy is more than 
I can understand. I have tried to do my duty and to conduct the affairs 
of my office as best I could,- but after all is said and done, I have been 
simply one spoke of the great wheel of the exposition. 

A Potent Factor. 

I am grateful to the Executive Commissioners' Association for its 
quiet, effective work in exploiting the fair. It has been a very potent fac- 
tor, and, without disloyalty to the management, of which I am a part, I 
say that in the adjustment of the affairs between your membership and 
the exposition it is unfortunate that so much of your time had to be con- 
sumed, in certain cases, unnecessarily. I can say honestly that it was the 
policy of my department from the beginning, where I had the power to 
act, to grant your request when such requests had been investigated and 
passed upon by the association, and in not a single instance has a mis- 
take been made in such cases. This was good policy because the asso- 



354 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

ciation proceeded cautiously and conservatively, if I am in a position to 
judge of its methods, and its policy was not to recommend measures that 
were not in harmony with the promises made by the proper authorities of 
the exposition prior to the opening of the fair. Furthermore, the associa- 
tion has at all times evidenced a spirit of having the success of the fair 
at heart, and has ever stood ready to exploit it in every possible way. I 
recall your good work with the bill posters and the good work with the 
press. It was the better part of good business judgment to keep the mem 
bers in a good humor. The time which you have spent in trying to gain 
admission to closed doors to present matters for adjustment; the needless 
waste of time spent in waiting for responses, could have been more profit 
ably spent in talking the wonders of the exposition. I am satisfied that 
had we been in a position to fulfill certain promises made to the Com 
missioners representing the states, territories and foreign nations, this 
world's fair would have been first in point Ol attendance instead of being 
second. We simply failed at times to take advantage of our opportunities. 
For the generous response at all times by the Commissioners to the 
requests made by the exposition management I desire to thank you. While 
there have been regrettable delays in complying with your requests I want 
to say that the Commissioners for the most part took a broad view of the 
matter — made due allowance for the tremendous volume of business we 
were forced to transact daily, and we generally got quick action on any 
matter in which we were interested. We frequently came to the Executive 
Commissioners, where it seemed that Preside^it Yerrington and Secretary 
Conaway had power in advance of any formal action of the association to 
comply with our requests. In the complex machinery of the management 
delays were absolutely unavoidable. It was unfortunate that this was so. 
We know now that it would have been better to provide a shorter cut in 
emergency cases for "hurry-up" business. To a certain extent this was 
provided through the office of President Francis, but with the multiplicity 
of his duties he could not always stop to investigate, but when he did and 
was able to hear both sides of a question, he always gave relief. 

What the States Did. 

Never in the history of international expositions have the states and 
territories of the American Union been so comprehensively represented as 
they have been at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. The total value 
of thejr participation was $9,346,677. This includes all moneys appropriat- 
ed by legislative assemblies, all funds raised by popular subscription, and 
all exhibits loaned or donated to the Commissions representing the states 
and territories. The amount of money actually expended by the Commis- 
sions, derived from legislative enactment and popular subscription, was 
$7,092,786. The difference between the total cost of state participation 
($9,346,677) and the cash expenditure ($7,092,786), represents the value of 
exhibits donated or loaned to the states and territories. 

Every state and territory within the boundaries of the United States 
except Delaware arranged for participation in the exposition, either 
through the appropriation of funds by legislative enactment or by popular 
subscription. Many of the states used both methods. In addition to the 
states and territories within the United States proper, the District of 



REPRESENTATION BY STATES. 355 

Alaska, the Philippine Islands, Porto Rico and Hawaii arranged for par- 
ticipation through proper official channels. All of these have been well 
represented except Hawaii, where the appropriation of $G0,000 made by the 
legislature was rendered invalid by a decision of the supreme court. The 
legislature of South Carolina made a preliminary appropriation of $5,500, 
but the state failed to be represented through complications which arose 
in the succeeding legislature. South Carolina, Delaware and Hawaii are, 
therefore, the only states and territories that have not been represented 
at the exposition. 

Forty-four States Represented. 

Forty-four states, territories and possessions were represented on the 
exposition grounds by buildings and some of them had more than one build- 
ing. Eleven states and territories were not represented by buildings. Thev 
are: Alabama, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Nebraska, North 
Carolina, North Dakota, Porto Rico, South Carolina, and Wyoming. With 
the exception of Delaware, Hawaii and South Carolina, these states are all 
represented in the exhibit palaces. 

The total amount expended by the states and territories on their 
buildings and exhibits was a fraction over $4,000,000 in excess of the 
amount spent by the states and territories on their buildings and exhibits 
at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago. 

One fact I wish to emphasize is that every dollar expended by my de- 
partment was so expended that it was accounted for in detail on our 
books. The lobby work (I use the word in its best and broadest sense) 
was conducted on the broadest and perhaps the most systematic lines 
ever undertaken in the United States. In carrying on this work I re- 
ceived valuable assistance from many of the members of this association. 
Let it be said to the credit of the American elective system that the men 
who have held honorable positions in our representative bodies are hon- 
est and upright, and that in my judgment departure from this in individual 
cases are not only exceptions, but very rare exceptions, to the rule. 

While the closing of this great exposition comes to me as a physical 
and mental relief, long awaited and long desired, it is not without the 
deepest regret that I remind you tonight that the closing hour is upon us. 
At midnight the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, which I believe to be the 
grandest achievement of modern times, will have passed into history. The 
day of parting is upon us, and I contemplate with deepest regret separa- 
tions from friends whose esteem and friendship shall ever be dear to mo. 
I cannot bring myself to the point of saying good-bye,, but as 

"Despair was never yet so deep 
In sinking as in seeming; 
Despair is hope, just dropped asleep. 
For better chance of dreaming." 

let us say instead, "Au Revoir." 



356 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

COL. R. H. HENRY. 

Col. R, H. Henry, Commissioner for Mississippi, said: 

Mr. President and Friends: I am glad this farewell function was held 
at the Iowa Building. Since we started to construct our buildings, the 
Johnnies from Mississippi have chummed with the Yanks from Iowa, and 
not even a ripple of trouble has ever been heard. Our piano has played 
"Yankee Doodle," and the Iowa organ has pealed forth the inspiring 
strains of "Dixie." 

Since coming here we have known no north or south, except when 
telling prospective settlers that the sunny south provides the best climate 
and has the greatest advantages. 

You of the north boast of your hardy and rugged climate, your great 
resources and diversified crops. We like northern people and want just 
as many of them as we can get. You cannot send too many. We can stand 
your politics because you will do just as we do when you get south. 

I want to thank you all for your many courtesies. This exposition 
has been a great eye-opener and a great broadener of ideas. 

Our country is bigger than it was before. When we come together 
as we have done, we find we are not so far apart in our views on any 
question. 



REMARKS BY COL. J. A. FILCHER.* 

Mr. President and Gentlemen: Before finally adjourning, I want to 
call your attention to a matter that deserves consideration. It is this: 
The officers of this association have proven very eflBicient. Though their 
duties have been arduous and accompanied at times with heavy responsibil- 
ities, in no instance have they flinched from the task imposed, and in no 
case have they failed to perform the function of their important trust. 

This association, made up of Commissioners from all over the globe, 
has a record of which we may be proud. 

Our president, Mr. J. A. Yerrington, of Nevada, has given much of his 
time to the duties of his office, and in all his rulings has been as impartial 
as the dews of heaven. His uniform courtesy has won for him the grati- 
tude and high esteem of every member of the association, and proved the 
wisdom of his selection. 

The duties of our secretary, Mr. F. R. Conaway, of Iowa, have been 
arduous and important, yet he has given us a faithful record of all our 

*Col. J. A. Filcher, a native of Burlington, Iowa, was born in 1846, and 
is now a resident of San Francisco, California, the Executive Commis- 
sioner for California at the exposition. He served as a member of the 
California Constitutional Convention in 1888-1889, and later as a member 
of the Senate. He was for two terms president of the State Editorial As- 
sociation. He represented his state at the Paris Exposition in 1900 and 
was United States Commissioner to the Hamburg International Exposi- 
tion, He served his state as Commissioner to Chicago and every exposi- 
tion since then. He has asked that, in accordance with a resolution adopt- 
ed, his remarks upon the occasion of the closing meeting of the Executive 
Commissioners' Association, be given a place in the report of the Iowa 
Commission. 



EXECUTIVE COMMISSIONERS' ASSOCIATION. 357 

transactions. In more ways than I can tell he has given time and ability 
to those nice details which go to characterize a competent official and 
insure satisfactory results. His attendance has been regular, his work 
thorough, and to all demands he has been prompt and efficient. He came 
to us a stranger, and among all the Commissioners present, many of whom 
had had years of experience in exposition work, for some reason we se- 
lected him for secretary. We found that we had chosen wisely. He had 
studied expositions as a student, and, being a close observer, had familiar- 
ized himself with the practical workings of every department. He is a 
typical representative of his native state — frank, suave, kindly and busi- 
ness-like, thorough in everything, aggressive, a good fighter when neces- 
sary, as well as an ardent man of peace. While he has not neglected the 
work of the Iowa Commission in taking on these added duties, he has, to 
my certain knowledge, deprived himself of very many of the pleasures 
of this exposition to faithfully serve this association. 

He has won for himself a warm place in our affections, and to him 
we owe a debt of gratitude. 

It has pleased me greatly to see Iowa take the position she has at the 
fair. While her representation has been aggressive it has been free from 
any factional strife, either among her own people or in a selfish rivalry 
among the other Commissions. Iowa has done in this just as she does in 
all of her public business affairs — selected strong men to represent her 
and then stood by them. 

We will always remember with grateful hearts the recollection of 
Governor Larrabee, vice president of this association, and the other mem- 
bers of the Iowa Commission with whom this whole association has come 
in perhaps closer touch than any other. 

The treasurer, Mr. W. C. Buskett, of Montana, has been most pains- 
taking. It is hard to tell whether we owe the splendid financial record of 
this association more to the promptness of the members than to the 
promptings of the treasurer. He has honored us by a faithful account of 
all our financial transactions, and has reported today that every dollar 
for dues has been collected, giving us a record that stands without a 
parallel. 

When these officers were elected they were strangers to most of us, 
but their service shows conclusively that those who brought them for- 
ward knew their men and were inspired by that high motive which should 
always characterize gentlemen when they meet for noble purposes. I have 
participated in six expositions, and I want to say that the work of this 
association has been the most satisfactory in every way. 

Some form of acknowledgement of the work of these faithful serv- 
ants is due from this association, and, Mr. President, I now move you that 
it be the sense of the members here assembled that we recognize the im- 
partiality, courtesy, and fidelity of our officers, as displayed in their per- 
sonal conduct and official acts, and that we extend to them our grateful 
thanks for the efficient manner in which they have performed the duties 
imposed upon them; that we register the expression of our confidence in 
them as men, and our hope that the traits displayed in their conduct may 



358 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

be emulated by their fellows, and prove an inspiration to nobler deeds 
on the part of all their associates. 

This motion having been seconded by at least half a dozen members, 
and to save the president from embarrassment, I will put the question, 
and I now declare it carried unanimously. 

Mr. President, every member present has voted aye. 

Upon motion of Governor Brady, of Alaska, Mr. Filcher was requested 
to put his remarks and resolution in writing and present to the various 
Commissions for publication in their reports. 



EXECUTIVE COMMISSIONERS' ASSOCIATION. 

The organization of state and foreign Commissions was comprised of 
the Executive Commissioners or executive official from each Commission, 

The following is a list of officers and members: 
J. A. Yerington, president, Nevada. 
J. H. Hawthorne, vice president, Missouri. 
Wm. C, Stubbs, vice president, Louisiana. 
William Larrabee, vice president, Iowa. 
Newton W. Gilbert, vice president, Indiana. 
J. C. Carpenter, vice president, Kansas. 
F. R. Conaway, secretary, Iowa. 
Wm. C. Buskett, treasurer, Montana. 
J. A. MacKnight, Shelby Springs, Alabama. 
Gov. John G. Brady, Sitka, Alaska. 
A. J. Doran, Prescott, Arizona. 
J. C. Rembert, Helena., Arkansas. 

Frank Wiggins, Chamber of Commerce, Los Angeles, California. 
J. A. Filcher, The Gables, San Francisco, California. 
Paul Wilson, 215 Central Block, Pueblo, Colorado. 
J. H. Vaill, Winsted, Connecticut. 
Glascock Barrett, Atlanta, Georgia. 
M. J. Wessels, Kendrick, Idaho. 
C. B. Hurtt, Boise, Idaho. 
J. W. Cockrum, Oakland City, Indiana. 
F. C. Hubbard, Muskogee, Indian Territory. 
Gov. William Larabee, Clermont, Iowa. 
F. R. Conaway, Des Moines, Iowa. 
Col. J. C. Carpenter, Chanute, Kansas. 

Col. R. B. Hughes, American National Bank Building, Louisville, Ky. 
Dr. W. C. Stubbs, Audubon Park, New Orleans, Louisiana. 
Louis B. Goodall, Sanford, Maine. 
Capt. Edward E. Philbrook, Portland, Maine. 
Albert Jones, Baltimore, Maryland. 
W. H. Fairbank, Warren, Massachusetts, 
Hal. H. Smith, 713 Hammond Building, Detroit, Michigan. 
S. George Stevens, 2231 W^est Third Street, Duluth, Minnesota, 
Col. R. H. Henry, Jackson, Mississippi. 



EXECUTIVE COMMISSIONERS' ASSOCIATION. 359 

M. T. Davis, Springfield, Mo. 

J. H. Hawthorne, 3434 Campbell Avenue, Kansas City, Missouri. 

William C. Buskett, Helena, Montana. 

H. G. Shedd, Lincoln, Nebraska. 

Col. Lewis T. Bryant, Atlantic City, New Jersey. 

M. W. Porterfield, Silver City, New Mexico. 

Chas. A. Ball, Wellsville, New York. 

J. A. Yerrington, Carson City, Nevada. 

H. H. Brimley, Raleigh, North Carolina. 

Hon. David Bartlett, Cooperstown, North Dakota. 

Stacey B. Rankin, South Charleston, Ohio. 

Edgar B. Marchant, Aline, Oklahoma. 

W. H. Wehrung, Hillsboro, Oregon, 

Thos. H. Garvin, Sharon Hill, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. W. P. Wilson, Philadelphia Commercial Museum, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Dr. Gustavo Niederlien, Manilla, Philippine Islands. 

George N. Kingsbury, P. O. Box 866, Providence, Rhode Island. 

S. W. Russell, Deadwood, South Dakota. 

George R. Farmer, Madison, South Dakota. 

Hon. B. A. Enloe, Jackson, Tennessee. 

L. J. Wortham, Austin, Texas. 

S. T. Whitaker, Ogden, Utah. 

J. L. Patton, Newport News, Virginia. 

Elmer E. Johnston, Everett, Washington. 

Col. A. H. Winchester, Buckhannon, West Virginia. 

Grant Thomas, Madison, Wisconsin. 

C. B. Richardson, Cheyenne, Wyoming. 

Chas. M. Rosenthal (Austria), temporary address, 5671 Clemens Ave- 
nue, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Col. F. M. Souza Aquair, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

Esteban Duque Estrada, Direccion General de Okras Publicas, Ha- 
bana, Cuba. 

N. Kanzaki, No. 1 Kagacho Kiobaskiku, Tokio, Japan. 

C. F. Irigoyen, Guatemala City, Guatemala, Central America, via New 
Orleans. 

W. A. Burns, Ottawa, Canada. 

Francis A. Carl (China), temporary address 3847 West Pine Boule- 
vard, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Manuel Gonzales (Costa Rica), temporary address 4024 Bell Avenue, 
St. Louis, Missouri. 

Howard S. Reed, San Pedro, Sula, Honduras. 

Walter B. Stevens, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Charles M. Reeves, 3957 Cleveland Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Col. Henry E. Dosch, Portland, Oregon. 



360 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

EXPOSITION MANAGEMENT. 

At no time during the period of the exposition did the machinery of 
the management run smoothly. There was not a day that it did not work 
to a disadvantage. This was partly because of a run of bad luck in the 
completion of the buildings, roads and grounds, St. Louis having experi- 
enced an unusually wet spring and summer, and partly because funds 
were lacking and insufficient revenue coming in to meet the expenses, and 
partly because of the cumbersome and unwieldy machinery in the admin- 
istrative organization. 

In advertising "life, color and motion," the Exposition Company hard- 
ly meant the life and motion of the directors of the exhibits and conces- 
sions department. Possibly the color had reference to the red tape at the 
Administration Building, such a display never having been seen since the 
days of McClellan's quiet army on the Potomac. 

During the construction period, the business of the exposition was 
carried on in a much more satisfactory manner under the executive head 
of the director of works, Mr. Isaac S. Taylor, than during the exposition in 
charge of the director of exhibits. 

Mr. Taylor, a tireless worker himself, made an heroic effort to assist 
those who had business with his department in expediting affairs. In the 
office of the director of exhibits the reverse was true. It was unfortunate 
for the exposition that a man, no matter how capable, should have been 
selected for this position who was not willing to give up his daily fore- 
noon visit to the golf grounds and his afternoons and evenings at the 
down^o7vn clubs, when hundreds of exhibitors were idle or working to dis- 
advantage, awaiting his action. 

Mr. Taylor was aggressive, progressive and receptive. If an obnox- 
ious rule was brought to his attention, he would promptly proclaim that 
"if the rule is wrong we will make it right." Although a great club man 
himself, he gave up all such pleasures that the business intrusted to him 
might not suffer, or those dependent on him for rulings and decisions 
might not be put to disadvantage. 

The director of exhibits mapped out his work before the opening of 
the fair and expected it to run itself. He was a stand-patter of the most 
obstinate order. Rules once made were never to be changed. He would 
give permission to violate the rules, but to change them was against ex- 
position policy. The office was in charge most of the time, when occu- 
pied at all, by the assistant to the director, a man incompetent in every 
particular for such a position. 

Business in connection with the concessions and admissions depart- 
ment was equally as unsatisfactory. However, the director was not so 
particular about rules. In fact, the rules of his department were no more 
sacred than his pledges and promises. 

In the department of exploitation, under Secretary W. B. Stevens and 
Chief Charles M. Reeves, most generous and courteous treatment was 
given. Careful attention and investigation were given in all matters pre- 
sented to them. Their doors were always open to those having business 
to transact. In this department also was Mr. J. C. Thompson, Jr., private 



EXPOSITION MANAGEMENT. 361 

secretary to President Francis, whose conscientious work saved many un- 
pleasant experiences between the president and the state Commissions 
because of inefficiency of certain departments. 

While the management of such an enterprise requires the skill and 
ability which few men possess, President Francis is entitled to great credit 
for its success. Unwieldy as the organization was, he made a strenuous 
effort to carry forward the work to a satisfactory conclusion. He was 
never idle. He a4,tempted, however, to do too much himself. He 
was always busy and never shirked work. He was more generous in his 
treatment of visitors than many of his subordinates. He was prone, how- 
ever, to remember his friends only when he needed them, and to leave 
the adjustment of complaints to the offenders without the personal inves- 
tigation he had given assurance he would make. While the promises he 
made which had to be executed in the exploitation department, or the di- 
vision of works, were carried out, promises made by him in the exhibits 
department were overruled by the director of exhibits, and President 
Francis placed in the position of a subordinate. This brought about many 
unhappy complications among state Commissioners who, failing to bring 
about satisfactory adjustment with the exhibits department, had gone di- 
rect to President Francis at his own request. The personal investigation, 
however, went no further than the director of exhibits' office, where the 
complaints or regrets were promtly pigeonholed. 

Occasionally an answer would be forced by threats of withdrawal 
from exhibiting. Then an answer would come, not from the hand of the 
president, but from the dictation of the director of exhibits, by letter or 
telephone from the golf links, unsatisfactory always. 

For this reason, the question repeatedly arose as to whethe? Governor 
Francis or the director of exhibits was the real executive head of the ex- 
position. While the chiefs of departments in practically every instance 
were qualified for the position, it was indeed unfortunate that the direct- 
ors of exhibits and concessions could not have been selected with the 
same care, and only such persons selected as could give their personal 
attention to the matters involved, familiarizing themselves with exposi- 
tion affairs. 

Iowa suffered less, perhaps, than some of the other states. However, 
the reports of the Iowa departments show that constant inefficiency, in- 
consistency and obnoxious rules had to be endured. 

Iowa's exhibits were in place on time, yet if the ten per cent advan- 
tage promised by the exposition management was taken into considera- 
tion in the awards, the Commission has not heard of it. 

It was a satisfaction to have the exhibits installed on the opening 
day. In some ways it was a detriment, notably in apiary, butter and clay 
departments. In violation of rules, the last to arrive were given the pref- 
erence. The early exhibitors were held to a strict interpretation of the 
rules. 

All privileges were given to exhibitors who were induced to apply for 
the vacant spaces after the exposition opened. 

One rule prohibited the entry for award of any exhibit in a state build- 
ing. This rule was enforced in such exhibits as were contained in the Iowa 



362 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Building. In some of the state buildings where exhibits came under a dif- 
ferent classification, the walls were plastered with gold medals and grand 
prizes. 

In the live stock department, in a delayed letter from the director of 
exhibits answering nine interrogatories, in seven instances violation of the 
rules is guardedly permitted. 

While Iowa fared well in the educational exhibits, it was unfortunate 
that the jurors in this department were made up entierly of eastern edu- 
cators. 

The director of exhibits made an arbitrary rule that all exhibits must 
be in place before the opening day of the fair. He sent hurry-up telegrams 
to exhibitors in January to get the material to the exposition at once arid 
commence installation. Many exhibitors did as directed, arriving on the 
ground to find the buildings incomplete and impossible to install their 
exhibits. 

At the opening of the fair, therefore, according to the rule, the ex- 
hibits were to be in place theoretically. 

The director of exhibits organized the officers of the exposition, and, 
with other invited guests, proceeded on a tour of inspection of those parts 
of the exhibit buildings where exhibits had actually been installed. The 
many acres of incomplete and vacant space were protected from critical 
eyes by canvas curtains. So complete was this deception that even the 
National Commission and Board of Lady Managers were led to the sign- 
ing of a proclamation declaring the exhibits in place. 

Following the publication of this proclamation came thousands of rep- 
resentatives from all over the world, of the press, women's clubs, and 
other representatives of many conventions, which were scheduled for the 
month of May. The truth was heralded to the uttermost parts of the earth. 
It did not travel as rapidly as the first statement, but was far-reaching in 
results. 

At the time when the attendance should have been at its height the 
gate receipts took a slump. 

Had the director of exhibits been content to have presented a plain 
statement of facts at the opening, it might have temporarily held back 
the attendance. It would, however, have prevented the reaction from the 
misstatement, and from which the exposition never fully recovered. Later 
statements from the Exposition Company were discredited. 

All of the people cannot be deceived all of the time. 



Passenger traffic to and from the fair was very satisfactory, and the 
street car service in St. Louis was very complete. The work of the Gen- 
eral Service Company on the exposition grounds was well managed, and, 
although the charges were above the ordinary, when it is taken into con- 
sideration the great outlay in equipment and the expense of maintaining 
almost an army of employes, the charges were not generally considered 
excessive. The freight service, except by railroads which were free to use 
their own lines in and out of St. Louis and to the exposition grounds was 
deplorable. The freight blockade was continuous for over two years and 
the Terminal Railroad Company was powerless to relieve the situation at 
any time. Shippers by "seeing" the train and yard men could secure the 
delivery of stock and perishable shipments, but all appeals to the execu- 
tive officers of the company was time wasted. Practically the same trou- 
bles were encountered with the Exposition Railroad Company. 



FUNCTION OF A STATE PAVILION. 

Iowa's Building 



363 




MRS. F. R. CONAWAY, 
Hostess. 



THE FUNCTION OF A STATE PAVILION. 

The advantages of a state 
building at such an exposition as 
this are manifold. 

It establishes the fact that the 
state is broad enough to have offi- 
cial representation in a showing 
of the progress of the world com- 
mercially. 

It establishes the fact that the 
state does not make representa- 
tion simply for the awards; that 
the sentiments of its people go 
beyond these considerations, and 
take pride in the advancement 
made in art, music and the sci- 
ences, and, while it may have ex- 
hibits of these in the several ex- 
hibit palaces, the real representa- 
tion as to the progress and culture 
of the people is made at the state 
pavilions. The visitors from the 
home state, while they may be individually unconscious of the fact, make 
up this living exhibit showing the culture, enlightenment and commercial 
progress of its people. Those charged with the responsibility of the con- 
duct of the affairs are mere incidents. 

There is a sentiment 
in connection with a state 
building which can be lik- 
ened only to the home gov- 
ernment's embassy at a 
foreign court. Even though 
held in an adjoining state, 
there is a cosmopolitan air 
at such an exposition as 
this which transports the 
visitor in mind at least to 
a foreign land, and nO' mat- 
ter how simple the repre- 
sentation of his state may 
be in its building, if the 
latch string is out he finds 
in it a home. To those tired 
footsore, in distress or ^EW jersey state building. 

, ,, ,, , , ,.,■,. A Reproduction of Washing-ton's Headquarters 

trouble, the state buildmg at Morristown. 




THE IOWA BUILDING. 



365 



is a veritable refuge where the visitor can go for aid, and it is the duty of 
those in charge who are representing the state government to give ear and 
friendly aid to all. These troubles may be a lost pocketbook, a strayed 
child or a wife separated in a crowd from the husband. All such are dis- 
tressing circumstances and may consume more time and energy in ren- 
dering assistance than the duty which likewise involves on the Commis- 
sion or its representatives in adjusting difficulties between individual or 
state exhibitors with the exposition management. 

With all this comes the pleasure of the visits of thousands who come 
with beaming faces, proud of the state and its showing, using the build- 
ing for headquarters, inviting friends from other states and countries to 
share with them the hospitality of a generous state. 



BUILDING PLANS. 

Several of the states, as well as nations, having some particular his- 
toric building, reproduced the same at the exposition for the state build- 
ing, notably the following: 

California, Old Spanish Mission. 

Connecticut, the Sigourney Mansion. 

Georgia, "Sutherland," home of Gen. John B. Gordon. 

Louisiana, "The Cabildo," the building in which the transfer of Louis- 
iana to the United States occurred. 

New Jersey, George Washington's headquarters at Morristown. 

Oregon, Lewis and Clark Barracks, "Fort Clatsop." 

Tennessee, "The Hermitage," home of Andrew Jackson. 

Virginia, "Monticello," home of Thomas Jefferson. 

Germany, Charlottenburg Castle. 

France, Grand Trianon. 

China, country residence of Prince Pu Lun. 

North Dakota booth, log house built and occupied by President Roose- 
velt when living in North Dakota. 

Rhode Island, Gammel 
Mansion, Providence. 

Vermont, Constitution 
House, Windsor. 

New Hampshire, birth- 
place of Daniel Webster. 

Mississippi, Beauvoir, 
home of Jefferson Davis. 

At one of the early 
meetings of the Iowa Com- 
mission, Commissioner S. 
M. Leach made the sugges- 
tion that because of Iowa's 
position in the Louisiana 
Purchase Territory, it 
would be well to consider 
MISSISSIPPI STATE BUii,DiNG. the feasibility of either 

A Reproduction of Jefferson Uavis' Home "Beauvour" . ,, ■,■, j. -j. • ^ 

Decorated with American ria&s. moving the Old territorial 





GOVERNOR'S SUITE, IOWA BUILDING. 
Second Floor. 






RECEPTION ROOM. IOWA BUILDING 

Second Floor 



THE IOWA BUILDING. 



367 



capitol at Belmound, Wisconsin, used as a state house at the time Iowa 
was a part of Wisconsin Territory, to St. Louis to be used for the same 
buildinng, or to have the same reproduced. An investigation of the build- 
ing, however, showed the impracticticability, as it would not be in har- 
mony with the surroundings, or imposing enough for the location offered 
to Iowa. A picture of the building, however, made in grain was hung in 
the Iowa agricultural booth. 



LOCATION, ARCHITECTURE, COLOR AND ARRANGEMENT. 

The location given to Iowa at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition for 
the erection of its state building was ideal in every respect. Situated as 
it was at the intersection of the two main thoroughfares of the Plateau 
of States, it had an outlook that was indeed commanding. 

Prom the front veran- 
das, looking north to the 
right, within sight and 
easy walking distance, 
were the state buildings of 
Minnesota, Massachusetts, 
Ohio and Missouri; to the 
left, Kansas, New York, 
Wisconsin, Louisiana and 
Washington, also the Gov- 
ernment and Fisheries 
buildings; to the west, in 
plain view, could be seen 
the state buildings of Ar- 
kansas, Connecticut, Indi- 
ana, Rhode Island, Penn- 
sylvania and Nevada; to 
the south, New Jersey, 
Utah and the Inside Inn, 
and to the southeast were to be seen the buildings of Mississippi, Indian 
Territory and Arizona. 

The grounds assigned to Iowa were shaded with large forest trees, 
bringing the surroundings into pleasing harmony with the architecture 
and beauty of the splendid structure. 

The Intramural Railway had station No. 14 near the rear of the build- 
ing. 

The architects of the Iowa Building selected for the general style the 
French Renaissance, wide in its possibilities and scope, being subject to 
such finish as the Commissioners should decide, after carefully consider- 
ing the appropriation. 

While not so intended, the similarity and a happy blending of the 
architecture of the old state capitol at Iowa City and the new state house 
at Des Moines was discernible. The mammoth Corinthian pillars, togeth- 
er with the wide verandas on the three fronts, made its exterior attract- 
iveness second to no building on the grounds. 




NEW YORK STATE BUILDING. 



368 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



The building was 68 feet wide by 106 feet long, including the veran- 
das, and 90 feet to the flagpole. It was splendidly built of wood with a cov- 
ering of staff. The plaster of Paris coating was made of long manilla 
hemp, flax, silk or long hair fiber, soaked in such mineral as comes from 
the gypsum mines at Fort Dodge. Instead of the pure white color effect 
used on the buildings at the Columbian Exposition at Chicago, the ivory 
white was used at St. Louis, producing an effect much softer to the eye 
and not so blinding when reflected from the bright rays of the sun. 

On the second floor were also three wide balconies. The interior ar- 
rangement of the building was complete for the purpose for which it was 
intended. Entering from the north was a lobby where the visitors' regis- 
ter was kept, the bulletin board, and, when occasion demanded, was seat- 
ed for concerts. 

At the left were the general and private offices of the Commission, 
where all the business in connection with the Iowa Building and exhibits 
was transacted. Here also could be found the postoffice, information bu- 
reau and supplies for the use of Iowa people, in charge of the secretary's 
assistants. 

The rotunda was 28x28 feet, and during the organ recitals was pro- 
vided with seats. On one side of the rotunda was the ladies' parlor, the 




LADIES' PARLOR, IOWA BUILDING 
Ground Floor. 



THE IOWA BUILDING. 



369 



ladies' retiring room and toilet. On the opposite side of the rotunda was 
the assembly room, larger, and used for writing and reading rooms and 
general entertainments. In the rear was the check room for the accom- 
modation of Iowa people, and the men's toilet. 

Two organ recitals were given each day from the opening day of the 
fair to its close. The seats in the rotunda were always filled at the after- 
noon recital and additional seats were often necessary in the ladies' par- 
lor, assembly room and lobby, these rooms all being connected by broad 
high arches. 

The organ was located on the first landing of the grand stairway, well 
lighted, from two sides, and in addition to the musical entertainments, a 
complete finish to the interior decorations of the room, being of such mag- 
nificent wood and so handsomely polished. 

Leaving the organ landing were stairs on either side leading to the 
second floor; to the left was the Governor's suite, composed of parlor and 
sleeping room, with private bath; to the right, the president's suite, con- 
taining the same number of rooms and similar in arrangement. These 




ROTUNDA, IOWA BUILDING. 
Ground Floor. 




PRESIDENT'S SUITE. IOWA. BUILDING. 
Second Floor. 




EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE'S ROOM, IOWA BUILDING. 
Second Floor. 



THE IOWA BUILDING. 



371 



suites were rich in their appointments and were opened to lowans on all 
public occasions. 

On either side of the large balcony were large, spacious rooms used 
as parlor and library. In the parlor or reception room could be found the 
choice collection of china and bric-a-brac loaned to the state by her ar- 
tists, and in the library were the books of the Iowa authors, handsomely 
bound, together with the music of Iowa composers. A large balcony 
opened off from the parlor or reception room and from the library, with a 
splendid view of the grounds from either side. 

On the south side of the rotunda was the executive room of the Com- 
missioners, arranged for meetings of that board. This room also had a 
balcony leading off from it, adding materially to its comfort. From either 
side of this room extended halls connecting with the sleeping rooms of 
the Commissioners, numbering six in all. 

On the third floor were fourteen sleeping rooms, arranged for the use 
of assistants, superintendents and employes, with ample provision for 
storage room. 



SERVICE AND LUNCHES. 

The fact that the trains from Iowa unloaded their passengers at the 
world's fair gates early in the morning made it incumbent upon those in 





THE SOUTHWEST PORCH. 
A Daily Scene at the Iowa Building-. 




I^IBRARY, IOWA BUILDING. 
Second Floor. 




THE SOUTHWEST PORCH. 
Visitors to the Iowa Building- Eating- their Noonday Lunch. 



THE IOWA BUILDING. 



373 



charge of the Iowa Building to be on duty at an earlier hour than most of 
the other states. The building was closed at 6 o'clock p. m., except to Iowa 
visitors who made themselves known at the door. 

The southwest porch, being well shaded by trees and in addition cov- 
ered with a large awning, made an ideal place for Iowa visitors to eat 
their lunches. The porch was arranged with tables and chairs, and all 
conveniences for such visitors provided. Hundreds of Iowa people availed 
themselves of these privileges. Pure drinking water and janitor service 
were provided by the Commission and every courtesy shown to all those 
who came with their lunches. No kitchen was maintained, the occupants 
of the building taking their meals at hotels or restaurants. With one ex- 
ception and where a. restaurant was maintained in the building, the eating 
of lunches in all state and foreign buildings was not permitted. 

The building of Iowa's beautiful edifice is told by Hon. W. T. Shep- 
herd, Commissioner in charge of construction, in his report on the "Con- 
struction of the Iowa Building." 




RECEPTION ROOM. IOWA BUILDING. 
Second Floor. 



374 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

FLAGS AT HALF MAST. 

During the time the Iowa Building was in operation, the only death to 
occur to call for the lowering of the flags was that of former Governor 
Buren R. Sherman, whose death occurred on November 11, 1904, at Vin- 
ton, Iowa. He was born May 28, 1836. He was Governor of Iowa two 
terms, from 1882 to 1886, the immediate predecessor of Governor Larra- 
bee. 



INTERIOR DECORATIONS. 

Soon after the organization of the Commission, Commissioner Pal- 
mer, who was selected as chairman of the art department, held a confer- 
ence with the members of the Capitol Commission with reference to se- 
curing the new paintings to be made for the state capitol building, to be 
used in the Iowa Building during the exposition. At that time it was ex- 
pected the paintings would be completed by the time the Iowa Building 
was ready. Owing, however, to the insufficiency of the appropriation for 
the capitol improvements, this plan was abandoned. 

A description of the oil paintings and other works of art which 
adorned the Iowa Building will be found in the report of the Women's 
Auxiliary Committee. 

The "Burlington Hawkeye," April 24, 1904, gave the following descrip- 
tion of the interior decorations of the Iowa State Building: 

"Iowa has one of the most beautiful buildings upon the grounds, and 
in numerous features it surpasses many of the states whose appropriations 
exceeded those of Iowa. It is with a sense of pardonable pride that the 
architects, Messrs, Proudfoot & Bird, of Des Moines, are Iowa men. 

"Among the features of the Iowa Building to which attention has not 
heretofore been called is that of the interior decorations of Mr. W. G. An- 
drews, of Clinton, Iowa, whose ability is of a high degree of importance, 
whereby he has rendered his state a service of most valuable character, 
the success of which is in a large degree a testimony of the intelligence 
and tireless devotion of our worthy Iowa Commissioner, Mr. Leroy A 
Palmer, of Mount Pleasant, under whose superintendence the work has 
been done. The decorations of the Iowa Building surpass any of the state 
buildings upon the grounds, is the opinion of competent critics. Entering 
the building from its north front, you pass into the vestibule elaborately 
decorated in the style of the best French interior decorations of Louis 
XV. The rotunda into which jo\i enter from the vestibule off the north 
loggia is an elaborate treatment in ivory and gold. 

"The pilasters supporting the entablature surrounding and supporting 
the medallion cornices are marbleized in siena effects with gold capitals. 
Between the pilasters a series of spandrels are inserted in rich rose red, 
carrying a decorated surface of conventional raised ornamental leaf, the 
whole illuminated by fifty frosted incandescent electric lights inserted in 
effeotive spaces in the cornices. The treatment of the second story rotun- 
da is the same as that below, except that the panels are treated in elab- 
orate designs after the manner of the later French Renaissance. To the 
right of the rotunda as you enter is the reading room, writing room and 
parlor, separated from the rotunda by three arches supported by Italian 
marble columns. This ceiling is divided into three panels with heavy 
beams and cornices, the center of each panel is in sky effect with garlands 
of flowers separating the panels. The main scheme for this room is green. 
The woodwork is mahogany. The columns supporting the drop beams are 
marbleized with old sienna and gold effects in the capitals. The general 



INTERIOR DECORATIONS. 375 

effect of the oval sky decoration is to raise the ceiling and give it more 
depth and space. This treatment is very effective and renders these rooms 
very beautiful. To the right of the rotunda is the ladies' reception room. 
This is a large room, 30x50 feet in size, with a ceiling paneled by mould- 
ings and cornices. The room is in soft yellow tones, a delicate cream tint 
for the ceiling, with plastic relief ornaments in the Louis XVI style. The 
mouldings, beams and cornices are light ivory and gold. The pilasters 
and panels are Italian marble with solid gold capitals. Wall panels are a 
soft shade of yellow with gold ornaments. The woodwork is mahogany, 
the furniture white and gold. South from the rotunda you approach the 
grand staircase leading to the second story. On either side of this stair- 
case, leading to the organ platform, the decorator has left two ornamented 
panels to be filled with large landscapes painted by Commissioner Palmer. 
On the left side as you ascend the stairway will be seen Mr. Palmer's land- 
scape idyl, "When the World Rests;" on the right his landscape, "Mount 
Tacoma," showing the magnificent snowy peak as it appears thirty miles 
awaj^ behind a range of sunlit mountains in the remote middle distance. 

"As you ascend the stairway, you face the magnificent pipe organ 
kindly donated to the Commission by ex-Governor and Mrs. Larrabee, At 
the organ you turn to the right and left and enter the rotunda of the sec- 
ond story, which, arched on four sides,' leads directly into the Governor's 
recepilion room on the left and to the library on the right, and to the 
Commissioners' executive room on the north side of the rotunda. 

"On the left of the rotunda upstairs is the Governor's reception room. 
This is decorated in exquisite harmony with the architecture of the build-. 
ing, which is that of the later French Renaissance. The ceiling is richly 
ornamented by a treatment the effect of which is to increase its height; a 
graceful oval border of flags is the feature of the ceiling. The cornice, 
supported by decorative pilasters, is treated in old' gold with burnished 
gold high lights, and these rest upon pilasters of rich sienna marble fin- 
ished at the top Avith burnished gold capitals. The walls are given a tint 
of subdued green to harmonize with the ceiling, while the bases or wain- 
scot portion are done in warmer tone, thus furnishing a rich background, 
which harmonizes with the furniture, walls and general treatment. 

"Leading from the reception room is the Governor's parlor and bed 
room, decorated in dainty effects, the feature of the ceiling and frieze be- 
ing scattered bunches of lilacs with floral accessories. 

"The treatment of the Governor's parlor is exquisite and novel in the 
extreme. The walls are hung with old Gobel tapestry in a conventional 
treatment of French scroll work of the period, the color scheme being in 
old brown, blues and siennas, lit up by carnations in the floral parts and 
all thrown into half relief by back shades of transparent siennas, lakes 
and umbers. The borders are treated in a flat arabesque effect tastily ter- 
minating at the cove line by relief flgures which carry a double line of 
ivory white to the borders of the ceiling tint. The ceiling is a floral design, 
and in raised decorations meets the relief, and all together forms one of 
the best composed and best executed effects of oriental decorative con- 
ventional art to be found in any of the buildings of the exposition. 

"The library, to the right of the rotunda on the second floor, is prob- 
ably the one room which will attract the most general commendation. 
With a strong light from the east side, the treatment in various tints of 
blue and mauve responds with beautiful effect. The ceiling, rich in original 
and elaborate relief design border, enclosing roses and leafage in bewilder- 
ing profusion, and with the high lights lit up with burnished gold, curves 
gracefully to the cove line and fades behind an entablature treated in old 
gold with burnished high lights. This entablature is supported by half 
pilasters of old English veined Italian marble, carrying gold capitals, while 
the wall panels between the pilasters are rich in gold ornaments thrown 
into prominence by a fainter tinge of azure background, the wall effect 
being completed by a wainscot of neutral — but warm — bronze green, shad- 
ing to maroon, to harmonize with the brocaded upholstery of the furniture. 



376 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



"Tile president's parlor, to the right of the stairway is a treatment in 
retiring and unpositive green. The ceiling is featured by an oval floral 
wreath intertwined in which is the modest flower of the old prairies of 
Iowa, while the ceiling space, retreating to the cove line of the walls and 
ceiling, imperceptibly fades into a more positive olive in the walls, creating 
a general effect which in the hot summertide of July and August will in- 
deed seem most cooling and refreshing. 

"The president's bedroom is in harmony with the parlor, and in the 
frieze is treated to a conscientious decoration of highly toned orchids and 
leaf ornamentation. The furniture is in perfect consonance with the deco- 
rative treatment. 

The Commissioners' executive room, to the north of the rotunda up- 
stairs, is an original and novel treatment in color; the ceiling blending 
in cerulean blue in the center and, shaded into a tan, fades behind the en- 
tablature. The decorative treatment of the ceiling is in ivory and gold. 

"The entablature and pilasters supporting it are in a pronounced 
lemon, treated with gold. The walls are brilliant in a tonal orange. The 
decorations are in the style of Louis XV and with old blue hangings." 



The flowers furnished from the Iowa State College Experiment Sta- 
tion at Ames for decorations on different occasions at the Iowa Building 
were gifts that were highly prized and greatly appreciated by the visitors 
to the state building. 



THE BIG MAP. 

The large map of Iowa, which was on exhibition in the Iowa Building 
and is now in the state capitol at Des Moines, was made to order for the 
state at large expense. In size it is 14x18 feet, engraved on stone and 




Ground Floor. 



ASSEMBIvY HAIvL, IOWA BUILDING. 
Showing Hubinger Map of Iowa, 14x18 ft., and Conover Grand Piano. 



THE IOWA BUILDING. 



377 



richly colored. It is a complete sectional map, and shows all important 
topographical features of the state, including timber, lakes, streams, cities, 
towns, villages, railroads, public highways, schoolhouses, etc. The pre- 
liminary work necessary to its publication was done by its publishers, the 
Iowa Publishing Company, of Davenport, under direction and supervision 
of M. Huebinger, C. E., in preparation for their new atlas of the state, 
which contains accurate and up-to-date topographical maps of every coun- 
ty in Iowa, together with other important features. This large map of the 
state was an attractive feature, and of great interest to all visitors at the 
Iowa Building during the exposition. 

So attractive was this map that it became necessary from the day it 
was installed to keep it well guarded to prevent it from being marred by 
umbrella and cane points in the hands of enthusiastic lowans pointing out 
the particular locality in which they resided at the present time or in days 
past. 



ACADEMY OF MUSIC. 

Mr. J. Howard Aubere, magazine writer and Washington correspond- 
ent of the "St. Louis Globe-Democrat," in an article for the "Plateau of 
States," a world's fair periodical, says: 

"Bounding one end of a plaza is the pretentious Iowa Building, in French 
Renaissance. Some have called it the "Academy of Music," for the mu- 
sical inclination of former Governor Larrabee has done much to bring it 
that reputation. There are twenty mechanical stuffed songbirds, which so 
carefully simulate the notes of the feathered songsters of the field as to 

deceive the unwary. Here, 
too, is a great pipe organ, 
loaned for the exposition 
period, and at its close to 
be made a gift to the In- 
dustrial School at Eldora 
by Governor Larrabee. The 
organ is there on the broad 
stair landing. Beside it sits 
a Conover piano, tuned to 
accord. Governor Larrabee 
has given two such organs 
to institutions in his state. 
It is due to these facilities, 
joined to the two other 
Conovers, one of them a 
grand in the assembly hall, 
that there are so many con- 
certs w' ich crowd the 
building. Money and pains 
IOWA BUII.DING. EAST ENTRANCE. have not been spared. The 

cathedral glass dome, the heroic proportions of the central court or lobby, 
the tapestry wall decorations of the Governor's room, the solid bronze 
statues to left and right of the main entrance, the comfortable library 
with its elaborate decorations, its great fireplaces and its bookcase filled 
with the works of more than three hundred Iowa authors, and its music 
cabinet containing only the sheets of Iowa composers, all show taste and 
the intent to make it distinctly monumental of the state. Here, on the 
second floor, in the room of the Executive Commissioners, is a splendid 
portrait in oil of Leslie M. Shaw, Secretary of the Treasury. There, in the 





THE PIPE ORGAN. 

Loaned by President and Mrs. Larrabee to the Iowa Building- during- the Exposition. 

Permanently Installed at the Iowa Industrial School for Boys, Eldora. 



GENEROSITY OF GOVERNOR AND MRS. LARRABEE. 379 

reception room is a bust by an Iowa sculptor of Governor Cummins, the 
state's chief executive." 

Generosity of Governor and Mrs. Larrabee. 

The report of the work of the Iowa Commission as compiled by the 
secretary would not be complete without acknowledgment being made of 
the magnificent gifts and service to the state by President and Mrs. Lar- 
rabee. Yet words are inadequate to express the feelings of appreciation 
for this labor of love prompted by patriotic devotion to the state. 

When Governor Larrabee was appointed first in a list of thirteen Com- 
missioners to represent the state, and was subsequently chosen as presi- 
dent, he not only appreciated the honor, but felt its responsibilities as 
well. What Governor Larrabee does, he does well and does it on time. 
While somewhat rigid in the conduct of public affairs, he is a patriot to 
the core, and has a heart as tender as a child's. The purse strings of the 
state, when in his charge, are held with a firm grip, while his own are 
not even tied. 

So when the Iowa Commission had appropriated the given amounts 
for construction and furnishing of the Iowa Building and to the depart- 
ments, and had provided for the maintenance of all during the exposition, 
there were yet remaining the problems of entertainment. It was Governor 
and Mrs. Larrabee who came to the rescue, providing personally the pipe 
organ and the mechanical singing birds, which added so much to the 
pleasure of the thousands of visitors. They also aided in the beautifying 
of the building by furnishing four bronze statues which adorned the front 
exterior, of General Sherman and Admiral Farragut, the work of George 
E. Bissell of New York; of General Dodge and Colonel Henderson, by J. 
Massey Rhind. 

On the interior Governor and Mrs. Larrabee assisted materially in the 
furnishings and decorations. Aside from the pipe organ and mechanical 
birds were four oil portraits of Lincoln, Grant, Sherman and Sheridan, by 
the famous artist, Colonel Thorp; the stuffed native birds of Iowa, and 
many other articles to complete the building according to their own ideas 
and to assist in carrying out the hopes of the Commission. The invest- 
ment made by them for these additions was greater than the amount pro- 
vided in the second appropriation of the General Assembly. It was in ex- 
cess of any donation made by anyone at the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion who was not interested in the financial outcome of the Exposition 
Company. They also contributed their time to the work of the Commis- 
sion in the management of the affairs and in looking after the comfort 
and entertainment of the visitors at the building. Moved by that energy 
which has been a characteristic of the family, they never tired in the 
work, and, except for a short intermission, were constantly on duty, and 
l)y their presence lent a dignity and standing to the state which it would 
not have otherwise had. The ability to carry on an enterprise of this 
■character successfully rests not so much in the providing of star per- 
formers as to be ready for emergencies. If everyone carried out their 
promises there would be no necessity for a committee on arrangements. 
Everyone is not so constituted, however. While in other places there 
w^ere many trying disappointments and failures in programs, at the Iowa 



380 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

Building, although, having more entertainments than any other building 
on the grounds, not a single failure occurred. If an address was needed 
to substitute for some orator who failed to keep his promise, or a visiting 
delegation of notables or plain citizens arrived unheralded for a reception,. 
Governor and Mrs. Larabee, when asked, were always willing, without 
preparation or notice, to take the place and make the best of what might 
often have proven a disagreeable situation. 

This was likewise true in regard to music, for Mrs. Larrabee or Miss- 
Anna Larrabee, in addition to their many other accomplishments, could 
be called upon to preside at the organ or to aid in the vocal music. Their 
work was not confined to the big things. The little courtesies extended 
to those in the building and to the thousands of visitors to the Iowa Build- 
ing are not matters which can be recorded, but will stand out in fond rec- 
ollection of those recipients of the favors. 



THE ORGAN. 

The contract for the construction of the pipe organ was awarded by 
President Larrabee to the M. P. Moller Organ Company, of Hagerstown, 
Maryland, and the instrument was complete in all its appointments. It was 
installed on time and the first recital given on the opening day of the fair. 

While not as large as the great organ in Festival Ha:ll, the largest in 
the world, it was capable of production of the same class of music, and 
with the same artistic effect. Many of the noted organists who had been 
engaged for Festival Hall used the Iowa pipe organ for practice and often 
for recitals. They found the acoustic properties of the Iowa Building per- 
fect in every respect, while the echo in Festival Hall brought about dis- 
agreeable results. 

The organ has two manuels, thirty stops, 1,512 pipes and nine pedal 
movements. The casing is of solid mahogany, the front pipes very hand- 
somely and fittingly decorated, adding a delightful finish to the building 
and its beautiful decorations. 

Disposition of Organ, Statues and Birds. 

At the close of the fair the organ was shipped to Eldora, Iowa, and 
has been erected in the State Industrial School for Boys, to whom it was 
presented by Governor and Mrs. Larrabee. With appropriate ceremonies 
it was dedicated by the state officers, May 19, 1905. 

The bronze statues of General Sherman, Admiral Farragut and Gen- 
eral Dodge were shipped to Clermont, where they will be placed in the 
public parks. The original of the Colonel Henderson statue is already 
there. The plaster cast which was used at the Iowa Building was sent 
to the State Historical Department at Des Moines, where it will be re- 
erected. 

Some of the cages of mechanical singing birds were distributed among 
various state institutions by Governor and Mrs. Larrabee. 



SOME STATE SONGS. 



381 




STATE SONGS. 

It was the aim of the Iowa Commission to co-operate with and assist 
foreign and state commissions when the opportunity presented itself in the 
celebration of their national or state days. The Iowa Building would be 
decorated in honor of the days celebrated on the Plateau of States and 
parts of the musical programs were devoted to the national or state airs 
of the commissions celebrating and special attention given to the visitors 

on such occasions. 

Practically every nation has a na- 
tional air which has become standard 
because of its adaptation and years 
service. Few states, however, can 
claim a recognized state air or hymn 
and it is unfortunate that at this uni- 
versal exposition no effort was made 
to establish the claims of states to 
particular hymns. 

While "Der Tannenbaum," an old 
German hymn, was early appropri- 
ated by Maryland and universally 
credited as the official state song of 
that state, other states use it and de- 
pend upon the lung power of the vo- 
calists to firmly establish it. Mary- 
land, however, makes the claim of 
first discovery and use in America. 
Michigan on its state day made the park ring with its rendition, and 
if the jury of awards had passed on the matter, Michigan would certainly 
have won upon that occasion. 

Upon Iowa Day, however, previous claims to proprietorship were 
dwarfed into insignificance, and Iowa led. 

The rendition of this old-time hymn on Maryland Day, however, may 
not have shown the vigor or strenuousness of Michigan and Iowa, but the 
sentiment and feeling expressed showed plainly that Maryland would 
never give up the ownership of this tune, which has lived in the hearts of 
the people of that state through many trying scenes for many decades. 

Illinois and Ohio have each appropriated the once popular air of 
"Baby Mine" for state hymns, and no effort was made to settle the claim. 
A few states only have distinctly recognized state songs. 
Commissioner James W. Cockrum presented a resolution passed by 
the Indiana Commission expressing the appreciation of the courtesy that 
was shown on Indiana Day by the rendition on the pipe organ of such 
selections as "On the Wabash" and other Hoosier airs. 

Col. R. E, Hughes of the Kentucky Commission, in a letter, conveyed 
the thanks of the Kentucky Commission for the rendition of "My Old Ken- 
tucky Home" and "She Was Bred in Old Kentucky" on the pipe organ on 
Kentucky Day. 

Mr. J. C. Rembert, of the Arkansas Commission, and Miss Lizzie Cage. 



THE CONOVER GRAND PIANO. 
In Assembly Room. 



382 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



hostess, delivered their thanks in person for the organ selection of the 
"Arkansas Traveler" on Arkansas Day. 

Hon. Albert Jones of the Maryland Commission presented the thanks 
of his Commission for the selection of "My Maryland" on the pipe organ 
on Maryland Day. In fact, so careful was Mr, Jones and the hostess of the 
Maryland Building, Mrs. Parks Fisher, with her brother, Admiral Schley, 
in guarding the tune, that they frequently commented on the honor Iowa 
paid Maryland by the frequent rendition of its state song. 

While the Towner-Hussey song, "Iowa Beautiful Land," was frequent- 
ly used, it has not had the circulation among the schools of the state that 
was given Major Byers' arrangement by the State Superintendent. The 
younger generation who visited the exposition were as greatly surprised 
to hear what they claimed as their "Iowa" song at the Maryland and 
Michigan buildings as Maryland people were to hear it at the Iowa Build- 
ing. 

It is to be hoped that at the next great universal ex;position some- 
thing will be done towards the classification and establishment of star.e 
songs. 



MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENTS. 

In addition to the regular daily organ 
recitals at 9:30 a. m. and 4:30 p. m., by 
Mason Slade, many other musical entertain- 
ments were provided, which included some 
of the best artists in the country. In this 
list are the following: 

Organists. 

Mason Slade, organist. 
Miss Anna Larrabee, assistant. 
June 14, 1904. — Mrs. Mary Chappell 
Fisher, Rochester, N. Y. 

July 4, 1904. — Mr. Harry Dyer Jackson^ 
Quincy, 111. 

July 14.^^Miss Lillian Hughes, Oska- 
loosa, Iowa. 

July 16. — Miss Gertrude Branigan, Dav- 
enport, Iowa. 

July 26.— Mr. G. H. Fairclouh, St. Paul, 
Minn. 

August 15. — Mr. Bertram Smith Web- 
ber, Chicago, 111. 
September 1. — Mr. Bertram Smith Webber, Chicago, 111. 
October 6.— Miss Effie Murdock, Chicago, 111. 
October 10. — Mrs. Flora Bate Kenney, Emporia, Kan. 
October 18. — Mrs. lone Riddle Ogle, St. Louis. 
October 20.— Mrs. E. H. Talbott, New York City. 
November 17. — Mr. Paul Witte, Louisville, Ky. 
November 18. — Mr. Harrison Wild, Chicago, 111, 
November 22.— Mr. O. P. Condon, St. Louis, Mo. 




MASON SLADE, 
Organist Iowa Building 



MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENTS. 383 

Pianists. 

June 18. — Everett Olive, Inclianola, Iowa. 

July 4. — Professor Frank Nagel, Des Moines, Iowa. (Thanatopsis read 
by Mrs. Nagel and accompanied by Professor Nagel on piano.) 

September. — Miss May Kemp, Des Moines, Iowa, rendering the "Lin- 
coln March," the composition of her grandfather, Mr. Edward Cox Davis, 
who was present upon this occasion. 

October 8. — Mme. Anna Weiss, Chicago, 111. 

October 11. — Miss Adah Harris, Des Moines. 

November 12. — Mr. Cady Kenney, Waverly, Iowa. 

November 25. — Miss Edith Steckel, Bloomfield, Iowa. 

Viloinist. 
June 18. — Miss Winfred Coulson, Indianola, Iowa. 

Cornet. 
Mr. T. Fred Henry, Des Moines, 

Flute. 
August 25. — Mr. Frank H. Adams, Audubon. 

Readers. 

May 23.— Mrs. H. C. Gibson, Little Rock, Ark. 

July 4. — Mrs. Frank Nagel, Des Moines. 

Bands. 

May 2, 1903. — Fifty-fourth Regiment Band, I. N. G., Ottumwa. 

June 17-18, 1904. — Simpson College Band, Indianola. 

July 4. — Weil's Band, St. Louis. 

September 9. — Fifty-sixth Regiment Band, Fort Dodge. 

Vocalists. 

April 30, 1904.— Opening Day. 

May 21. — Miss Donna Easley, New York City, vocal solo. 

May 28-31. — Mrs. Charles Phillip Fanck, Burlington, vocal solo. 

May 30. — Miss Grace Lyons, New York, vocal solo. 

June 2-13. — Mrs. Charles Phillip Funck, Burlington, vocal recital. 

June 16-17, Iowa Days. — Soloists, Arthur Middleton, Indianola; Miss 
Bertha Sloan, Indianola; Mrs. Bertha Lincoln Heustis, Dubuque; Luzerne 
H. Peck, St. Louis. 

June 20. — Miss Bertha Sloan, Indianola, vocal solo. 

June 23. — Mrs. Charles Phillip Funck, Burlington, vocal recital. 

June 28. — Mrs. Dwight J. Norton, Jr., Washington, Iowa, vocal recital. 

July 4. — L. H. Peck, St. Louis, vocal solo; Mrs. Professor Frank Nagel, 
Des Moines, soprano. 

July 10. — John W. Nichols, New York. 

July 13. — Dubuque Choral Club Concert; soloists, Bertha Lincoln 
Heustis, Mark Lagen, Maud Marshall, Ida May Vivian Grant, Hortense 
Pontius, Marion Green. 

July 14. — Miss Alice Frances Stire, Logan, whistling recital. 

July 25. — Mrs. Dr. Haverstick, St. Louis, vocal recital. 

July 27. — Mr. Frederick Vance Evans, Des Moines, vocal recital. 

July 28. — Miss Irene Mitchell, St. Louis^ vocal recital. 

August 19. — Mrs. Amelia Schmidt Gobble, Muscatine, vocal recital. 



384 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

October 8. — Wm. A. Willett, baritone, Chicago; Mme. Weiss, pianist, 
recital. 

October 20. — Maud Eldridge, Des Moines. 

October 22. — Ida Porter, Hampton. 

October 29. — Miss Adda Blakeslee, Des Moines, vocal recital; Mr. and 
Mrs. C. M. Keeler, solos. 

November 18. — Blanche Gilson, Knoxville, vocal recital. 

November 22. — M. Alfred Bertrand, St. Louis. 
November 25. — Miss Mildred Steckel, Bloomfield. 

Sunday Programs. 

Mason Slade, organist; Mr. Luzerne H, Peck, soloist, assisted by the 
following : 

May 22, 1904. — Mrs. Frederick Allen Whiting, Boston, vocal. 

May 29-June 19. — Miss Bertha Sloan, Indianola, contralto. 

June 5. — Miss Donna Easley and Miss Grace Lyons, soloists, New 
York. 

June 26. — Robert Turner, Des Moines, baritone. 

July 17. — Miss E. F. Pierce, Boston, with Mrs. J. Ellen Foster. 

October 16. — Mr. and Mrs. C. M. Keeler, of Minneapolis, soloists. 

November 6. — Master Wyatt Brodix, St. Louis, soprano soloist. 

November 19. — Miss Marie Chambers, Des Moines, soloist. 



HOSPITALITY EXTENDED. 

Several of the states having representation at the exposition, yet 
without state buildings or with buildings not sufficiently commodious for 
entertainments contemplated, were tendered the use of the Iowa Building 
for any and all such functions, as they might see fit. 

Acknowledgements were received and letters of gratitude expressed 
from the following: 

H. G. Shedd, Secretary Nebraska Commission. 

Paul Wilson, Commissioner in charge of Colorado. 

H. H. Brimley, Commissioner General for North Carolina, and Charles 
B. Aycock, Governor of North Carolina. 

The Kansas Commission passed resolutions of thanks to the Iowa 
Commission for the use of the building for the Kansas Day reception. 

When fire destroyed the beautiful Missouri Building, the Iowa Com- 
mission imediately tendered the use of the Iowa Building to Missouri offi- 
cials and grateful acknowledgements by the Missouri Commission were 
expressed. 



ADDRESSES AT SUNDAY SERVICES. 

May 29, 1904. — Mr. Claude C. Ball, president Y. M. C. A. Lyceum, 
Providence, R. I. 

June 19. — Rev. Jesse Cole, Marshalltown, chaplain Soldiers' Home. 
July 17. — Mrs. J. Ellen Foster. 
August 7. — Stacey B. Rankin, Ohio. 
August 14. — Speaker George W. Clark, Adel. 



CONVENTIONS AND REUNIONS. 385 

August 28. — Major John F. Lacey, Oskaloosa. 

September 25. — Hon. J. O. Crosby. 

November 6. — Mrs. William Larrabee, "Music and the Fair." 

November 27. — Closing service. Col. A. H. Winchester of West Vir- 
ginia. 

Addresses were also delivered, when present, by Commissioners Lar- 
rabee, Witmer, Palmer, Trewin, Ericson and Governor Cummins. 



DUBUQUE CHORAL CLUB. 

The Dubuque Choral Club, numbering 100 voices, appeared at the Iowa 
Building on Wednesday, July 13, at 4:30, in the following program: 

Conductor, William H. Pontius. 

And the Glory of the Lord (Handel). 

God Is Our Refuge (Buck), Dubuque Choral Club. 

Sound an Alarm (Handel), Mr. Marc Lagen, tenor. 

O, Gladsome Light (Sullivan), Dubuque Choral Club. 

Song of Thanksgiving (Allitsen), Miss Ida M. V. Grant, soprano. 

Come Away (Parker), Dubuque Choral Club. 

Border Ballad (Cowen), Marion Green, basso cantante. 

The Heavens Are Telling (Haydn), Dubuque Choral Club. 

Scene and Prayer, "Der Freischutz" (Von Weber), Mrs. Bertha Lin- 
coln Huestis, soprano. 

Bridal Chorus (Cowen), Dubuque Choral Club. 

Polonaise from "Mignon" (Thomas), Maude M. Marshall, soprano. 

Sing the Lord (Haydn), Mrs. Heustis, soprano; Hortense Pontius,, 
contralto; Marc Lagen, tenor; Marion Green, bass, and club. 

Accompanists — Mrs. W. H. Pontius, pipe organ; Katherine Jess, piano. 

For this entertainment Representative A. F. Frudden of Dubuque made 
a liberal contribution and asked the Commission to call on him at an.v 
time for further aid in presenting Iowa's musical talent. 

The concert given by the Dubuque Choral Club at Festival Hall, like 
the one at the Iowa Building, was creditable in every way and was heartily 
received by press and people. 



CONVENTIONS AND REUNIONS. 

Many organizations used the Iowa Building for a meeting place. In 
addition to those regularly organized many committees from the national 
conventions meetings at Festival Hall or the Hall of Congresses were held 
in the Iowa Building. 

Among the conventions which met at the Iowa Building were the fol- 
lowing: 

November 17, 1903. — Southern Iowa Press Association; L. S. Robin- 
son, Glenwood, president; O. E. Hull, Leon, secretary. 

May 16-23, 1904. — Iowa Press Association; C. M. Junkin, Fairfield, 
president; O. E. Hull, Leon, secretary. 

May 18. — Iowa Federation of Women's Clubs, G. F. W. C; Mrs. J. J. 
Fletcher, Marshalltown, president. 



386 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



^^MUSll&^Si,' 



May 30. — ^lowa soldiers' reunion. (See Me- 
morial Day.) 

June 6. — Reunion Iowa West Point Cadets. 

June 27. — Iowa State Teachers, N. E. A.; 

A. V. Storms, director, Iowa State University 

rally day. President Geo. E. MacLean, Iowa 

City, presiding. 

August 24. — National Real Estate Associa- 
tion; L. L. Byram, Des Moines, secretary. 
August 31. — Tyler family reunion. 
September 7-8. — Nineteenth Iowa Regi- 
ment Association, forty-second anniversary 
first visit to St. Louis; John S. Ragsdale, Bir- 
mingham, president; E. H. Thomas, Ottumwa, 
secretary. 

September 7. — Brigham family reunion. 
October 12. — Illinois Central Land Agents' Association; J. F. Merry, 
chairman. 

October 17-22. — Iowa Library Association; Mrs. H. J. Howe, Marshall- 
town, president; W. P. Payne, Nevada, vice president; Miss Miriam E. 
Carey, Burlington, secretary. 

October 20. — International Missionary Convention. 




MRS. J. L. V^ALLINGFORD 

Des Moines, 

Assistant Secretary. 



SOCIAL. 

The social features of the exposition were established early as proper 
representation of a state, territory and nation at a world's fair. The Iowa 
Commission took its part in a modest way, and provided probably more 
social affairs in its building than any other Commission except Missouri. 

The Iowa Building was suitably arranged for such purposes and was 




U. S. SENATOR WM. B. ALLISON GIVEN RECEPTION AT THE IOWA BUILDING. 

Reading from left to rig-ht, Senator Allison, Miss Anna Larrabee, Mrs. F. R. Conaway, Mrs. Wm. 
Larrabee, Prof. David T. Day, U. S. Geological Survey, and Mining- Commissioner Lewis and Clark 
Exposition. 



SOME SOCIAL FEATURES. 



387 



used by the Executive Commissioners, the organization of state and for- 
eign Commissions, more tlian any other building for its official receptions. 
The first and third Monday evenings of the month the Iowa Building 
was always open for informal reception to all Iowa visitors and the vari- 
ous Commissions on the grounds and their friends. 

Among the social affairs at the Iowa Building were the following: 

November 17, 1903. — Luncheon 
to Southern Iowa Editors. 

May 16, 1904. — Informal recep- 
tion to fair officials and state and 
foreign Commissioners. 

May 19. — Reception by Iowa 
club women attending G. F. W. C; 
Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of 
Agriculture, and President David 
R. Francis, guests of honor. 

May 20. — Reception to Iowa 
Press Association. 

May 23. — Informal reception to 
Iowa women, prominent in club 
movements and developments. 

May 30. — Campfire, with ad- 
dresses and musical program and 
reception. 

June 6. — On this evening a re- 
TT o ^ 1 ^ Tv^ A ,1, . TTT o 1 . ceptiou was given to the West 

U. S. Consul and Mrs. Albert W. Swalm at 

South Hampton, Engriand. of Oskaioosa, la., Point Cadets from lowa who were 

receive friends at the Iowa Building-. ,, ,. ,, ... „ ,, 

attending the exposition as follows: 
G. R. Allin, Iowa City; Frederick Test, Council Bluffs; G. F. N. Dailey, 
Council Bluffs; Gerald Brant, Chariton; Adelne Gibson, Oskaioosa; J. A. 
Green, Cherokee; Mr. Howard, Fairfield; Mr. Hansen, Forest City; Mr. 
Lund, Cedar Falls; Joseph C. King, Muscatine. 

June 16-17. — Iowa Days; ceremonies and reception by Governor and 
staff and state officers and Commissioners. 

June 18. — P. E. O. reception. National Convention entertained; infor- 
mal reception to Secretary of Treasury Leslie M. Shaw, former Governor 
of Iowa. 

June 27. — Reception to Iowa teachers attending N. E. A. 

July 4. — Celebration and reception to delegates to National Demo- 
cratic Convention. 

July 13. — Dubuque Choral Club, concert and reception. 

July 26. — Reception for Elks attending grand lodge. 

August 1. — Executive Commissioners' reception. 

August 15. — Surprise reception by Executive Commissioners' Associa- 
tion, in honor of fifteenth wedding anniversary of Secretary and Mrs. 
Conaway. 

September 12. — Executive Commissioners' reception. 

September 30. — Kansas State Day, ball held in Iowa Building, 

October 11. — Reception to visiting D. A. R.'s. 




388 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

October 18. — Reception to Iowa Library Association, Sculptor J. Mas- 

sey Rhind and wife. 

October 20.— Reception to International Missionary Convention of 

Christian Church. 

November 18.— Party to Daughters of the Louisiana Purchase Expos?- 

November 20.— Reception tendered Senator William B. Allison in Gov- 
ernor's parlor. . .. . 

November 24.— Thanksgiving dinner by President and Mrs. LarralDee. 

December 1.— Farewell party at Iowa Stat© Building to Executive Com- 
missioners' Association, in honor of Charles M. Reeves, chief of the de- 
partment of domestic exploitation. 

On the evening of December 7, 1904, at the conclusion of the exposi- 
tion, Commissioner W. W. Witmer, chairman of the executive committee, 
entertained the Commissioners and ladies at dinner at the Savery House. 
Mr. Witmer presided as toastmaster and after-dinner speeches were made 
by Governor Cummins, President Larrabee, Commissioners Curtis, Leach, 
Palmer, Mrs. Howe, Mrs. Baily, Senator Ericson, Commissioner Whiting, 
Lafe Young, Jr., and Secretary and Mrs. Conaway. 

The wives and families of the Commissioners added much to the so- 
^cial features at the Iowa Building, and to these the secretary and hostess 
wish to extend thanks, and especially to the following: 

Mrs. Albert B. Cummins, wife of the Governor of Iowa, Des Moines. 

Mrs. William Larrabee, wife of former Governor of Iowa and president 
of the Commission, and Miss Larrabee, Clermont. 

Mrs. W. W. Witmer, wife of chairman of the executive committee, an*} 
the Misses Witmer, Des Moines. 

Mrs. Leroy A. Palmer, Mt. Pleasant. 

Mrs. George M. Curtis, Clinton. 

Mrs. W. F. Harriman, Hampton. 

Miss Rachel Updegraff, McGregor. 

Mrs. James H. Trewin, Cedar Rapids. 

Mrs. S. S. Carruthers and daughter, Bloomfield. 

Mrs. S. M. Leach and daughter, Adel. 

Mrs. S. Bailey, Mt. Ayr. 

Mrs. W. T. Shepherd, Harlan. 

Miss Lorena Ericson, Boone. 

Mrs. Will C. Whiting, Whiting. 

Mrs. W. H. Baily, Des Moines; Mrs. H. J. Howe, Marshalltown; Mrs 
H. E. Deemer, Red Oak, members of the auxiliary committee. 



The Hostesses 

Miss Anita Moore, staff writer for the "St. Louis Republic," in a sp© 
cial article on state buildings, June 12, 1904, says: 

"As far as the social life of the several state buildings is concerned, 
there is no 'Four-hundredism' at the world's fair. There is no north, no 
south, no east and no west in the Terrace of States buildings — Mississippi, 
Iowa and New Jersey are together; Massachusetts, Minnesota, Ohio a.n(? 



THE HOSTESSES. 



389 



Kansas are side by side; Arkansas and Connecticut share front yards; 
Georgia, Tennessee, Idaho, Virginia and Illinois are next-door neighbors; 
Texas, Michigan, Kentucky and South Dakota are close enough to talk 
across back fences or front porches. There is no Mason and Dixon line. 

"The social life at the fair is typical of the change of conditions in 
the entire country since April, 18G5. The most cordial relations exist 
between the Commissioners and the ladies from the various states and be- 
tween the official hostesses for the state buildings. 

"There is a constant interchange of official courtesies and a still more 
frequent exchange of informal visits, hurried and friendly chats, invita- 
tions to dine. It is like a big suburban village, where everybody is on 
the same social plane and where everybody likes everybody else. In fact, 
the social relations and the social customs among the state buildings are 
lessons in the art agreeable that deserve study. 

"Almost every night there is either a formal or an informal reception 
at one or the other of the state buildings, and the Commissioners and hos- 
tesses and other members of the official state families do not wait for in- 
vitations, but go and are made welcome. 

"There is a slight difference in the positions taken by the hostesses 
as to how often they must be 'at home,' but when they are at home they 
are agreeably ready for callers. Some of them appear to feel that their 
duty to their states requires them to be constantly on duty, while others 
insist upon having one or two afternoons a week for themselves and for 
the reception of personal guests. 

"At its easiest the life of a world's fair hostess is not a sinecure, for 
she is constantly, all day and late into the night, busy being agreeable, 
and she finds little time to even sit down for a rest." 

..,.,.„._ The hostesses effected an or- 

ganization, of which Mrs. Parks 
Fisher, sister of Admiral W. S. 
Schley, and hostess of the Mary- 
land Building, was president. The 
following is a list of the hostesses 
of the several state buildings: 

Arizona, Miss Jessie Drais, 
Prescott. 

Alaska, Mrs. Mary Hart, Nome 
City. 

Arkansas, Miss Lizzie Cage, 
Helena. 

California, Mrs. Frank Wig- 
gins, Los Angeles; Mrs. J. A. Filch- 
er. The Gables, San Francisco. 
Colorado, Mrs. Josiah Hughes. 
Connecticut, Mrs. C. C. Mon- 
son, 1 Hillhouse Ave., New Haven. 
Georgia, Mrs. John Hughes, At- 
lanta, 
Inside Inn, Mrs. Georgiana K. Prince, Buffalo, N. Y. 
Idaho, Miss Anna Sonna, Boise; Miss Genevieve Vollmer, Lewiston. 
Indiana, No regular hostess; different ladies of the state serving in 
that capacity when invited to do so by the Commission. 

Indian Territory, being a government building, had no regular hos- 
tess, but the Commissioner, Mr. F. C. Hubbard, a bachelor, presided in 
that capacity. 




MRS. PARKS FISHER. Baltimore, Md 
President Hostess Association. 




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THE HOSTESSES. 391 

Iowa, Mrs. F. R. Conaway, Des Moines. 

Illinois, Mrs. Governor Yates and wives of Commissioners. 

Kansas, Mrs. Noble Prentis, Topeka. 

Kentucky, Mrs. Bertha Miller-Smith. 

Louisiana, Mrs. W. C. Stubbs, Audubon Park, New Orleans. 

Maine, Mrs. E. E. Philbrook, Portland. 

Maryland, Mrs. Parks Fisher, The Brexton, Baltimore. 

Massachusetts, Mrs. W. H. Fairbank, Warren. 

Michigan, Mrs. Fred Smith, Detroit; Miss Ida M. Dowdell, 2021 North 
Madison Ave., Bay City. 

Minnesota, Miss Adelaide G. Murphy, 613 Second Ave., St. Cloud. 

Missouri, Mrs. Belle Small, 423 West Broadway, Sedalia; Mrs. Emma 
D. Nucholls, Jefferson City. 

Mississippi, Mrs. Gracia Walton, Greenville. 

Montana, Mrs. Addie McDowell, Helena. 

New Jersey, Mrs. Geo. L. Wall, care of T. S. Crane, 70 Nassau st, 
New York. 

New Mexico, Mrs. Sallie Douglass, Las Vegas. 

New York, Mrs. Dore Lyons, New York City; Mrs. Florence Appleby, 
Wellsville. 

Nevada, Mrs. H. E. Freudenthal, Pioche. 

Ohio, Mrs. Stacey B. Rankin, South Charleston. 

Oklahoma, Mrs. Edgar B. Marchant, Aline. 

Oregon, Miss Ethel G, Wehrung, Hillsboro. 

Pennsylvania, Mrs. Thomas H. Garvin, Sharon Hill. 

Rhode Island, Mrs. Geo. N. Kingsbury, Providence. 

South Dakota, Mrs. George Farmer, Madison. 

Tennessee, Mrs. Rachel Laurence, Nashville. 

Texas, Twenty-one hostesses, beginning with Mrs. L. S. Thorne, of 
Dallas, wife of the general manager of the Texas Pacific Railroad, and a 
native lowan; Mrs. Roger Q. Mills, and Mrs. J. B. Wells, Brownsville, and 
Mrs. Wm. Christian of Houston. 

Utah, Miss Inez Thomas; Miss Cora Helen Snyder. 

Virginia, Mrs. W. M. Strothers. 

West Virginia, Mrs. Agnes Brown, 2227 Chaplain St., Wheeling. 

Wisconsin, Mrs. Emma J. Walsh, Baraboo. 

Kansas City Casino, Miss Hester Barnhart, Kansas City. 



Iowa People In Positions 

The Iowa Commission had applications from at least 1,000 people de- 
siring places with the Iowa exhibits, on the Jefferson Guards, or at the 
gates. Most of the applicants stated they were not particular as to the 
kind of work secured, so that an opportunity was given for seeing the ex- 
position. It was impossible to secure places for but a very limited number. 
The exposition management felt itself under such obligations to the mem- 
bers of congress who had secured appropriations and loans for the fair 
that the available places, which were much less in number than originally 



392 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

contemplated, were filled for these political reasons. The examination for 
guard duty, being a rigid military one, many were unable to pass it after 
securing an appointment. 

Iowa was very much in evidence at the exposition, either by present 
residents or by former lowans. Many of these were invited to important 
places by the government or the exposition; others were secured in the 
regular way by making application and presenting the necessary endorse- 
ments. 

The representation was creditable to the state. 



lOWANS AND FORMER lOWANS CONNECTED WITH THE EXPOSI- 
TION IN AN OFFICIAL CAPACITY. 

Board of Lady Managers. — Mrs. W. E. Andrews, Washington, D. C. 
(former lowan) ; Mrs. Frederick M. Hanger, Little Rock, Ark. (former 
lowan). 

National Commission. — Senator Thomas W. Carter, Montana (former 
lowan). 

Exposition Officials. — Chas. M. Huttig, St. Louis (former lowan), sixth 
vice president Louisiana Purchase Exposition; Frederick W. Lehmann, 
St. Louis (former lowan), member board or directors; Dr. WJ McGee, St. 
Louis (former lowan), chief anthropology department; Frederick W. Tay- 
lor, St. Louis (former lowan), chief agriculture and horticulture; Prof. J. 
T. Stinson (former lowan), superintendent of pomology; George S. Prime, 
Oskaloosa, superintendent of swine. 

Secretary's Office. — J. S. Crawford, Cherokee; Harold Young, Des 
Moines. 

Educational Department. — Miss Minnie Bronson, Fayette; Miss Nellie 
G. Warren, Greenfield; Miss Maude Gilcrist (former lowan), Ann Arbor, 
Mich. 

Judges. — Mrs. W. G. Harrow, Ottumwa, juror; Dr. B. F. Shambaugh, 
Iowa City, anthropology; M. J. Wragg, Waukee, juror, horticulture; C. L. 
Watrous, Des Moines, juror, horticulture; G. B. Brackett, Denmark, juror, 
horticulture; W. N. Irwin, Ames, juror, horticulture; Prof. P. G. Holden, 
Ames, com judging and demonstrations; P. H. Kieffer, Manchester^ butter 
scorer; C. D. Elder, Manchester, executive commissioner Buttermakers' 
Association; H. J. Neitert, Walker, president National Buttermakers' As- 
sociation; Prof. C. F. Curtiss, Ames, judge, Aberdeen cattle and Shrop- 
sire sheep, also dairy cow test;* Mr. Van Pelt, Ames, I. S. C, and Ramsey 
Oppenheim, Ames, I. S. C, assistants in dairy cow test; George Rommel, 
Mt. Pleasant, cattle judging; W. A. Dobson, Marion, juror, German coach 
horses; Prof. S. A. Beach, I. S. C, Ames, juror in horticulture and lecturer 
on grape breeding experiments. 

Art Palace. — Mrs. R. A. Patchin, Des Moines, cataloguer; Mr. Moran, 
Des Moines, guide and lecturer. 

*Professor Curtiss was also' appointed judge of Clydesdales and juror 
of agricultural exhibits, also judge by three other breed associations, but, 
owing to the dates conflicting with the Iowa State Fair, was unable, to 
serve. 



IOWA PEOPLE IN POSITIONS. 393 

Philippine Exhibit. — Mark H. Evans, Bloomfield, collector of imports 
and exports, Philippine exhibit, and manager Filipino midgets. 

Government Appointees. — Robert Fullerton, Des Moines, United States 
disbiirser; E. W. Appleman, Clermont, United States Mail Service; W. H. 
Harford, Brooklyn, N. Y. (former lowan), Customs Department; Stough- 
ton Armstrong, Polk City, Customs D3partment; Geo. D. Robinson (former 
lowan), assistant collector customs under Treasury Department; Professor 
Marston, Ames, civil engineering experiments; Prof. C. F. Curtiss, Ames, 
member special committee of United States Agricultural Colleges. 

(See also "Iowa at the World's Fair.") 

Commissioners. — Hon. J. A. Filcher, California (former lowan); Hon. 
Hoyt Sherman, Utah (former lowan) ; Governor Ferguson, of Oklahoma 
(native lowan) ; Senator R. T. Simmons, Kansas (former lowan) ; Hon. J. 
C Morrow, Kansas (former lowan) ; Hon. E. H. Talbot, honorary member 
Mexican Commission and superintendent of exhibits, Palace of Varied In- 
dustries (former lowan). 

Exposition and Concession Employes. — Forrest Adams, Mt. Vernon, 
concessions department; Irving J. Buck, Grinnell, landscape department; 
A. J. Barker, Reinbeck, chair guide; Bell, Bloomfield, guard; James A. 
Buell, I. S. C, Ames ,guard; Ruel P. Camp, Fayette, guard; Frank Camp, 
West Union, guard; Archie R. Crawford, Cherokee, newspaper work; 
Chester Dickinson, Tipton, guard; Preston Daniels, Marion, guard; W. S. 
Gurnea, Iowa Falls, inspector; Edward Goddell, Lisbon, guard; Henry 
Grant, Waterloo, automobile company; Paul Houghton, Hedrick, guard; 
Guy Hood, Glidden, concessions department; Merrill J. Holmes, Red Oak, 
gatekeeper; Gladden Hall, Red Oak, guard; Cyrus Hillis, Des Moines, ad- 
missions department; Harold W. Holman, Independence, Terminal Rail- 
way; Ralph N. Hill, Bloomfield, guard; Robert Keith, Des Moines, guard; 
Mrs. Grace D. Lattin, Marshalltown, cashier "Creation;" R. L. Lillibridge, 
Mason City, Jerusalem exhibit; R. C. McMillen, Red Oak, floral construc- 
tion; McKeon, Muscatine, gateman; Fred Meyers, Winthrop, land- 
scape department; Monte Pike, Williamsburg, guard; Louis Palmer, ML 
Pleasant, guard; Will L. Powers, Mt. Vernon, chair guide; Roy Peshak, 
guard; Phillips, Ottumwa, lecturer, "Battle Abbey;" Earl Plank, 
Pulaski, guard; Arthur Rigby, Mt. Vernon, chair guide; James Stinson, 
Red Oak, gardener; John Smart, Grinnell, landscape department; Charles 
Swinehart, Greenfield, guard; Edward Stinson, Red Oak, concessions de- 
partment; Carl Steinke, Atlantic, guard; Sturch, Fayette, guard; 
George Thompson, Earlham, guard; T. A. Thompson, Clermont, guard; 
Vaughn, Council Bluffs, guard; Will Wilson, Atlantic, gateman; 
Rhea West, Mt. Vernon, guide; Silas Wilson, Jr., Atlantic, ticket taker; 
Harold A. Willard, Mt. Vernon, concessions department; Mr. and Mrs. S. 
T, Wallace, Bloomfield, Philippine exhibit; Will F. Saam, Lansing, in 
charge of roller chairs. 

Demonstrators. — George Adams, Sidney, Adams & Co.; Lee De For- 
est, New Haven (former lowan), wireless telegraphy; West Dodd, Des 
Moines, Dodd & Struthers; Rose Flynn, Cedar Rapids, Palmer method 
business writing; Major E. M. Ford, Des Moines, Woven Wire Rubber Co., 
New York; H. W. Grout, Waterloo, Grout automobiles, Massachusetts; 



394 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Mr. and Mrs. Will Ogle, Waterloo, Herrick Refrigerator Co.; Leroy Por- 
ter, Fayette, National Cash Register Co.; Ned Pratt, Milwaukee (former 
lowan), Milwaukee Gas Plant; Earl Stutts, Des Moines, Dodd & Strutli- 
ers; A. C. Struthers, Des Moines, Dodd & Struthers; Frank Sullivan, Fair- 
field, Louden Machinery Co.; F. C. Squires, St. Louis (former lowan), 
Herrick Refrigerator Co.; J. A. Wheeler, Waterloo, advertising southern 
country, Illinois Central Railway; Myrtle Whistler, Des Moines, Mines 
and Metallurgy Building; Oscar Wentworth Rogers, New York (former 
lowan), electrical appliances; H. C. Warner (former lowan), South Dakota 
exhibits ; John Cook, West Union, excursion agent Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul Railway; Miss Nancy McKinley, Clermont, Blickendorf type- 
writer. 

John H. McGibbons, of Sioux City, sec- 
retary of the Superior Jury, one of the most 
important and responsible positions at the 
exposition, being the active director of the 
work of the International Jury (1,300 mem- 
bers), and in charge of the preparation and 
issuing of 52,000 diplomas and medals, all 
of which will be distributed within one year 
after the close of the exposition. At Chicago 
and Paris this work did not begin until one 
year after the close of the expositions. At 
the time of the issuance of this report the 
diplomas have all been issued. The medals 
will soon follow. All medals are of the 
same metal. 

The medals of award were struck at 
the government mint in Philadelphia for 
the exposition under special act of Con- 
gress. Dies were prepared in the highest 
degree of the engraver's skill. The alloy which enters into the composi- 
tion of the medals was made especially for the exposition after samples 
were submitted and passed upon by expert medalists. The striking of the 
medals, nothwithstanding the resources of the government for this kind of 
work, had to proceed carefully and slowly to insure perfect results. As 
the medals were received from the mint they were distributed by the ex- 
position in accordance with the awards, without cost to the recipients, 

A list of Iowa exhibitors will be found in the report of Manufactures 
and Machinery. 

The Exposition Company offered a prize for the best exposition em- 
blem. Many thousand schemes were presented, but the one found to be 
the most appropriate was that offered by Mr. Charles HoUoway of Clinton, 
Iowa, 




JOHN H. McGIBBONS, 

Sioux Citj', 
Secretary Committee of Awards- 



IOWA TALENT ON EXPOSITION PROGRAMS. 

May 18, 1904.— Addresses at G. F. W. C. by Mrs. J. G. Berryhill, Des 
Moines; Mrs. A. B. Shaw, Des Moines; Mrs. T. J. Fletcher, Marshall town. 



IOWA PEOPLE ON PROGRAMS. 395 

May 30, Memorial Day. — Addresses by General John W. Noble, St. 
Louis; General J. H. Stibbs, Chicago; D. W. Haddock, St. Louis (Thirty- 
third Iowa) ; President Larrabee, Clermont. 

June 15-16, National Society Sons of American Revolution. — Addresses 
by H. B. Hawley, Des Moines; Major E. D. Hadley, Des Moines. 

June 18, P. E. O. Convention. — Address by Mrs. W. E. Andrews, now 
of Washington, D. C. 

June 24, Swedish Day. — Address by Commissioner C. J. A. Ericson, 
Boone. 

June 27-28. — National Association of State Universities — Address by 
Geo. E. MacLean, Iowa City, president State University of Iowa; National 
Educational Association — Address by Prof. Frederick E. Bolton, Iowa City, 
department of education, State University of Iowa. 
July 12, Festival Hall. — Dubuque Choral Club. 

July 15, American Osteopathic Association Convention. — Address by 
Dr. C. H. Spencer, Des Moines. 

August 6, Bohemian Day. — Address in Bohemian and English by Prof. 
Bohumil Shimek, of Iowa City. 

August 15. — Phinney's United States Band, Frederick Phinney, con- 
ductor. 

September 5-9, Oklahoma Days. — Iowa represented by Miss Adah My- 
rick of Des Moines. 

September 8, Woodmen Da.y. — Address by Col. C. G. Saunders, Council 
Bluffs; Fort Dodge Band. 

September 26, American Bar Association. — Address by Justice Brewer, 
(former lowan), United States Supreme Court; address by Charles Noble 
Gregory, dean law department State University of Iowa; address by Pres- 
ident James Hagerman, St. Louis (former lowan), general counsel Mis- 
souri, Kansas and Texas Railroad. 

October 4, Apple Day. — Iowa represented by the Misses Ellen Hillis 
and Elsie Galbraith of Des Moines. 

October 5-7, League of American Municipalities. — Address by John 
Mac Vicar, Des Moines; address by W. H. Baily, Des Moines. 

October 11, National Society D. A. R. — Mrs. Jonathan P. Dolliver, Fort 
Dodge, historian General D. A. R.; Mrs. Marie Purdy Peck, Davenport, 
state regent; Mrs. Bertha Lincoln Heustis, Dubuque, soloist. 

October 15, Iowa Cities' Day. — Addresses by Col, A. W, Swalm, Con- 
sul to Southampton; Mrs. A .W. Swalm; J. B. Harsh, Creston; Frederick 
W. Taylor, St. Louis (former lowan); President Larrabee, Clermont; Hon. 
Samuel H. Harper, Ottumwa. 

October 17-19, Iowa Library Association. — Addresses by Johnson Brig- 
ham, Des Moines; F. W. Lehmann, St. Louis (former lowan); President 
Larrabee, Clermont; W. P. Payne, Nevada; Capt. W. H. Johnson, Fort 
Dodge; F. F. Dawley, Cedar Rapids; Miss Alice S. Tyler, Des Moines; 
Mrs. Henry J. Howe, Marshalltown ; Miss Esther Crawford, Cleveland 
(former lowan); Miss Ella McLoney, Des Moines; Mrs. H. M. Towner, 
Corning. 

October 18, National Association of State Libraries. — Addresses by 



396 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



President Johnson Brigham, Des Moines; Professor Starr, Chicago Uni- 
versity (formerly of Coe College). 

October 24, Interstate Commerce Convention. — Address by Hon. Wm. 

Larrabee. 

October 26, Festival Hall.— Garnet Hedge, baritone. 

October 28, Festival Hall. — Organ recital by Mason Slade. 

October 29, Home Missions Convention. — Address by Rev. A. B. 

Storms, president Iowa State College. 

November 3, Collegiate Alumnae Association. — Mrs. W. H. Baily, Des 

Moines, president Iowa branch; Mrs. E. D. Burbank, Des Moines, delegate; 

Mrs. H. R. Howell, Des Moines, delegate; Miss Edna Hooley, Des Moines, 

delegate; Miss Anna K. Peterson, McGregor, delegate. 

Mr. Mason Slade, official organ- 
ist of the Iowa Building, was hon- 
ored with an invitation by the music 
department of the exposition to give 
a recital at Festival Hall on the 
evening of October 28. Mr. Slade 
had the distinction of being the 
youngest organist to appear at Fes- 
tival Hall, where only artists of na- 
tional and international reputation 
were heard. 

The Fifty-sixth Regiment Band, 
of Fort Dodge, took grand prize at 
the Woodmen's tournament at the 
exposition in September, securing 
$300 in money in addition to its ex- 
penses. The band is under the lead- 
ership of Bandmaster Lem Wiley, 
who claims the distinction of being 
the only left-handed bandmaster in 
the United States. On September 9 
this band rendered a concert at the 
Iowa State Building, after which it 
was photographed at the Louisiana 
Purchase Monument. 




THREE ORGANISTS. 
The tall g-entleraan is Charles Galloway 
of St. Louis. Official Organist for the Expo- 
sition; in the center is Felix Alexandre 
Guilmant of Paris, the most noted living- 
Composer and Organist in the world; at the 
left stands Mason Slade, Official Organist 
of the Iowa Building. Festival Hall in the 
back ground. 



The Visitors' Register 



A Study in Mathematical Calculation. 

The visitors' register at the Iowa Building was maintained as a con- 
venience for Iowa visitors in which to record their names and stopping 
places, and not as a basis for making calculations. 

In most of the buildings registry clerks were employed to see that 
all who came within placed their names on the books. The Iowa register 
was not so kept and was restricted to Iowa and former Iowa visitors. 
Those who registered did so because of a desire to record their names and 



ATTENDANCE FROM IOWA. 397 

not because they were urged to do so. During the busy days of the fair, 
when people came in large numbers on limited tickets, time was precious 
and many who felt they could not wait their turn in the long line in front 
of the register, left the building without recording their names. The total 
registration at the Iowa Building was 67,798 during the seven months, be- 
ing a monthly average of 9,714, a weekly average of 2,193, and a daily av- 
erage of 3G9. One hundred and three Iowa people registered the opening 
day, April 30, and 243 the closing day, December 1. The registration the 
first weeks of the fair were: To May 7, 154; to May 14, 2GG; to May 21 
(Press and Federation week), 520; to May 28, 457; May 30 and 31, 165, 
making a total for May of 1,562; to June 4, 401; to June 11, 1,066; to June 
18 (Iowa week), 2,521. The total registration up to August 15, three and 
one-half months, was 24,687. The registration for the last three and one- 
half months was 43,111, as follows: August 15 to September 16, 11,233; 
between September 16 and October 11, 11,189; between October 11 and No- 
vember 1, 11,225; between November 1 and December 1, 9,464. The regis- 
tration on Iowa Day, June 17, was 712; on Iowa Cities' Day, October 15, 
586; I'hanksgiving Day, November 24, 544; President's Day, November 
26, 448. During the Iowa Cities' week, six days, October 10 to 15, the reg- 
istration was 4,854, a daily average for the week of 809. 

Some of the state Commissions, in their reports, make the claim that 
the registration in their buildings will not exceed fiftj^ per cent of the at- 
tendance from their states. A careful comparison of the registration in 
the Iowa Building with the estimates of the railroads of the number of 
tickets sold from the state, establishes the same proportion of Iowa people 
who visited the exposition and recorded their names in the Iowa register. 

While no effort was made to compile an accurate estimate of the num- 
ber of visitors at the Iowa Building, yet from counts made at various times 
the average would be placed perhaps between 2,500 and 5,000 people per 
day. 



Attendance From Iowa 

Railroad Official Estimates the Number at 127,000. 

An effort has been made to ascertain the number of people who vis- 
ited the exposition from Iowa. The railways have made so far no definite 
compilation. Each road can give the number of tickets sold to St, Louis 
over their lines in the aggregate, but cannot classify them as to states. 

The Wabash had two lines in operation from the state; one from 
Council Bluffs and the other from Des Moines, taking passengers from 
other lines at these points. 

The Burlington operated also two lines carrying Iowa passengers, one 
on the west side of the Mississippi river and the other on the east side. 

The Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway ran personally conduct- 
ed excursions via Chicago, in charge of Mr. John Cook, of West Union. 

The Illinois Central also carried Iowa passengers from Dubuque and 
northern Iowa. 

The following letter gives a very probable estimate: 







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THE CLOSING SCENE. 399 

"Des Moines, Iowa, March '3, 1905. 
"Mr. F. R. Conaway, Secretary Iowa Commission, Des Moines: 

"Dear Sir — Per your request in reference to probable attendance front 
Iowa of people going to St. Louis to attend the exposition, will say that 
I have made as careful an estimate as I can, and one that I think is very 
conservative, starting my basis on about the per cent of people that were 
sold to St. Louis from Polk County, ranging all of the counties on a line 
east and west and south of here at the same per cent, and graduating to a 
smaller per cent north, east and west. Running on this basis, I find that 
possibly 127,000 people attended from Iowa. I do not think that there 
were any less than this number, and it might possibly run 10,000 to 15,000 
higher. Of course, as to the absolute number, it cannot be gotten at only 
by making absolute checks of all the railroads and stations ticketing peo- 
ple out of the state. 

As to the rates, of course a cheap rate always moves business, but 
the rates from Iowa to St. Louis were not high from either start to finish, 
we having two rates, a rate for sleeping-car passengers and a rate for 
coach passengers. This coach rate was on from the very beginning of the 
fair, which gave the people an opportunity to go for much less than one 
cent a mile if they wished. A test of an extremely low rate, not greater 
than half a cent a mile, was made from St. Paul, which permitted even to 
go in sleepers, and to show that it did not stimulate business, would say 
that it was not necessary for the roads running out of that city to put 
more than from one to three cars extra per train, this drawing from ter- 
ritory north of St. Paul and Minneapolis and south through the heart of 
Iowa and down the river towns, and in all that district did not increase 
traffic at the rate of more than 400 passengers a day. I do not think that 
any cheaper rate would have moved any more business, unless it would 
have been at the last three weeks of the fair, when, say a rate of a quar- 
ter of a cent a mile might have moved 1,000 more people out of Polk 
County. From the exposition standpoint, of course, this would have paid, 
but from a railroad standpoint it would not, as it would have necessitated 
hauling extra sleepers holding only about thirty-five to forty passengers 
if they doubled, and a sleeper pulls twice as hard as a coach, where a 
coach will hold sixty to ninety. 

"I am positive that the railroads from every standpoint did their part 
in making the world's fair a success. The Wabash gave me instructions 
to advertise liberally in this territory with every legitimate paper in the 
state that made application for transportation. I had on my list 260 pa- 
pers and looked over all of them. When their representatives -were re- 
turning home we would find that they would possibly speak a good word 
for the railroad over which they traveled, and would give about three- 
incb write-ups to the entire exposition, etc., which is due, of course, to the 
world's fair originally agreeing to liberally advertise with the papers, and 
when the time came they cut them off, naturally making the newspaper 
fraternity 'sore.' The city papers, of course, did much better. The great 
trouble was the people were not educated as to what the exposition had 
to show. To illustrate this, on a tour that I made in northern Iowa I found 
a number of people that were working on guess contests as to about the 



400 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



number of people that would attend the exposition in St. Louis, and they 
were comparing the number in attendance by those that attended such ex- 
positions as San Francisco, Omaha and the Pan-American, which would 
naturally show that the people were not enlightened as to the magnitude 
of the St. Louis Exposition. 

"Yours respectfully, 

"S. W. FLINT, 
"Passenger and Ticket Agent, Wabash Railroad." 



"I have but one regret; and that is a deep regret — the 
regret that these buildings and these exhibits could not be 
made permanent; that these buildings cannot be maintained 
as they are for our children and our children's children, and 
all who are to come after, as a permanent memorial of the 
greatness of this country. I think that an American who be- 
grudges a dollar that has been spent here Is not so far- 
sighted as he should be. .It is a credit to the United States 
to have had such an exposition carried on so successfully 
from the beginning to its conclusion." 

—THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 




FINIS. 



Illustrations 

Robert Livingston Frontispiece 

William Larrabee 8 

W. W. Witmer 12 

Administration Building 16 

F. R. Conaway 17 

Map of St. Louis 19 

Iowa Building, Columbian Exposition 24 

Iowa State Officers (group) 25 

Thomas Jefferson 26 

Festival Hall and Cascades 28 

Temple of Fraternity 29 

Governor Albert B. Cummins 34 

David R. Francis, Frederick W. Lehmann, J. C. Milliman 41 

Joseph R. Lane, David B. Henderson, William B. Allison, Leslie M. 

Shaw, George E. Roberts, Robert B. Armstrong, Albert B. Cum- 
mins, William T, Shepherd, W. W, Witmer, Robert Fullerton. ... 42 

James Wilson^ William Larrabee 43 

W. B. Stevens 45 

Iowa Commission (group) 48, 52, 53 

Iowa State Institutions 55, 57 

P. L. Prentis 58 

Iowa Scenes 61, 63 

Establishment of Site 62 

World's Fair Views 65 

Sergeant Charles Floyd Monument 67 

Joint Legislative Committee 80 

Iowa Building, front view 84 

Admiral Farragut Statue 86 

General Sherman Statue 88 

General Dodge Statue 90 

Colonel David B. Henderson Statue 92 

Fort Dodge Band 94 

Manufactures Building 97 

Varied Industries Building 104 

George H. Adams & Sons Exhibit 104 

Iowa Building, Construction lOG, 108 

William T. Shepherd 107 

Iowa Building, Floor Plans 110, 111 

Iowa Building, Northwest View 114 

G. S. Robinson 115 

John Cownie 116 

L. G. Kinne 118 

Iowa Building, Pediment 120 

James H. Trewin 121 

Ediicational Exhibit 122, 126 



402 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

F. J. Sessions 124 

Charles M. Sessions 125 

Charles F. Curtiss 131 

P. G. Holden 131 

Historical Exhibit 136, 138 

Thomas Updegraff 137 

Charles Aldrich 140 

Charles A. Cumming 141 

Interior Views, Iowa Building 152 

George M, Curtis 153 

Mrs. W. H. Baily 156 

Mrs. Henry J. Howe 157 

Mrs. Horace E. Deemer 158 

W. W. Witmer 162 

United States Government Building 169 

Awarding of Premier Championships 170 

W. F. Harriman 171 

E. H. White 172 

George S. Prime 174 

Chester White Champion 174 

Belgian Mare Champion 184 

Will C. Whiting 185 

Agricultural Exhibit 186, 187 

George S. Forest 189 

Whiting Corn Trophy 189 

L. G. Clute 194 

Honey Exhibit 196 

Palace of Agriculture 197 

Palace of Horticulture 197 

Butter Exhibit 198 

Charles J. A. Ericson 199 

H. R. Wright ' 200 

S. B. Shilling 203 

Diploma's Brown Lassie 209 

Diploma's Brown Bessie 209 

Palace of Education , 210 

Samuel Bailey 211 

Horticulture Exhibit 212 

Silas Wilson 213 

J. W. Murphy 214 

C. O. Garrett '. 214 

Samuel M. Leach 221 

A. C. Hutchins 222 

Edward D. Brigham 224 

John M. Palmer 226 

Fisher Governor Company Exhibit 217 

Iowa Manufacturers Exhibit 218 

Bettendorf Axle Company Exhibit 219, 222 

Herrick Refrigerator Company Exhibit 220 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 403 

Iowa Dairy Separator Company Exhibit ' 223 

Scott Manufacturing Company Exhibit 224 

C. E. Locke Manufacturing Company Exhibit 225 

Louden Machinery Company Exhibit 22G 

Adams & Co. Exhibit 227 

Lee Broom and Duster Company Exhibit 228, 229 

T. M. Sinclair & Company Exhibit 230 

Dunham Steam Trap Exhibit 231 

R. S. Caward Exhibit 231 

Fish Brothers Manufacturing Company Exhibit 232 

Nichols Manufacturing Company Exhibit 233 

Dodd & Struthers Exhibit 234 

John Morrell & Company Exhibit 235 

Murray Iron Works Exhibit 236 

Lamb Boat and Engine Company Exhibit 236 

G. W. McNaught & Sons' Exhibit 237 

Iowa Mines and Mining Exhibit 238 

Samuel S. Carruthers 240 

C. B. Piatt 241 

Palace of Mines and Metallurgy 246 

Allotment Ceremonies 248 

Leroy A. Palmer 250 

State Governors at Allotment Ceremonies 254 

James Monroe 256 

R. C. Barrett 260 

Albert B. Cummins 261 

Lafayette Young 263 

Iowa Building at Time of Flag Raising 266 

Tower of Iowa Building 267 

Group at Flag Raising 268 

William T. Shepherd 269 

Minnie Bronson 269 

Napoleon Bonaparte 270 

Map of United States, Showing Louisiana Territory 272 

Albert B. Storms 271 

Southern Iowa Editors 278 

Frederick M. Smith 280 

W. W. Witmer 280 

Frederick W. Lehmann 281 

Henry Sabin 285 

Isaac S. Taylor 290 

General John W. Noble 293 

Father James Marquette 294 

Louis Joliet 296 

Views from Iowa Veranda 298 

Iowa State College Cadets 300 

Simpson College Cadets 300 

Marion Drill Corps 302 

Rev. Jesse Cole 303 



404 IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 

William Larrabee 305 

David R. Francis 306 

Albert B. Cummins 308 

Thomas D. Healy 310 

Ceremonies at Iowa Statue 320 

Leroy A. Palmer 321 

Mrs. Governor A. B. Cummins 325 

Statue of Iowa 326 

James H. Trewin 329 

N. Graham Thwaites 329 

George F. Rinehart 330 

Angus M. Berry , 333 

Mrs. H. J. Howe 339 

Thanksgiving Day Group 340 

John Cownie 341 

L. H. Peck 343 

A. H. Winchester . 344 

Mrs. William Larrabee 345 

Palace of Liberal Arts 346 

Theodore Roosevelt 347 

James A. Yerrington 349 

Executive Commissioners' Association 350 

Charles M. Reeves 353 

Mrs. Freeman R. Conaway 363 

New Jersey Building 363 

Iowa Building, Southwest View 364 

Mississippi Building 365 

New York Building 367 

Iowa Building, Interior Views, 366 to 377 

The Pipe Organ 378 

The Conover Grand Piano 381 

Mason Slade 382 

Mrs. J. L. Wallingford .^ 386 

William B. Allison and Party 7 386 

Albert W. Swalm and Party 387 

Mrs. Parks Fisher 389 

Daughters of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition 390 

John H. McGibbons 394 

Three Organists 396 

Transferring Iowa Building to Board of Control 398 

Finis 400 



Index 



Academy of Music, 377. 

Adams, F. H., 50, 383. 

Adams, Geo. H., exhibitor, 104, 229. 

Adams Co., exhibitor, 227, 229, 393. 

Addresses by 

David R. Francis, 41, 43, 249, 269, 

281, 289, 306, 331, 337. 
Wm. Larrabee, 249, 304, 336, 342. 
Mrs. Wm. Larrabee, 345. 
Leroy A. Palmer, 249, 319. 
A. H. Winchester, 344. 
James H. Trewin, 257, 329. 
J. A. Filcher, 356. 
R. H. Henry, 356. 
R. C. Barrett, 260, 283. 
Charles M. Reeves, 353. 
Albert B. Cummins, 261, 283, 308. 
James A. Yerrington, 349. 
Mrs. Henry J. Howe, 339. 
Frederick W. Lehmann, 262, 281. 
Theodore Roosevelt, 291, 347, 400. 
Lafayette Young, 263. 
Wm. H. Taft, 291. 
Wm. T. Shepherd, 267. 
John Cownie, 341. 
Albert B. Storms, 271. 
Thomas D. Healy, 310. 
L. S. Robinson, 279. 
N. Graham Thwaites, 329. 
W. W. Witmer, 166, 260, 281. 
Albert W. Swalm, 335. 
Henry Sabin, 284. 
J. B. Harsh, 335. 
Samuel H. Harper, 336. 
Frederic W. Taylor, 336. 
M. L. Temple, 168. 
L. W. Lewis, 169. 
■ See also 165, 166, 167, 168, 384, 
394. 
Adjutant General, 27, 149, 260, 264, 

325. 
Administration Building, 16. 
Agriculture, Department of, 73, 91, 185, 

186, 187. 
Agriculture, Iowa Department of, 17, 
38, 77, 149, 165. 



Agriculture, Palace of, 197. 
Agriculture, Products of, 190, 273, 312. 
Aldrich, Charles, 25, 49, 139, 140, 141, 

151; report of, 137. 
Allison, William B., 42, 138, 139, 145, 

317, 386. 
Allotment Ceremonies, 248, 249. 
American Boy Day, 333. 
Andrews, Wm. G., contractor, 50, 77, 

109, 112, 159, 374. 
Anthropology. (See Historical.) 
Apiary, Department of, 195, 196. 
Appleman, E. W., 301, 392. 
Apportionment of Funds, 67, 72, 74, 76, 

95. 
Appropriations, 26-80; when available, 

91, 93. 
Armstrong, R. B., 42. 
Architects, 54, 56, 59, 60, 62, 109, 374. 
Architecture, 307. 
Arkansas, 311, 381. 
Art Work, Value of, 156. 
Ashton, Charles, member Columbian 

Commission, 19, 23, 24, 73, 76, 147. 
Assembly, General. (See General As- 
sembly.) 
Attorney General, Opinion of, 91, 93. 
Auditing Committee, 59, 75, 103. 
Authors, Iowa, 81, 144, 160, 377. 
Auxiliary Committee. (See Woman's 

Auxiliary.) 
Awards and Premiums, 44. 

Agriculture, 44, 191. 

Apiary, 44, 197. 

Commissioners and others, 47. 

Dairy, 44, 205. 

Dairy Cows, 44, 208. 

Earned on Merit, 336. 

Education, 44, 128. 

General Summary, 44. 

Historical, 44, 141. 

Horticulture, 44, 214. 

Individuals, 47, 

Live Stock, 44, 101, 173. 

Manufactures and Machinery, 44, 
229. 



406 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Mines and Mining, 44, 245. 
Medals for, 394. 

Bally, Mrs. W. H., chairman auxiliary 
committee, 50, 73, 153, 154, 156, 158, 
167, 340, 388, 396; biography of, 156; 
report of, 155; address by, 167. 

Bailey, Dr. Samuel, Commissioner, 48, 
49, 58, 76, 79, 87, 89, 93, 99, 100, 
165, 166, 167; report of, 211; biogra- 
phy of, 211; appointed, 59; address 
by, 167. 

Bands, 94, 260, 345, 383. 

Barnes, G. W., exhibitor, 229. 

Barrett, R. C, Superintendent of Pub- 
lic Instruction, 39, 73, 121, 123, 125, 
260, 282, 283, 284. 

Barton, W. C, architect, 56, 60. 

Beach, Wilfred W., architect, 54, 60. 

Bean, Tarlton H., chief, 52, 142. 

Beard, I. N., address by, 282. 

Beck & Sons, exhibitors, 230. 

Belgian Mare Champion, 184. 

Belknap, General W. W., 316. 

Bennitt, Mark, superintendent press, 
282. 

Berry, Angus M., poet, 333. 

Bettendorf Axle Co., exhibitors, 219, 
222, 230. 

Beyer, Prof. S. W., 239, 241. 

Bills, rule, 30. 

Birds, Mechanical Singing, 85, 159, 307, 
377, 379, 380; mounted, 159. 

Bishop, C. A., 25. 

Bishop, Colonel Frank W., 260, 264, 
383. 

Bissell, Geo. B., 86, 88. 

Blue Grass Palace, 149, 150. 

Board of Control of State Institutions, 
18, 97, 113, 119, 194, 195, 197, 338, 
342; report of, 115. 

Boies, Governor Horace, 147. 

Bonaparte, Napoleon, 151, 271, 285, 
286, 287; biography of, 270. 

Bonds, secretary and treasurer, 54, 
60; contractor, 64. 

Brant, David, preliminary commis- 
sioner, 20. 

Briar, John, private secretary, 325. 



Brick and Tile Association, 40. 
Brigham, E. D., Labor Commissioner, 

167, 219, 221, 222, 224. 
Brigham Family, 386. 
Brigham, Johnson, State Librarian, 25, 

166, 395. 
Bronson, Minnie, 268, 269, 392. 
Bryan, William Jennings, 191, 332, 
Building Committee, 60, 64, 66, 109. 
Building. (See Iowa Building.) 
Burg Wagon Co., exhibitor, 229. 
Burlington Semi-Centennial, 147, 148. 
Burlington Hawkeye, 164, 374. 
Burr, Aaron, 151. 
Business, Order of, 31. 
Burroughs Adding Machine, 97. 
Butter Production, 191; exhibit, 198, 

205. 

Cable Piano Co., 73, 97, 381. 
Cadets, Iowa State College, 27, 298, 
299, 300; Simpson College, 298, 299, 
300; West Point, 387. 
California, 127, 356, 365. 
Calvin, Professor Samuel, 25, 239. 
Cameron, C. E., 38, 165. 
Carpenter, Governor C. C, 139, 140, 

146. 
Carro'll, B. F., 25. 

Carruthers, Samuel S., commissioner, 
48, 49, 51, 74, 80, 85, 87, 93, 112, 165, 
239, 240, 338; report of, 240; biogra- 
phy of, 240; address by, 340. 
Carter, Thomas H., 290, 392. 
Caward, R. S., 230, 231. 
Cement Block Manufacturing Co., ex- 
hibitor, 231. 
Ceremonies, 247. 
Allotment, 249. 
Louisiana Purchase, 257. 
Corner Stake Driving, 260. 
Exposition Buildings Dedicated, 

265. 
Iowa Flag Raising, 267. 
Louisiana Purchase Day, Iowa 

State Fair, 271. 
Iowa Building Dedicated, 279. 
Louisiana Purchase Flag Day, 282. 
General Assembly Day, 168. 



INDEX. 



407 



Opening Day, 289. 

Memorial Day, 293. 

Iowa Day, 295; at Iowa Statue, 

320. 
Fourth of July, 328. 
American Boy Day, 333. 
Iowa Cities' Day, 335. 
Thanksgiving Day, 338. 
Sunday Sacred Concerts, 342. 
President's Day, 347. 
Closing Day, 347. 
Entertainments, 377, 382. 
Conventions and Reunions, 385. 
Iowa Talent on Exposition Pro- 
grams, 394. 
(See 164, 384, 386, 394.) 
Ceremonies, rule, 30. 
Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, 
22, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 195, 199, 
202, 211. 
Chamberlain Medicine Co., 98. 
Championships, Awarding of, 170. 
Charitable Institutions, Iowa, 314. 
Characteristics of Iowa People, 263, 

323. 
Chase, F. N., 19. 
Chester White Champion, 174. 
China Paintings, 159. 
Christianity, 314, 324, 342, 344. 
Chronology of Iowa and the World's 

Fair, 145. 
Citizenship, 252. 
Civilization, 273, 287, 277. 
Claims, rule, 30. 
Clark, H. J., N. P., 53. 
Clarke, George W., speaker, 343, 383. 
Clay, Henry, 151. 
Cleland, Jonas, 73. 
Cleveland, Grover, 70, 140, 260, 265, 

292. 
Closing Day, 347, 349, 353, 356. 
Clute, L. G., superintendent, 49, 91, 

165, 188, 195; report of, 194. 
Coal Palace, 149, 150. 
Cole, Rev. Jesse, 301, 303, 343. 
Color, 367. 

Columbian Exposition, 22, 23, 24, 46, 
147, 148, 149, 150, 195, 199, 211, 355; 
Iowa Building at, 24. 



Commercial Exchange, Des Moines, 

resolutions of, 38. 
Committees — 

Auditing, 59, 75, 103. 
Building, 60, 64, GG, 109. 
Executive, 31, 54, 64, 66, 68, 69, 71, 

78, 99; report of, 11. 
Plans, 53, 54. 
Special, 101, 103, 104. 
Woman's Auxiliary, 18, 47, 64, 70, 

73, 77, 81, 144, 153, 155. 
(See Iowa Building.) 
Commission, Iowa — 

Organization of, 51, 52. 
Proceedings of, 51 to 98. 
Departments of, 49. 
Medals for, 47. 
Expense, rule, 32. 
Meetings, rule, 32. 
Committees, list of, 49; rule, 29. 
Officers of, 49. 
Group of, 48, 52, 53. 
Commission, Preliminary, report of 20, 

21, 24. 
Composers, Iowa, 156, 161, 377. 
Compromise, Missouri. (See Missouri 

Compromise.) 
Conaway, F. R., secretary, 13, 16, 17, 37, 
41, 42, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 70, 73, 79, 80, 
82, 91, 96, 97, 99, 101, 102, 115, 121, 
158, 165, 167, 169, 171, 183, 184, 194, 
219, 222, 278, 284, 293, 295, 301, 337, 
340, 342, 350, 353, 354, 356, 358, 387, 
388, 398; letter of transmittal, 17; 
resolutions to 99, 356. 
Conaway, Mrs. Freeman R., 16, 50, 80, 
99, 158, 293, 301, 340, 353, 363, 386, 
387, 388, 391, 398; resolutions to, 99. 
Concessions, 78. 
Connecticut, 284, 365, 358, 389. 
Conover Pianos, 73, 97, 377, 381. 
Constitution, Iowa's, 318. 
Contractors, 49; bills of, 72; settle- 
ment with, 91. 
Conventions and Reunions, 385. 
Cornerstake, 70, 71, 260. 
Cornetist, 383. 
Corn Judging, 69, 131. 
Corn Palace, 149, 150. 



408 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Corn Trophy, Whiting, 189. 

Cornwall, W. W., 25. 

Corn Yield, 190. 

Corse, General John M., 316. 

Cownie, John, 25, 97, 115, 116, 117, 340, 
341, 398; address of, 341. 

Cox & Schoetengen, architects, 60. 

Crane, A. W., 50, 398. 

Crawford, J. S., 80, 268, 392. 

Crocker, General M. M., 316. 

Crockett, J. C, 25. 

Crosby, James O., president Columbi- 
an Commission, 147, 385. 

Gumming, Professor Charles A., 49, 
130, 139, 141. 

Cummings, B. P., speaker pro tem, 
168. 

Cummins, Governor A. B., 17, 25, 33, 
36, 37, 42, 44, 51, 69, 70, 71, 74, 78, 
80, 83, 139, 145, 148, 156, 159, 166, 
250, 260, 282, 284, 295, 299, 301, 303, 
306, 307, 325, 328, 343, 347, 366, 385, 
388; biography of, 34; message of, 
36; proclamations of, 33, 35; ad- 
dresses of 261, 283, 308. 

Cummins, Mrs. Albert B., 34, 83, 301, 
303, 325, 388. 

Curtis, George M., commissioner, 48, 
50, 54, 60, 62, 70, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82. 
99, 100, 157, 388; report of, 153; bi- 
ography of, 155. 

Curtis, General S. R., 316. 

Curtiss, Professor Charles F., 131, 165, 

274, 392, 393. 
Custodian, duties of, 30, 80. 

Dairy, 39, 96, 191, 198, 199. 
Dairy Cow Demonstration, 208. 
Dairy, State Association, 39, 150. 
Daughters of the Louisiana Purchase 

Exposition, 390. 
Davison, A. H., 25. 
Dawson, E. A., 25. 
Days. (See Ceremonies.) 
Dean, Henry Clay, 151. 
Decorations, 77, 85, 374. 
Dedication, 70, 265, 279. 
Deemer, Horace E., 25. 
Deemer, Mrs. Horace E., secretary 



auxiliary committee, 50, 73, 81, 153, 
154, 156, 158, 340; biography of, 158. 

Democratic Party, 37. 

Departments, 49; provisions for, 54, 
59; apportionment of funds, 67; re- 
apportionment, 72, 74, 76, 95. 

Des Moines Commercial Exchange, 
resolutions of, 38. 

Des Moines Daily Capital, 119, 164. 

Dieman & Fiske, architects, 54, 60. 

Dildine, Wm. H., preliminary commis- 
sioner, 20. 

Dillon, John F., 318. 

Diploma's Brown Lassie, 209. 

Diploma's Brown Bessie, 209. 

Diplomas to Iowa, 44, 47. (See 
Awards.) 

Dodd & Struthers, exhibitors, 231, 234, 
393. 

Dodge, General G. M., 139, 316; statue 
of, 90, 380. 

Drake, Governor Francis M., 139, 147. 

Dubuque Choral Club, 385. 

Dunham, C. A., exhibitor, 231. 

Eaton, W. L., 145. 

Economy Rug Co., exhibitor, 231. 

Education, 39, 40, 70, 85, 87, 91, 96, 121, 
122, 126, 312, 313. 
(See Schools.) 

Education, Palace of, 65, 210. 

Edwins, C. E., architect, 54, 60. 

Egan, Edward W., address by, 282. 

Employes, 32, 49, 69, 81, 82. 

English and Declaration of Independ- 
ence, 329. 

Entertainments, 377, 382, 386, 394. 

Ericson, Charles J. A., commissioner, 
20, 48, 49, 62, 73, 79, 83, 87, 89, 96, 
165, 204, 343; addresses of, 166, 385, 
388, 395; reports of, 195, 199; biog- 
raphy of, 199. 

Executive Commissioners' Associa- 
tion, 328, 329, 342, 348, 349, 350, 353, 
387; list of, 358. 

Executive Committee, 64, 66, 68, 69, 70, 
71, 78, 99; appointed, 54; rules, 31; 
meetings of, 56, 66, 69, 71, 72, 75, 77, 
81, 82, 87, 91, 93, 96, 100; report of, 
11. 



INDEX. 



409 



Exhibits, Iowa — 

Agriculture, 185. 
Art, 154. 
Apiary, 195. 
Dairy, 199. 
Dairy Cow, 208. 
Education, 123. 
Historical, 139. 
Horticulture, 211. 
Industrial, 228. 

Institution Feeble-Minded, 154. 
Iowa State College, 130. 
Live Stock, 173. 
Manufactures, 221. 
Mines and Mining, 244, 
Newspaper, 163. 

Woman's Work, 127, 129, 130, 155. 
Expenditures, rules and limitations, 

14, 32. 
Exploitation, 72, 165, 169. 
Exposition, Louisiana Purchase, views 
of, 65; figures of, 45; dedicated, 265; 
proclamation for, 33; opened, 289; 
closed, 347; obligations to, 18, 253, 
259, 281, 306, 308, 360, 394; co-oper- 
ate with, 253, 259; educator, 276; 
unfavorable conditions, 132, 172, 173, 
195, 336, 351, 352, 353, 360. (See 
Iowa at the World's Fair.) 
Exposition, Paris, 22, 144, 147. 
Expositions, cost of, 22. 
Expositions, Iowa at, 146, 149. 
Evans, Samuel B., preliminary com- 
missioner, 20. 
Exhibitors, Individual, 18, 217, 228. 
Exposition, Colum^bian. (See Columbi- 
an Exposition.) 
Exposition, New Orleans, 147, 148, 149, 

150, 199, 211, 241. 
Exposition, Educational, 147, 149. 
Exposition, Trans-Mississippi. (See 
Omaha Exposition.) 

Farragut, Admiral, Statue, 86, 380. 
Farm Industry and Products, 190, 273, 

312. • 
Features, Social, 42, 158, 325, 338, 349, 

371, 382, 386. 
Federation of Labor, 38, 167. 



Federation of Women's Clubs, 40, 82, 
129, 130, 154, 157, 158. 

Festival Hall, 28. 

Fifty-fourth Regiment and Band, 260, 
264, 383. 

Filcher, J. A., 350, 358; address of, 356. 

Final Report, 11, 101, 102. 

Financial Report, 14. 

Finis, 400. 

Fisher Governor Co., exhibitor, 217, 
233. 

Fisher, Mrs. Parks, 382, 389. 

Fish Bros. Manufacturing Co., exhibit- 
or, 232, 233. 

Fixtures. (See Iowa Building.) 

Flax Palace, 150. 

Flag Raising, 268. 

Flags Half Mast, 374 

Flint, S. W., letter of on transporta- 
tion, 399. 

Floyd, Sergeant Charles, 67, 68, 148, 
169, 

Foreign Nations, 46. 

Forest, George S., superintendent, 49, 
75, 80, 89, 91, 165, 185, 189, 194; re 
port of, 188. 

Forestry, 79, 107, 133. 

Fort Dodge Band, 94, 396. 

Fort Madison and Appanoose Stone 
Co., exhibitor, 231. 

Foster, T. D., 223. 

Fourth of July, 328. 

Francis, President David R., 18, 52, 69, 
70, 96, 109, 125, 145, 202, 268, 273, 277, 
278, 280, 282, 291, 292, 298, 299, 301, 
307, 308, 319, 328, 329, 335, 347, 348, 
351, 354, 361 387; addresses of, 41, 
43, 249, 269, 281, 289, 306, 331, 337. 

Freedom, 276. 

Fruit Exhibit, 216. (See Horticulture.) 

Frudden, Representative A. F., 80, 385. 

Fuller, Wm. E., preliminary commis- 
sioner, 20. 

Fullerton, Robert, 42, 392. 

Funk, A. B., preliminary commissioner, 
20. 

Furniture. (See Iowa Building.) 

Fursman, E. S., decorator, 49, 79, 188. 



410 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Garrett, C. O,, assistant superintend- 
ent horticulture, 49, 87, 93, 101, 213, 
214. 
Geisler & Co., exhibitors, 233, 
General Assembly, 25, 44, 76, 77, 78, 79, 

80, 150, 168. 
Generation, Fourth, 324. 
Geology. (See Mines and Mining.) 
German Opinion of Iowa, 164. 
Gibson, Lemuel, artist, 159. 
Gilbertson, G. S., 25, 325. 
Governor of Iowa, proclamations of, 

33, 35. (See Cummins, Gov. A. B.) 
Governor's Staff, 27, 260, 264, 325. 
Governors at State Allotment, group, 

254. 
Government, United States, Building, 

65. 169. 
Grant, U. S., 202, 277, 292, 316, 379. 
Green, Wesley, 25. 
Grimes, Governor James W., 139, 315, 

316. 
Gue, B. F., 295. 
Guilmont, Felix Alexandre, organist, 

396. 

Hagerman, James, 18, 395. 
Hamilton, Alexander, 151, 258. 
Harbach-Harris Co., contractor, 50, 82, 
Harbach, L., contractor, 50, 82. 
Harper, Senator Samuel H., 335, 336. 
Harriman, Commissioner W, F., 39, 48, 
49, 51, 54, 59, 62, 66, 68, 74, 76, 78, 80, 

81, 89, 91, 95, 101, 165, 166, 183; ad- 
dresses by, 166, 271; report of, 171; 
biography of, 171. 

Harsh, Senator J, B., 335. 

Hay, John. 33. 

Hay ward, Florence, 279. 

Hayward, Senator, W. C, 20, 162. 

Henderson, Colonel David B., 42, 379; 
statue of, 92, 380. 

Healy, Senator Thomas D., 301, 310, 
319. 

Hear & Son, architects, 60. 

Heizer, Edward P., preliminary com- 
missioner, 20. 

Henry, Colonel R. H., 356, 358. 

Herrick Refrigerator Co., exhibitor. 



220, 234, 394, 

Herriott, John, Lieutenant Govenor, 
25. 

Hethershaw, Fred, decorator, 188, 190. 

Historical Addresses. (See Louisiana 
Purchase Historical Addresses.) 

Historical Department, 27, 83, 89, 93, 
136, 137, 138, 211. 

Historical Department, State, docu- 
ments with, 142. 

Historical Society, documents with, 
144. 

Hobby, C. M., historical address by, 
150. 

Holden, Professor P. G., 131, 165, 185, 
189, 392. 

Holmes, J. A., chief, 52, 143. 

Honey Exhibit, 195, 196. 

Hopkins, Senator Frank M., 80. 

Horticulture, 133. (See Horticultural 
Department.) 

Horticulture, Department of, 39, 76, 87, 
96, 99, 100, 133, 216; report, 211, 212. 

Horticulture, State Society, action of, 
39, 150, 166. 

Hospitality, 384. 

Hostess, 47, 81, 363, 391; resolutions 
to, 99. 

Hostesses, the, 348, 388, 389, 

Howard, Fletcher, 25. 

Howe, Mrs. H. J., vice chairman auxil 
iary committee, 50, 73, 153, 154, 156, 
158, 166, 340, 386, 388, 395; biogra- 
phy of, 157; address by, 339. 

Heustis, Mrs. Bertha Lincoln, soloist, 
301, 383, 395. 

Hull, O. E., secretary press, 163, 278, 
279, 385. 

Hunter, Edward H., preliminary com- 
missioner, 20. 

Hutchins, A. C, superintendent manu- 
factures, 49, 73, 93, 95, 165, 167, 220; 
report of, 222. 

Huttig, Charles H., 18, 392. 

Illinois, 127, 190, 332, 381. • 

Individual Exhibitors. See Industrial.) 
Industrial Exhibitors, 18, 38, 217, 228. 
Insurance, (See Iowa Building,) 



INDEX. 



411 



Inventorj^ 115. 

Iowa at the World's Fair, 41, 125, 145, 
164, 269, 281, 306, 307, 309, 331, 336, 
337, 339, 341, 344, 347, 356, 357, 377. 
Iowa Authors, books by 81, 144, 160. 
Iowa, Birth of, 252. 
Iowa Composers, 156, 161, 377. 
Iowa Building — 

Architecture, 307, 367. 

Arrangement, 367. 

Color, 367. 

Location, 367. 

Plans, 54, 56, 59, 60, 62, 70, 71, 77, 

81, 109, 365. 
Site, 51, 52, 53, 62, 70, 71, 75. 
Usefulness, 43, 332, 344, 850, 371, 

384, 396. 
Function of, 43, 363. 
Academy of Music, 377. 
Service and Lunches, 371. 
Plumbing, 68, 69. 
Furniture, 71, 82, 341. 
Insurance, 71, 87. 
Decorations, 77, 85, 374. 
Fixtures, 77. 

Contractors, 49, 72, 91, 109, 112. 
Legatees. (See Board of Control.) 
Construction of, 107. 
Architects, 54, 56, 59, 60, 62, 109, 

374. 
Cost of, 112. 

Salvage, 19, 113, 115, 341, 398. 
Entertainment in, 377, 382, 386, 

394. 
Floor Plans, 110, 111. 
Paintings, Photographs, China 

Painting in, 159. 
Books in, 160. 
Musical Compositions, 161. 
Views of — 

Front View, 84. 
Construction, 106, 108, 266. 
Northwest View, 114. 
Pediment, 120. 
Tower, 267. 
Southw^est View, 364. 
East Entrance, 377. 
Floor Plans, 110, 111. 
Interior Views, 152. 



Governor's Suite, 366. 
Reception Room, 366. 
Ladies' Parlor, 368. 
Rotunda, 369. 
President's Suite, 370. 
Executive Committee Room, 

•370. 
Southwest Porch, 371, 372. 
Library, 372. 
Reception Room, 373. 
Assembly Room, 376. 
Pipe Organ, 378. 
Piano, 381. 
Views from Veranda, 298. 
Hospitality of, 384. 
Dedicated, 279. 
Opened, 289. 

Ceremonies in. (See Ceremonies.) 
Flag Raising, 282. 
Sunday Concerts, 43, 342, 383. 
Transferring to Board of Control, 
398. 
Iowa Brick and Tile Association, 40. 
Iowa Cities' Day, 43, 335. 
Iowa Commission. (See Commission.) 
Iowa Constitution, 318. 
Iowa Dairy Association, 39, 150. 
Iowa Dairy Separator Co., exhibitor, 

223, 234. 
Iowa Day- — 

Arrangements for, 35, 70, 73, 78, 
79, 80, 89. 

Celebration of, 295, 297. 
Ceremonies of, 303. 
Proclamation for, 35. 
Parade of, 299. 
(See Ceremonies.) 
Iowa Day at Former Expositions, 148, 

149. 
Iowa, Discovery of, 295, 297, 304, 306, 

309. 
Iowa Federation of Labor, 38, 167. 
Iowa Federation of Women's Clubs, 

40. (See Women's Clubs.) 
Iowa Improved Stock Breeders, 39. 
Iowa Horticultural Society, 39, 150, 

166. 
Iowa Institution for Feeble-Minded, 55, 
81, 130, 154, 155, 159. 



412 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Iowa, Justice in, 318. 

Iowa Library Association, 40, 158. 

Iowa Library Commission, 130, 157, 

158. 
Iowa in Peace, 317. 
Iowa People, Characteristics of, 263, 

323. 
Iowa Publishing Co., 68, 98, 164, 165, 

376. 
Iowa Scenes, 61, 63. 
Iowa, Semi-Centennial of, 147, 148. 
Iowa Soil, 133, 312, 322. 
Iowa State College, 130, 131, 198, 300, 

312, 313, 376. 
Iowa State Institutions, 55, 57, 314, 

341. 
Iowa State Normal School, 313. 
Iowa State Manufacturers Association, 

38, 167, 217. 
Iowa State University, 134, 313, 395. 
Iowa Statue. (See Statue of Iowa.) 
Iowa Talent on Programs, 394. 
Iowa Teachers' Association, 39, 40. 
Iowa in War Times, 316. 

Jackson, Andrew, 151, 276, 286, 288, 
365. 

Jackson, Governor Frank D., 147. 

Jefferson, Thomas, 151, 166, 168, 250, 
251, 255, 258, 259, 277, 285, 286, 287, 
288, 311, 322, 324, 365; biography of, 
26. 

Jowett Typewriter Co., 67, 98, 398. 

Johnson, Ida, housekeeper, 50, 83, 115, 
398. 

Joint Legislative Committee, 80. (See 
General Assembly.) 

Joliet, Louis, 252, 295, 296, 297, 304; 
biography of, 297. 

Judging Corn, 69, 131. 

Junkin, Charles M., preliminary com- 
missioner, 20, 163, 386. 

Jurors, 336. 

Justice in Iowa, 318. 

Kansas, 128, 190, 298, 308, 338, 384, 

393. 
Kasson, John A., 1, 67, 316. 
Keeffer, P. H., dairy, 200, 205, 392. 
Keith, D. G., postmaster, 50, 82. 



Kelsoe, W. A., superintendent press, 

18, 144, 268. 
Kennedy, Dr. J. F., 25. 
Kentucky, 134, 381. 
Kinne, L. G., 25, 118. 
Kirkwood. Governor Samuel J., 136, 

139, 146, 316. 
Koeckeritz, Frank, exhibitor, 225. 
Knoepfler, Professor J. B., 121, 123. 
Kurtz, L. H., contractor, 50, 69, 109. 

Lacey, Major John F., member Con- 
gress, addresses by, 166, 343, 385. 

Lane, Joseph R., member Congress, 
42. 

Ladd, S. M., 25. 

Labor, Iowa Federation of, 38, 169. 

Lamb Boat and Engine Co., exhibitor, 
235, 236. 

Lambert, Senator Thomas, 80. 

Larkins, John P., architect, 60. 

Larrabee, Miss Anna, assistant organ- 
ist, 50, 301, 380, 382, 386. 

Larrabee, President William, 17, 43, 
48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 60, 69, 70, 74, 83, 85, 
86, 88, 89, 90, 92, 99, 139, 140, 147, 
159, 194, 277, 282, 292, 293, 295, 301, 

303, 305, 317, 329, 332, 335, 337, 33S, 
339, 340, 341, 343, 344, 353, 357, 358, 
370, 375, 377, 378, 379, 385, 388, 395, 
398, 400; letter of transmittal, 9; 
biography of, 10; addresses by, 249, 

304, 336, 342; resolutions to, 85. 
Larrabee, Mrs. William, 17, 83, 85, 282, 

292, 293, 301, 303, 335, 338, 339, 340, 
341, 342, 343, 345, 348, 353, 375, 377, 
378, 379, 385, 386, 388, 398, 400; reso- 
lutions to, 85; biography of, 10. 

La Salle, 287. 

Laws, 26, 80. 

Leach, Robert L., 50, 83. 

Leach, Commissioner S. M., 20, 38, 
48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 60, 66, 72, 75, 
77, 79, 80, 83, 87, 91, 93, 95, 97, 101, 
112, 165, 166, 167, 388; report pre- 
liminary commission, 20; report of, 
217; biography of, 221. 

Lee Broom and Duster Co., exhibitor, 
228, 229, 234. 



INDEX. 



413 



Legislation. (See General Assembly.) 

Lehmann, Frederick W., 18, 41, 262, 
278, 281, 392, 395. 

Lewis and Clark Expedition, 322. 

Lewis, D. N., 25. 

Lewis, Senator, L. W., 80, 169. 

Liberal Arts, Palace of, 65, 346. 

Liberty, 275. 

Library Association, Iowa, 40, 158. 

Library Commission, Iowa, 130, 157, 
158. 

Liebbe, Nourse & Rasmussen, archi- 
tects, 56, 60, 109. 

Lincoln, Abraham, 151, 202, 277, 285, 
287, 292, 316, 329, 330, 379. 

Live Stock, 39, 89, 91, 96, 101, 170, 171, 
172, 184; awards, 173, 183. 

Livingston, Robert, 65, 151, 251, 253, 
285, 286, 287; frontispiece; biogra- 
phy of, 1. 

Location, (See Iowa Building.) 

Locke Manufacturing Co., exhibitor, 
225, 234. 

Louden Machinery Co., exhibitor, 226, 
235, 394. 

Louisiana, 143, 288, 311, 365. 

Louisiana Purchase Flag Day, 33, 73, 
125, 282, 283, 284. 

Louisiana Purchase Exposition. (See 
Exposition.) 

Louisiana Purchase Monument, 65. 

Louisiana Purchase Territory, Extent 
of 271; purchase, 284. 

Louisiana Purchase Historical Ad- 
dresses, 150, 151, 152, 166, 167, 168, 
169, 250, 257, 259, 271, 284, 310, 311, 
319. 

Loyalty, 315, 316, 331, 336. See Patri- 
otism.) 

MacBride, Professor Thomas H., 121, 
123. 

Madison, Wisconsin, Educational Ex- 
position, 147, 149. 

Manufacturers' Association, Iowa, 38, 
167, 217. 

Manufactures Building, 97. 

Manufactures, Department of, 73, 91, 
93; report of, 217, 218. 



Manufacturing Industries, 335, 337. 
Map, Big, 68, 376. 
Map, Dairy, 96, 198, 205. 
Map of United States, Showing Louisi- 
ana Territory, 272. 
Marquette, Father James, 140, 287, 

294, 297, 304; biography of, 295. 
Marion Drill Corps, 79, 298, 299, 302. 
Martin, W. B., 25, 35, 36, 325. 
Maryland, 143, 381, 382. 
Massachusetts, 127, 128, 298. 
Maytag, Senator F. L., 79. 
Marbois, Barbe, 65, 151. 
McClain, Emlin, 25. 
McConnell, Professor J. J., 121, 123. 
McGee, WJ, chief, 83, 89, 137, 142, 282. 
McGibbons, John H., secretary awards, 

394. 
McKay, Professor G. L., dairy, 49, 200, 

201, 203, 204. 
McKinley, William, 36, 250, 255, 288, 

proclamation of, 33. 
McNaught & Sons, exhibitors, 237. 
Medals, 394. (See Awards.) 
Meetings, rule, 32. 
Memorial Day, 293. 
Merriam, G. & C. Co., 98. 
Michigan, 311, 381, 392. 
Middleton, A. D., 301. 
Military Parade, 264, 299. 
Miller, Mrs. Florence, 78, 155. 
Miller, Samuel F., 139, 318. 
Milliman, Lieutenant Governor J. C, 

20, 21, 41, 145. 
Mines and Metallurgy, Palace of, 65, 

246. 
Minnesota, 128, 143, 190, 298, 308. 
Missouri, 127, 128, 190, 305, 308, 311, 

332, 348, 384. 
Missouri Compromise, 311, 315, 316. 
Mines and Minerals, Department of, 

74, 76, 80, 134, 238; report of, 239. 
Minutes of Iowa Commission, 51 to 98. 
Mississippi Building, 365. 
Mississippi, 356, 365. 
Mitchell-Vance Co., contractors, 50, 

78. 
Moller, M. P., organ maker, 50, 75, 



414 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Monroe, James, 65, 151, 251, 256, 258, 
285, 286; biography of, 257. 

Montcalm, 284, 287, 322. 

Morrell, John & Co., exhibitors, 235, 
237. 

Morrison Manufactuing Co., exhibitor, 
237. 

Morrow, W. W., president department 
of agriculture, 38, 165. 

Mullan, C. W., Attorney General, 25, 
91; opinion of, 27. 

Murphy, B., 25. 

Murphy, J. W., director of horticul- 
ture, 49, 87, 93, 100, 213, 214. 

Musicians and Soloists, 18, 382. 

Murray Iron Works, exhibitors, 235, 
236. 

Music Academy, Temple of, 282, 307, 
377. 

Music at the Fair, 345, 383. 

Napoleon. (See Bonaparte.) 

Netcott & Donnan, architects, 60. 

Newbold, Governor Joshua, 147. 

Nevada, 349, 356. 

Newell, A. F., exhibitor, 237. 

New Jersey, 143, 363. 

New York, 127, 128, 190, 298, 352, 367. 

Newspaper Clippings, 142, 163. 

Nichols, E. W. & Co., contractors, 50, 

64, 66, 72, 80, 91, 109, 113. 
Nichols Manufacturing Co., exhibitor, 

233, 237. 
Noble, General John W., 18, 293, 395. 
Northeastern Iowa Press Association, 

37. 
Nutting, Professor C. C, 134. 

Oat Yield, 190. 

Officers, Duties of, 29; list of, 49; rule, 
29; election of temporary, 51; per- 
manent, 53. 

Officers, Iowa State, group of, 25. 

Ohio, 190, 343, 381. 

Oklahoma, 143, 393. 

Omaha Exposition Commission, 23, 24, 
147, 148, 150, 195, 199, 211. 

Opening Day, 289. 

Order of Business, 31. 



Organ, Pipe, 43, 307, 378, 380. 
Organists, 382, 396. 

Page, C. S., 50. 

Paintings in Iowa Building, 156, 159. 
Palmer, A. N., business college, 130. 
Palmer, Colonel D. J., 25, 169. 
Palmer, Superintendent John M., 49, 

82, 226. 
Palmer, Commissioner Leroy A., 48, 
50, 53, 54, 60, 66, 68, 69, 77, 87, 97^ 
100, 102, 157, 159, 165, 301, 321, 325, 
340, 350, 343, 344, 385, 388; biogra- 
phy of, 255; addresses by, 167, 249 
319. 
Pammell, Professor L. H., 79. 
Parade, Military, 264, 299. 
Paris Exposition, 22, 147, 144. 
Parvin, T. S., 151. 
Passenger Traffic, 362, 397. 
Patriotism, 293, 331, 332, 336, 343. (See 

Loyalty.) 
Pay Roll, 30. 
Peace, Iowa in, 317. 
Peck, L. H., chorister, 293, 301, 343, 

383. 
Pennsylvania, 127, 128, 191, 307, 332. 
Perry, Captain G. S., watchman, 50, 

82, 340. 
Philippines, 45, 47, 143. 
Photographs in Iowa Building, 159; In 

educational exhibit, 127. 
Piano. (See Conover.) 
Pianists, 383. 
Pickard, President J. L., address of, 

15L 
Pike, Robert, 50, 83. 
Pioneers, The, 252, 323, 328, 330. 
Plans. (See Iowa Building.) 
Plans, Committee on, 53. 
Piatt, C. B., superintendent, 49, 76, 79, 

93, 239, 240; report of, 241. 
Plumbing. (See Iowa Building.) 
Poetry, 253, 255, 275, 287, 315, 330, 331, 

333, 334, 335, 345, 346. 
Police, Department of, 47. 
Political Institutions, 314. 
Political Parties, 37. 
Positions, Recommendations for, 62. 



INDEX. 



415 



Precautionary Measures, 348. 

Preliminary Commission, Report of, 
20. 

Poultry Production, 191. 

Proudfoot & Bird, architects, 50, 54, 
56, 60, 62, 109, 113, 374. 

Premiums. (See Awards.) 

Prentis, Mrs. Noble, Kansas hostess, 
338, 340, 388. 

Prentis, Dr. P. L., Commissioner, 51, 
53, 59; resigns, 58; biography of, 58. 

Prime, George S,, superintendent of 
swine, 174. 391. 

President Iowa Commission, rule, 29. 
(See Larrabee, Wm.) 

President of the United States, procla- 
mation of, 33; message of, 36; dedi- 
cation, 265; opening, 289; day, 347; 
finis, 400. (See Roosevelt, Theodore, 
and McKinley, Wm.) 

President, Vice, rule, 29. 

Press, 37, 41, 75, 80, 82, 314. 

Press Associations — 
Iowa, 37, 163. 
Northeastern, 37. 
Upper Des Moines, 37. 
Southern, 163, 279. 

Press and Exploitation, Department 
of, report, 162. 

Proceedings of Iowa Commission, 51 
to 98. 

Proclamations by Governors of Iowa, 
33, 35, 146, 147, 148. 

Proclamations of President of United 
States, 33. 

Promotion and Protection, 349. 

Publications, World's Fair, 142, 162, 
164. 

Public Schools, 127, 253, 313. (See Ed- 
ucation.) 

Publishing Co., Iowa, 68, 98, 164, 165, 
376. 

Puck Soap Co., 98. 

Pulpit and Press, 314. 

Quebec, 251, 284, 322. 
Questions to Be Met, 324. 

Railroads, 317; traffic, 362, 397. 
Readers, 383. 



Recommendations for Positions, 62. 

Resources, 259. (See Products.) 

Red Mineral Springs, exhibitor, 237. 

Reeves, Charles M., chief, 18, 52, 70, 
80, 113, 348, 350, 360, 388, 390; ad- 
dress ot 353. 

Register and Leader, 164, 297. 

Register, Visitors', 142. 

Report, Final, 11, 101, 102, 103. 

Report, Financial, 14. 

Republican Party, 37, 167. 

Rhode Island, 143, 343, 365. 

Rice, General Samuel A., 317. 

Richardson, J. J., 131; 208. 

Ricker, Professor Maurice, 121. 

Riggs, John F., Superintendent Pub- 
lic Instruction, 25. 

Rinehart, George F., 328; poem, 330. 

Rhind, J. Massey, 90, 92, 388. 

Roberts, George E., 42. 

Robinson, G. S., 25, 97, 115, 119. 

Robinson, L. S., president Press Asso- 
ciation, 163, 278, 279, 385. 

Rogers, Howard J., chief, 52, 142. 

Roosevelt, Theodore, 36, 70, 146, 202, 
260, 265, 292, 348, 400; addresses by, 
291, 347. (See President of the Uni- 
ted St^ates.) 

Rules, Iowa Commission, 29. 

Rules, Committee on, 51, 54. 

Sabin, Henry, 121, 123, 285; address 

of, 284. 
Salvage, 115. (See Iowa Building.) 
Scenes, Iowa, 61, 63. 
Schools, Public, 127, 253, 313. (See 

Education.) 
Scott Manufacturing Co., exhibitor, 

224, 237. 
Secretary — 

Letter of Transmittal, 17. 

Duties of, 29. 

Bond, 54. 

Close Work, 99. 

Ceremonies, 30. 

Custodian, 30. 

Transportation, 75. 

Resolutions for, 99. 
Semi-Centennial of Iowa, 263. 



416 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



Service, General, 200, 362. 

Sessions, Superintendent Charles M., 
49, 87, 91, 123, 125, 339; report of, 
124. 

Sessions, Superintendent Frank J., 40, 
49, 70, 71, 79, 85, 87, 91, 121, 123, 124, 
165, 168, 282. 

Shambaugh, Professor Benjamin F., 
137, 139, 140, 151, 295, 392. 

Shaw, Governor Leslie M., 20, 36, 42, 
145, 148, 157, 351, 370, 377, 387. 

Sheakley, Professor S. H., 121. 

Sherman, Governor B. R., 147, 374. 

Sherwin, John C, 25. 

Shriner, H. C, 159. 

Shepherd, Commissioner Wm. T., 14, 
42, 48, 50, 51, 54, 60, 62, 66, 70, 71, 75, 
77, 78, 80, 81, 91, 165, 166, 268, 269; 
report of, 107; biography of, 107; ad- 
dress of, 267; secretary pro tern, 51, 
54; auditor's report, 103. 

Sherman, General, Statue of, 88, 380. 

Shilling, S. B., superintendent dairy, 
39, 49, 79, 200, 203. 

Simpson College Cadets, 298, 299, 300. 

Simpson, John C, Secretary Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, 18, 25, 38, 165. 

Sinclair, T. M. Co., exhibitor, 224, 230, 
237. 

Site, 51, 52, 53, 62, 70, 71, 75, 367. 

Skiff, F. J. v., director exhibits, 52, 
202, 279, 290. 

Skinner, Representative Scott, 80. 

Skirwin, C. F., 80. 

Slade, Mason, organist, 77, 293, 301, 
328, 335, 338, 343, 382, 396. 

Slavery, 315, 316. 

Sloan, Bertha, soloist, 293, 301, 383. 

Smith & Gage, architects, 56, 60, 159. 

Smith, Frederick M., chaplain, 280. 

Smith, W. I., member Congress, 145. 

Social Features, 42, 158, 325, 338, 349, 
371, 382, 386. 

Soil, Iowa, 133, 312, 322. 

Songs, State, 381. 

Southern Iowa Press Association, 278. 

Special Committees, 101, 103, 104. 

Stanton, Charles A., preliminary com- 
missioner, 20. 



Stanton, Professor E. W., 121. 

Star Manufacturing Co., exhibitor, 237. 

State Fair, 77, 165. 

State, First Free, 262, 313, 316. 

State Institutions, 55, 57, 314, 341.. 

State Officers, 17, 25. 

State Songs, 381. 

States Participating, 46, 289, 332, 348, 

354, 358, 389. 
State's Representation. (See Iowa.) 
Statues — 

Farragut, 86. 

Sherman, 88, 

Dodge, 90. 

Henderson, 92. 

Iowa, 320, 326. 

Louisiana Purchase Monument, 
65. 

Livingston, 2. 

Marquette, 294. 

Monroe, 256. 

Joliet, 296. 
Statue of Iowa, 65, 319, 320, 321, 326, 

327. 
Stevens, Secretary W. B., 18, 45, 125, 

260, 278, 279, 368; address by, 45. 
Stewart, John, bust, 198, 202. 
Stock Breeders, 39, 166. (See Live 

Stock.) 
Storms, President Albert B., 145, 165, 

167, 396; address by, 271. 
State Teachers' Association, 39, 40. 
St, Louis Globe-Democrat, 327. 
St. Louis Republic, 377. 
St. Louis, Map of, 19. 
Spencer, John, architect, 54, 60, 109. 
Sunday Programs, 43, 342, 383. 
Superintendents, Rule for, 32. 
Swalm, Colonel and Mrs. Albert W., 
335, 387, 

Taft, William H., Secretary of War, 
291. 

Taylor, Frederic W., chief of agricul- 
ture, 52, 69, 142, 188, 202, 335, 337, 
392; address by, 336. 

Taylor, Isaac S., 18, 62, 109, 360; ad- 
dress by, 290. 

Talleyrand, 151. 



INDEX. 



417 



Teachout, Representative H. E., 80. 

Tedford, Howard, 25. 

Tefft, Carl E., biography of, 327. 

Temple, Representative M. L., address 
by, 1G8. 

Temple of Fraternity, 29. 

Temple of Music, 282, 307. 

Texas, 190, 352. 

Thanksgiving Day, 338, 340. 

Thompson, J. C, Jr., secretary, 18, 3G0. 

Thorwegian, Theodore, contractor, 50, 
109. 

Thwaites, N. Graham, 329. 

Trans-Mississippi Exposition. See 
Omaha Exposition.) 

Traffic, Railroad, 200, 3G2, 397. 

Transportation, 200; secretary in 
charge of, 75; regulation, 317. 

Treasurer, rule, 30; bond, 54. 

Trewin, Commissioner James H., 48, 
49, 51, 52, 53, 54, G7, 70, 72, 73, 74, 80, 
81, 82, 83, 91, 9G, 101, 102, 125, 130, 
282, 328, 331, 332, 343, 385; report of, 
121; biography of, 123; addresses 
by, IGG, 257, 329. 

Tuttle, General James M., 140, 317. 

Updegraff, Commissioner Thomas, 48, 
49, 52, 53, GO, 93, 95; report of, 137; 
biography of, 139. 

United States, Map of. Showing Louis- 
iana Territory, 272. 

United States Government Building, 
65, 1G9. 

United States Gypsum Co., exhibitor, 
22G. 

Upper Des Moines Editorial Associa- 
tion, 37. 

Vaill, J. H., Connecticut Commission- 
er, 284, 358. 
Varied Industries Building, 104. 
Vice President, G2, 271; rule, 29. 
Views from Iowa A^eranda, 298. 
Violinists, 18, 383. 
Virginia, 143, 332, 3G5. 
Visitors' Register, 142, 39G. 
Vocalists, 18, 383. 



Wallingford, Mrs. J. L., assistant sec- 
retary, 50, 83, 38G; resolutions for, 
100. 

Waite, John L., 20. 

Wallace, Joseph, 20. 

War Times, Iowa in, 31G. 

Washington, George, 151, 258, 3Go. 

Weaver, S. M., 25. 

Webster, Daniel, 151, 315, 3G5. 

Weld, Professor L. G., 297. 

West Point Cadets, 387. 

West Virginia, 143, 343. 

White, Superintendent E. H., 49, 74, 

79, 9G, 101, 171; report of, 172. 
Whiting Corn Trophy, 189. 
Vvhiting, Commissioner Will C, 48, 

49, G7, G9, 75, 79, 89, 91, 1G5, 107, 168, 
169, 189, 190, 194, 388; report of, 185 
biography of, 185; addresses by, 167, 
1C8, 1C9. 
Wickersham, Superintendent J. O., 50, 

80, 109, 113. 

Williamson, General James A., 317. 

Wilson, James, 43, 387. 

Wilson, James F., 318. 

Wilson, Superintendent Silas, 39, 49, 
76, 79, 93, 96, 99, 100, 101, 165, 213. 

Winchester, Colonel A. H., 343, 344, 
359. 

Wisconsin, 143, 190, 311. 

Witmer, Commissioner W. W., 17, 41, 
42, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 62, 66, 72, 73, 75, 
76, 78, 80, 81, 82, 87, 93, 95, 96, 100, 
101, 102, 145, 158, 162, 163, 165, 168, 
278, 279, 280, 343, 385, 388; letter of 
transmittal, 11; report of press and 
exploitation, 162; biography of, 162; 
addresses by, 166, 260, 281. 

V/oodward, J. C. & W., architects, 60. 

Woman's Auxiliary Committee, 18, 47, 
54, 70, 73, 77, 81, 82, 144, 153, 388; 
report of, 155. 

W. C. T. U., 78, 155, 159. 

Woman's Clubs, 40, 82, 129, 130, 154, 
157, 158. 

Work, Division of, 54, 59. (See Depart- 
ments.) 

World's Fair Attendance and Reve* 
nue, 45, 354. (See Exploitation.) 



418 



IOWA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 



World's Fair, Iowa at, 41, 43 (see Iowa 
at the World's E'air) ; music at, 345. 

World's Fair Views, 65. 

Wragg, M. J., 39, 392. 

Wright, H. R., Dairy Commissioner, 
25, 39, 49, 200, 205. 

Yerrington, President J. A., Executive 



Commissioners' Association, 350, 
354, 35G, 358; address of, 349. 

Young, Harry, 2G8, 392. 

Young, Lafayette, 20, 332, 388; ad- 
dress of, 263. 

Ziegler, S. B., preliminary commission- 
er, 20. 




1@ 190^ 

n 



